Green Bonding Processes

Objectives: The impact of production on the traditional medicine industry and efforts to preserve environmental and economic performance. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of green inputs, green processes, and green products on the financial performance of PT Herba Emas Wahidatama.Methodology: This study uses a quantitative method. Sampling was carried out using saturated sampling, collecting data from 60 personnel from various departments who are actively involved at PT Herba Emas Wahidatama. The analysis and hypothesis testing techniques used SEM-PLS with the SmartPLS 4.0 program.Finding: The results of this study indicate that the green input carried out by PT Herba Emas Wahidatama has a significant influence on economic performance, as indicated by one of its key indicators, namely raw material control, using the FIFO and FEFO methods. Meanwhile, the processed data on the green process variable applied to PT Herba Emas Wahidatama also has a significant impact on economic performance, as indicated by the efficient energy use indicator in the production process, which utilizes solar panels. The green product variable applied to PT Herba Emas Wahidatama has a significant effect on economic performance, which is indicated by one of the indicators, namely product certification, including product certification from BPOM in the form of CPOTB (Good Traditional Medicine Manufacturing Practices) and CPPOB (Good Processed Food Production Practices), Halal MUI, and several ISO standard certifications starting from its commitment to SMM ISO 9001:2015, SMK3 45001, and SML 14001.Conclusion: The better the implementation of green input, processes, and products, the more sustainable and competitive the economic performance of PT Herba Emas Wahidatama will be in its market.

Ammonia is one of the most produced chemicals around the world due to its various uses. However its traditional production process is associated with high fossil fuel consumption. To avoid this, the production of green ammonia can be done, and one of the considered production methods is water electrolysis, where the hydrogen needed for the manufacturing of ammonia is produced using solar energy. In this work, multi-objective optimization (MOO) is carried out for two ammonia synthesis processes with water electrolysis. One process uses solar energy to generate electricity for the whole process (Green ammonia), while the other uses natural gas for the same purpose (non-green ammonia) on a small production scale. The process is simulated using ProMax 5.0 and MOO is done using Excel-based MOO with I-MODE algorithm. Several MOO cases are solved with different objectives like CO2 emissions and energy (ENG) minimization, and Profit and Purity maximization in two and three objective cases. To conduct the work, several decision variables are selected like the operating temperatures and pressures of different streams in addition to the flow rate of nitrogen and water. Some constraints regarding the purity and reactors temperature are considered as well. The obtained results showed that the profit of green ammonia process (ranges between 0.7 and 80 M$/yr) is lower compared to the non-green process (ranges between 0.8 and 4.4 M$/yr). On the other hand, huge CO2 emissions (up to 38000 tons/yr) are produced in the non-green process compared to almost zero emissions with the green process. In most cases, water and nitrogen flow rates showed a high influence on the results and caused conflict between the objectives.

Liquid pollutants and coke formation can cause many problems in steam reforming of bio-oil for hydrogen production. From an environmental and economic point of view, an operation of liquid condensate recycling aiming at eliminating secondary pollution as well as carbon deposition was applied in this work. Under the optimal reaction conditions, m-cresol (a heavy organic compound present in bio-oil) was steam-reformed on a highly efficient commercial Ni-based catalyst for 6 h time-on-stream. Gas product distribution, liquid pollutant formation, and carbon deposition behavior were investigated, respectively. On the basis of one-time liquid condensate recycling, a green and efficient steam-reforming process can be achieved. Under different reaction conditions, the possibility of achieving this green process was evaluated. The results indicated that under a much higher temperature (900 °C), m-cresol becomes easier to steam reform but it is still impossible to achieve a green process just by a single steam reforming. Under a low temperature (800 °C), low steam/carbon ratio (2.5), or high weight hourly space velocity of bio-oil (1.0 h−1), it is difficult to eliminate the liquid pollutants completely by one-time liquid condensate recycling. However, for every single test, the operation of liquid condensate recycling can make a contribution to the increase of the hydrogen yield and the reduction of secondary pollution and coke formation. It provides an alternative route for steam reforming of bio-oil, especially for some heavy components in bio-oil.

Antibiotic-resistant strains remain an impor tant public health problem in developing countries, but industri alised countries are not fully protected from this problem either. Recent research has used combinations of traditional ethnopharmacology and modern technologies to find more effective treatments. Green chemical processes are one of these important combinations with herbal medicine. A superheated water extract and a decoction were prepared from clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry) and evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The obtained extracts were tested against multi-resistant clinical isolates. The superheated extract showed strong antibacterial activity with bactericidal effect against most tested strains, whereas the decoction showed low activity with bacteriostatic effect. Both extracts have a similar global chemical composition; however, the powerful bactericidal activity of the superheated extract is due to greater concentration of polyphenolics. This study reveals the promising potential of clove extracts obtained by a green process using water, heat and pressure.

In this paper, the concept of “green processing” will be applied, while explaining the role of sustainable development strategy with respect to the environmental issue. Two parameters are considered in the study by utilizing carbon dioxide and reject brine from desalination plants as raw materials to produce valuable chemical products and partially desalinated water.

A green synthesis process was developed for the production of PVP-coated noble metal nanoparticles in the form of stable nanosols. Water is the environmentally benign solvent; glucose serves as a mild, renewable and non-toxic reducing agent and microwave irradiation is an effective and fast heating technique. The same green process has been optimized to obtain several metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Cu, Pd), and therefore encourages the easy preparation of bimetallic nanostructures. Nanosols were characterized by dynamic light scattering DLS, HR-TEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD and ICP-AES. The total reaction yield for all the samples was assessed, the prepared nanoparticles were spherical shaped with an average diameter ranging from 3 to 20 nm. Nanosols with excellent stability over several months, achieved even for high solid contents, were prepared. Additionally, it is shown that all of the synthesized nanoparticles can act as effective catalysts for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of NaBH4 (which is otherwise unfeasible without a metal catalyst). This reduction was spectrophotocally followed and the rate constants were determined by measuring the change in absorbance at 400 nm (the wavelength typical of 4-NP) as a function of time. The following ranking of decreasing efficiency of the catalyst was found: Pd > Au > Ag > Cu.

This research investigates the impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices on the sustainability performance of Kerala’s Ayurvedic manufacturing sector. By examining green procurement, processing, distribution, inventory management, and logistics, the study reveals a moderate positive relationship between GSCM practices and sustainability. Notably, green processing, inventory management, and logistics emerge as key drivers, while procurement and distribution have limited effects. The findings underscore the importance of recycling, reuse, and degradability in enhancing sustainability, offering actionable insights for industry practitioners and policymakers to optimize resource use and minimize environmental impact.

A novel green preparation process for N-acetyl-L-cysteine: More efficient, economical and environmentally friendly

Chapter 8 - Current trends in green processing: Improvements of food product

Spatial division of labor, specialization of green technology innovation process and urban coordinated green development: Evidence from China

Ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical CO2(scCO2) are two promising types of reaction media for green chemical processes due to their unique properties. They can be integrated into chemical reactions as catalysts and solvents to develop green and environment-friendly processes. This review presents current research trends aiming to solve the major chemical engineering issues in light of a fundamental understanding of these media. Applications of these media in the petrochemical industry, biochemical engineering, and fine chemical production are reviewed, suggesting the challenges and directions of utilizing them for green processes prospectively. These recent explorations and successful examples of applications demonstrate that ILs and scCO2offer huge potential for novel and green chemical engineering processes.

In this paper, there are many system analysis and Summary about the green manufacturing processes, the development of profiles in machinery manufacturing, and prospects about the future research of the green manufacturing process.In real terms, green manufacturing processes in the mechanical manufacturing process is a series of decision-making process, which is important about the clear decision-making objectives of this paper, based on existing research of green manufacturing, this paper summed up the target system and decision-making model of the green manufacturing processes in the machinery.The exact division of the decision-making goal and the proper establishment of the decision model has important implications for the future of green manufacturing.

The intricacies of environmental issues require that marketers involve a broad set of stakeholders in the green new product development (NPD) process. These stakeholders often have information and expertise that are outside the organisation's core domain. While these stakeholders can cooperate with the firm and assist organisations in developing green products, they can also threaten the green NPD process and/or indirectly influence the firm's activities via motivating others to act. Using a sample of Australian and US marketers, this study found that both groups' perceived that a range of stakeholders could impact (i.e. cooperate, threaten, and indirectly influence) the green NPD process, although there were some differences in the samples' views. A preliminary examination of the strategies/approaches used to involve stakeholders in the green NPD process identified that marketers failed to actively include stakeholders with environmental expertise in this process. They may, therefore, be missing opportunities to more effectively green their products.

The global economy is constantly evolving and corporate technology and business are an important factor in this development and because of the accompanying negative impact on the environment and society, the role of sustainability and sustainable development highlights. To further investigate the scope of the green software development process and its integration with information systems such as the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, we presented this study due to its importance in minimizing the negative effects of information technology on our natural environment. In this connection, there is a have to combine sustainability and information technology allow organizations to behave in a manner to going greener. Comprehending that the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is one of the very effective commercial enterprise solutions for organizations, it is necessary to align its use with sustainability factors through the utilization of green IT practices, the objective of this research study is to provide a design model to enhance ERP system in green software development process. So every company must look into the impact of the utilization of Information and communications technology (ICT) on our natural environment and take care to adopt methods to decrease the effects negative on its. Therefore, knowledge management (KM) can be used as the facilitation tool. This research paper presents the results of qualitative research, which proposes a model that to the possibility of enhancing the implementation of the ERP system in the Green Software Development Process by using green IT practices and knowledge management as facilitation tools.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to study green banking practices, its methods of adoption and importance of practicing green banking. This study also includes the role and contribution of banks in environmental sustainability and UN Sustainable Development Goals.Design/methodology/approachThe current research paper is conceptual in nature, based on a thorough literature review, websites of financial institutions and literature evaluations among other sources. This study has been supplemented by a variety of research journal articles. The websites of many banks including SBI (State Bank of India) and MayBank (Malaysia) were used and reviewed to know about various green banking practices both nationally and internationally and their contribution toward sustainability.FindingsThe devastating effects of recent flooding, droughts and extreme temperatures that several people all over the world have experienced compelled everyone to begin thinking about global warming and its consequences, and to do everything that can be done to address this problem. Governments, businesses and individuals all play a part in preventing global warming and creating a more sustainable world. People have to deal with financial institutions, particularly banks, which play a vital role in this environment by assisting in the development of a robust and successful low-carbon economics. They should make more use of environmental data when extending credit and making investment decisions. The project will assist them in proactively improving their environmental performance while also adding long-term value to their company. Businesses having a bigger carbon output may be viewed as riskier in the future, and banks may shy away from funding such businesses in favor of innovative technology solutions that absorb or reduce carbon emissions. As a result, green banking is the order of the day, a source for sustainable development and it will undoubtedly benefit banks, industries as well as the environment at large.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical implications can be summed in the following points: (1) there is no universally accepted framework for green or sustainable banking so far. However, green banking practices are at different stages of development across countries. As per the case of India, green banking practices are at a development phase in India, and green processes have a significant impact on sustainable development. (2) The study is one of the first of its kind in the academic literature as it links green banking practices with sustainability besides discussing green banking practices of the top public sector Bank of India and top commercial bank of Malaysia. Despite the significant contributions made by this study, many disadvantages should be addressed for future research. The present work was chosen for comfort, it was restricted to green banking practices of two banks only, which limits conclusion and interpretation of outcome to some extent Future research can be conducted by a comparative study with the top green banks or with the cleanest country of the world or green banking practices by those banks toward sustainability in that country can also be a good area for researchPractical implicationsManagerial implication: The study is extremely helpful to the banking industry in determining the scope of green banking initiatives in sustainable development. This study is a prime study in India to interrelate banking industry towards sustainability and two UN SDGs besides green banking practices of banks. This paper has noted the areas where the banks can make progress for the greener, sustainable economics. It has also aided the banking industry in identifying areas for development so that it may focus on improving social satisfaction and satisfaction of stakeholders across its operating areas. The study is also very helpful for banks to comprehend how vital these green initiatives, especially green processes, are to improve sustainability.Social implicationsThe study will serve as a gauge for banking actions toward greener nations and a greener world since these are the efforts toward Carbon Free World, Efforts for controlling global warming, efforts for the greener planet in general which undoubtedly is a significant long-term service to society a reason for better climate and better tomorrow.Originality/valueThis paper identifies the need for green banking in sustainability. This article also summarizes the notion of green banking besides outlining some methods and analyzing green banking initiative by SBI (State bank of India) of India, MayBank of Malaysia & UNSDG .