Graphical programming and program correctness proof

A general purpose conversational system for graphical programming

A General Purpose Conversational System for Graphical Programming

Nowadays, when algorithms are combined with programming languages, great technological works are emerging. Examples of these works continue to differentiate and increase in military and police systems, agricultural applications, image processing applications, data engineering field, language processing works, and cyber security applications. With the differentiation of the areas of use of algorithms, the programming languages used on these platforms are also changing. Python is an object-oriented and functional modern programming language. It is ideal for beginners due to its readability and ease of use. C# is a simple, modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language that combines the high productivity of application development languages with the raw power of C and C++. The Java programming language, on the other hand, shares many features that are common to most programming languages used today. Since it is designed with the structures of C and C++, where their languages are similar, the language is familiar to C and C++ programmers (Lerdorf, 2002; Hejlsberg, 2003; Arnold, 2005; Deitel, 2004; Kelly, 2016; Gavrilović, 2018; Pala, 2019; Chollet, 2021; Chen, 2023).

Completion of the first spiral ridge cyclotron, a new addition to the family of proton accelerators, was announced recently by the University of California at Los Angeles. The design of the 49‐inch instrument, a spiral cloverleaf shape which keeps the protons in step with the dee voltage, permits continuous acceleration up to 50 Mev. In addition, spiral iron shims have been placed at intervals in the magnetic gap, altering the magnetic field in such a way as to focus the protons in a beam without putting them out of phase with the alternations of the electric field. The beam produced is 1000 times as intense as that achieved by the old 20‐Mev Lawrence cyclotron at UCLA. It is expected that the energy potential can be extended to 600 Mev without introducing any new principles of design.

This text addresses the use of Mathematica as a symbolic manipulator, a programming language and a general tool for knowledge representation. Also included is coverage of functional programming, rule-based programming, procedural programming, object-oriented programming and graphics programming.

This study was devoted to limit the stability conditions of the wastewater treatment unit. LABVIEW was a powerful and versatile graphical programming language in automation control and date acquisition of the system. The on-line show that accurate and stable control responses were obtained in the present work. The actual phase plane proved to a better technique to limit the regions of the non-linear system stability compared to other theoretical techniques. Limit cycle did not appear in the present system.

This article will describe an environment for developing digital artworks, named Field, that has underpinned some of the most technically challenging real-time artworks made to date. This new tool was recently released by the author under an open source license. Created to specifically support exploratory and improvisory code writing, this environment, which hybridizes text-based programming with dynamic visual metaphors, stands in contrast with the dominant tools available to digital artists today—either the graphical data-flow programming systems or the more recent interest in “live” code-based tools. Field creates an environment where the boundaries between design, development, debugging, and deployment are explicitly porous and ready to shift as the process of forming the artwork out of its formal algorithmic conception demands. This article will articulate the philosophy of this tool by comparison with programming systems, old and new, and describe in detail the ways in which code can be written in it. Examples showing how the fusion of graphical and text-based programming representations can foster specifically the practices demanded by large collaborative artworks will be drawn from the recent work of the OpenEnded Group, spanning real-time graphics, interactive performance, music, and print media.

This paper summarizes recent patents related to the use of graphical programming languages for the development of embedded computing applications. Patents in three specific areas of application are described in the paper. The first set of patents relates to general aspects of using graphical programming for applications targeted to embedded devices. The second area relates to the use of graphical programming environments to enable representations of system behavior using domain-specific “models of computation.” These models of computation may include control block diagrams, statecharts, textual math, etc. The third application area is the use of a graphical programming language to represent system behavior that may be targeted to any of a plurality of different embedded devices. In this case, the system behavior is abstracted to a general form and is not written in a manner that is specific to a particular device. Finally, the current and future developments in the field are briefly discussed. Keywords: Graphical programming, embedded programming, embedded computing, statechart, finite state machine, hardware description language (HDL), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), microprocessor, digital signal processor (DSP), real-time

The paper describes a new approach to model building GRIPS (Graphic Interactive Programming System). GRIPS is a software package enabling the model builder to quickly develop a running program of his simulation model by simply putting his flow chart on the computer and let GRIPS do the rest. The block diagram of a model is sketched on a video screen using a lightpen. The program then interactively requests all necessary information such as model parameters and initial conditions to carry out a simulation run. The set of equations necessary and sufficient to describe the behavior of the dynamic model is generated internally from the available input information. After the model response is computed the user may choose among several formats for output of the results. Graphical representation as well as numerical results can be output on the screen or teletype. Structural and parametric changes of the model are easily accomplished and the effect of these changes can be observed almost immediately.KeywordsBlock DiagramEpidemic ModelVideo ScreenMini ComputerStructural InterconnectionThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

This paper introduces the principle and method of a new design of the experimental platform for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system identification based on LabVIEW, which is a popular tool for developing virtual instrument and is also widely used in many applications in the fields of measurement and control. Inherited with the Graphic programming and data stream driving mode from LabVIEW, the new platform also has the ability for data acquiring, preprocessing, and system identification etc. Experiments and simulations have been done by this platform. The analysis results prove that this platform is an efficient tool for research on the UAV system identification and education.

The ar cle highlights the peculiari es of the use of digital learning means in the teaching of the discipline “Programming languages”. The authors analyzed the experience of using the command line en-vironment when teaching programming in a higher educa on ins tu on. The emphasis focuses on ana-lyzing the possibili es for students to use the command line of the opera ng system (OS) in the process of crea ng their curricula with a graphical interface and ordinary programs in the educa onal environment of a higher educa on ins tu on. It is noted that in the process of teaching programming with the help of the command line of an OS in front of the educators a complex task is being put. In the process of its solu on, students independently search for the necessary source data and form the basis for the crea on and se ng-up of the program, foresee the results of the program implementa on, choose the strategy of using the general didac c pro-gramming so ware with modern and neoteric informa on technologies, perform tasks and analyze the quality of its execu on, and accordance with expected results. It is stated that students perform their task while designing an applica on that is embedded in an HTML page using a special tag. The graphic primi ve program code is loaded and executed using digital learning tools. The authors described the stages of crea ng educa onal programs using resources and tools of the Java Development Kit (JDK) and OS, highlighted the peculiari es of the implementa on and expediency of using applets in programming graphics in the educa onal process using the original source code of the program with graphic primi ves as an example. Scien fic research contains recommenda ons for using the command line to develop simple educa-onal applica ons with a graphical interface. The ar cle outlines the advantages of digital learning tools in teaching programming, namely the command line of an OS and the usual didac c so ware.

A general-purpose, interactive simulation facility for modeling computational systems is described. The simulation facility is especially suited for evaluating the performance of parallel computational structures on workloads exhibiting arbitrary degrees of parallelism. Two different simulators are provided, one that operates at the processor level only, ignoring explicit system connectivity; and one that allows a detailed specification of system architecture and connectivity. Supplementing the simulators are: (a) a workload generator for synthesizing workloads exhibiting any desired degree of parallelism, and (b) a resource specification system that allows easy description of the capabilities and parameters of various resources in a system. Several graphical utility programs are provided to aid in interpretation of simulation results. The system has been implemented in the programming language 'C' on a Data General MV/8000 computer operating under the Data General Advanced Operating System; the system should port easily to other virtual architecture machines with a 'C' compiler.

We propose design guidelines for a probabilistic programming facility suitable for deployment as a part of a production software system. As a reference implementation, we introduce Infergo, a probabilistic programming facility for Go, a modern programming language of choice for server-side software development. We argue that a similar probabilistic programming facility can be added to most modern general-purpose programming languages. Probabilistic programming enables automatic tuning of program parameters and algorithmic decision making through probabilistic inference based on the data. To facilitate addition of probabilistic programming capabilities to other programming languages, we share implementation choices and techniques employed in development of Infergo. We illustrate applicability of Infergo to various use cases on case studies, and evaluate Infergo's performance on several benchmarks, comparing Infergo to dedicated inference-centric probabilistic programming frameworks.

Programming into graphs of a new generation offers not to write, but to draw the programs throughout their entire lifetime using the graphs from mathematics in which only horizontal arcs are loaded (ISO 8631:1989). Drawing is easier and faster, especially for the touch screen. All the traditional (since 1947) machine-oriented operators like if, for, while, repeat, case, goto, and labels and brackets like begin-end are excluded from programming. They became outdated. They are too many, complicated, empirical (not strictly defined) and low capacious for a human, and provide a primitive mechanical technology of programming. To neutralize their drawbacks a human makes much efforts creating a huge amount of languages, systems and programming environments that are supposedly easier, but in fact divide the specialists and make programming extremely complicated, not evolutional and inaccessible to many people. Instead of all these things, the only one (mathematically rigorous) graphical and human-oriented entity (R-scheme) is offered. In average, less than one (less than 0.2) click on mouth button or the keyboard is required for entering this entity to a machine. As a result, up to 60% of superfluous symbols, keywords, punctuation marks, typographic symbols etc. are excluded from the traditional program. Graphics program in R-schemes is 100 or more times compact and incomparably more visual compared with the traditionally recorded programs. Consequently, the process of programming is simplified, accelerated and improved repeatedly, has a proof of correctness, self-documentation and documentation of motivation of the decisions made, mathematical derivation and automatic generation of the programs and tests for these programs. Continuity with in the first place of program libraries is maintained. New horizons of industrial development of the large programs are open. For the first time programming receives the mathematical basis (culture) and becomes accessible to everyone, but not only to the computer programmers.

In 1990 Shyi-Ming Chen et al. presented a new approach to knowledge representation using fuzzy Petri nets (FPN). A fuzzy Petri net model allows a structural representation of knowledge and has a systematic procedure for supporting fuzzy reasoning. In this paper we propose an algebraic (matrix) representation of FPNs. We use this representation in a fuzzy reasoning algorithm which is simple to implement in modern programming languages such as C++, Cn or Java. Furthermore, there exists MATLAB - a computer system which makes it possible to solve many computing problems, especially those with matrix and vector formulations. We present also an approach enabling us to carry out a fuzzy reasoning process using the MATLAB environment.