Grid-connected solar inverter system: a case study

Agricultural Photovoltaic Systems are a key technology to achieve sustainable development goals by reducing competition between land for food and electricity. In addition, Agricultural Photovoltaic Systems are at the heart of the link between power generation, crop production and irrigation water conservation. The main ecophysiological constraint on crop production under photovoltaics is the reduction of light. It is difficult to recommend shade tolerance for some plant varieties due to insufficient information on shading conditions for most plants. The use of shading panels (photovoltaic panels) requires more crop-specific research to determine the optimal percentage of panels and their placement that will not reduce agricultural yields. Crop yield variation versus field shading and availability to maximize the system require extensive research. This study aims to develop a standard procedure for designing an agricultural grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system for solar power generation in an agricultural area in Bahteem, Egypt. The technical and annual performance of the grid-connected PV system was simulated using PV Syst software. The paper started with a pre-feasibility study of a grid-connected photovoltaic system using PV Syst. Software with an extensive database of meteorological data, including global daily horizontal solar irradiance, and a database of various renewable energy system components from different manufacturers. In this work, a comprehensive literature review of agricultural solar photovoltaic systems is conducted, with a particular focus on grid-connected systems, followed by a design procedure for grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems. The planned photovoltaic system will generate a total of 400 KWp of electricity. This generated electricity can drive down electricity prices by exporting excess electricity to the national grid. In addition, solar power systems are fuel-efficient and have a low environmental impact.

The lack of control in voltage overshoot, transient response, and steady state error are major issues that are frequently encountered in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system, resulting in poor power quality performance and damages to the overall power system. This paper presents the performance of a control strategy for an inverter in a three-phase grid-connected PV system. The system consists of a PV panel, a boost converter, a DC link, an inverter, and a resistor-inductor (RL) filter and is connected to the utility grid through a voltage source inverter. The main objective of the proposed strategy is to improve the power quality performance of the three-phase grid-connected inverter system by optimising the proportional-integral (PI) controller. Such a strategy aims to reduce the DC link input voltage fluctuation, decrease the harmonics, and stabilise the output current, voltage, frequency, and power flow. The particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique was implemented to tune the PI controller parameters by minimising the error of the voltage regulator and current controller schemes in the inverter system. The system model and control strategies were implemented using MATLAB/Simulink environment (Version 2020A) Simscape-Power system toolbox. Results show that the proposed strategy outperformed other reported research works with total harmonic distortion (THD) at a grid voltage and current of 0.29% and 2.72%, respectively, and a transient response time of 0.1853s. Compared to conventional systems, the PI controller with PSO-based optimization provides less voltage overshoot by 11.1% while reducing the time to reach equilibrium state by 32.6%. The consideration of additional input parameters and the optimization of input parameters were identified to be the two main factors that contribute to the significant improvements in power quality control. Therefore, the proposed strategy effectively enhances the power quality of the utility grid, and such an enhancement contributes to the efficient and smooth integration of the PV system.

This paper deals with a key solution for power outages problem experienced by many African countries and this through grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems with batteries storage. African grids are characterized by an insufficient power supply and frequent interruptions. Due to this fact, users who especially use classical grid-connected photovoltaic systems are unable to profit from their installation even if there is sun. In this study, we suggest the using of a grid-connected photovoltaic system with batteries storage as a solution to these problems. This photovoltaic system works by injecting the surplus of electricity production into grid and can also deliver electricity as a stand-alone system with all security needed. To achieve our study objectives, firstly we conducted a survey of a real situation of one African electrical grid, the case of Burkina Faso (SONABEL: National Electricity Company of Burkina). Secondly, as study case, we undertake a sizing, a modeling and a simulation of a grid-connected PV system with batteries storage for the LAME laboratory at the University of Ouagadougou. The simulation shows that the proposed grid-connected system allows users to profit from their photovoltaic installation at any time even if the public electrical grid has some failures either during the day or at night.

Assesment of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in the Kuwaiti climate

A novel adaptive command-filtered backstepping sliding mode control for PV grid-connected system with energy storage

Recently, the demand for small grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems has been rapidly increasing; this is due to the reduction in the costs of grid-connected storage systems as compared to those of the stand-alone ones. Notably, the performance of the solar tracking system is not only depending on the types but also the region that they are set up and used. To understand how solar tracking systems work globally, we need to know their performance in each country and even the different parts of a country. In this study, two grid-connected PV systems with 250 W solar modules were used to investigate the efficient improvement of a single-axis sun tracking system in Central Vietnam. First, a mechanical tracking device with a linear actuator and a controller was designed and then its performance was comprehensively investigated with a grid-connected PV system. In addition to evaluating the energy gain by the tracking system, this study also considered the energy consumption of the linear actuator with its controller and a small grid-connected PV system; this has generally been omitted in previous works. Experimental results indicate that the total energy consumption of the tracking system was approximately 2–8% of the energy generated by the grid-connected PV system. The maximum overall energy generation was confirmed to have increased by up to 30.3% on a sunny day upon using the proposed tracking system; further, the net energy gain by using the sun tracker was ascertained to be 15.2% in average weather conditions. Based on the success of this work, we will keep experimenting with other parts of Vietnam. Also, we will collaborate with colleagues in other countries to create a guideline for understanding and using the solar tracker regionally and globally.

Solar ship, which integrates the solar photovoltaic (PV) system into its own ship power system, is becoming one kinds of most promising and fastest developing green ship. Since the electric energy transformed by PV system is provided to the power load through the ship's distribution system, the output power of synchronous generator will be reduced in proportion. Especially, if the matching relationship among solar PV system, energy storage system and the power load requirement is precisely analyzed and the operation characteristics and reliability of solar inverter have already meet the strict test standards for marine equipment, the design capacity of synchronous generators could also be reduced. The off-grid mode and grid mode are the main way of integrated application of solar power photovoltaic system of ship. And the solar PV system is a kind of inverter power supply, which is essentially based on the electronic inverted technology, so PV system can be regarded as a ‘fragile power source’ with ‘zero inertia’. Therefore, the influence of solar photovoltaic grid-connected system to the power flow and power quality of the ship power system cannot be ignored. And the effect of photovoltaic system on the power quality of transient and steady-state and flow calculation remains to be studied. This paper mainly research the changes of power load flow calculation(PLFC) on the system, using the toolbox PSAT of MATLAB Simulink. This paper research the PLFC on the system of different solar photovoltaic systems access points, and analysis the experimental results. The results show that, under the premise of the normal operation of the ship electric power system, the improvement of the capacity of solar photovoltaic system in ship , and different access modes of photovoltaic grid-connected system, have slight impact on the power flow of power system, indicating that the photovoltaic grid-connected system in ship is stable, an appropriate increase in the capacity of PV system is feasible. The results is of certain significance of secure application of grid connected photovoltaic system in this paper.

Photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected system is the development trend of photovoltaic systems. According to the PV grid-connected system characteristics, analyzes the maximum power point tracking(MPPT) control strategy based on two-stage power conversion architecture, proposed a novel MPPT control algorithm, it can achieve the maximum power point tracking by only detect one parameter-the inverter output current. In the Matlab/Simulink simulation environment, building the system model and simulation based on the control scheme, the system can find the maximum power point quickly and steadily, compared with the widely used MPPT algorithm simulation result, proved the correctness and feasibility of control scheme, has practical value.

Optimal energy management of a grid-connected dual-tracking photovoltaic system with battery storage: Case of a microbrewery under demand response

Economic analysis of 26 kW solar powered system for a commercial building in India

Aiming at the problem of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system running under multiple disturbances, a first-order active disturbance rejection control (1st-LADRC) strategy is proposed. First, the mathematical model of photovoltaic grid-connected system is analyzed. Then, 1st-LADRC is introduced into the control system to enhance the robustness of the system to uncertainty. And complete the observation, estimation and compensation of disturbances by designing an extended state observer. Furthermore, the stability, tracking and convergence of the proposed control strategy are analyzed by frequency domain analysis. Finally, a digital simulation of the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter system was carried out on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the effectiveness of the control strategy was verified by the simulation results of various working conditions.KeywordsPhotovoltaic grid-connected inverterFirst-order active disturbance rejection control strategyFrequency domain analysis

The performance of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) power generation system operating in the field is inevitably affected by environmental parameters (solar irradiance, temperature, humidity, wind speed, spectrum, cloud cover, dust, etc.), of which the main factors are solar irradiance and temperature. Based on the data of 100kW PV system of ShangYi PV Plant captured form June 1, 2012 to May 31, 2013 (1 min resolution) and the data of Qinghai Delingha 20MW PV Plant in China captured in 2012., the influence of solar irradiance and temperature on PV system is analyzed. The results show hourly PV array DC power has highly significant positive correlation with hourly total solar radiation, also PV system AC power output and solar irradiance have good consistency. Both of them show irradiance is the main environment factor to the PV system. Then using the captured data, the relationship between maximum load and PV panels surface temperature is also analyzed, the surface temperature is higher, the maximum load is lower.

The utilization of renewable energy sources significantly increased in response to the growing global energy demand. Rising concerns about the environment, the photovoltaic (PV) systems emerged as prominent and widely adopted among all other renewable energies. The installation cost of PV systems is more however, the recent advancements in PV technology have made them feasible for a wide range of applications. In addition to module and inverter efficiencies, the overall efficiency of a PV system also depends upon the efficiency of the tracking method. The conventional and intelligent methods are experiencing low tracking efficiency under different irradiation and temperature conditions. PV grid integration can be done in two methods. The single stage grid connected systems can experience problems related to power quality and stability of the DC link voltage at low irradiance levels. To limit this problem, two-stage systems are preferable for maintaining a stable DC-link voltage. This research evaluates several MPPT strategies, including conventional approaches (perturbation and observation, incremental conductivity) and intelligent techniques (fuzzy logic controllers, ANFIS), and proposes a hybrid AGORNN controller, that is based on the Adaptive Grasshopper Optimization Recurrent Neural Network strategy. The performance of each method is assessed through parameters such as PV maximum power (Pmpp), DC link voltage (Vdclink), MPPT tracking efficiency η_MPPT (%), Vdc Ripple Vdcr (%), response time (Tres), overshoot Osh (%), utilization efficiency η_ut (%), THD, cost analysis, and payback period (PB). The results of simulations, which were examined using MATLAB/Simulink (R2023b), and compared with existing hybrid MPPT control methods. It exhibits that the proposed AGORNN controller is more effective than the standard and intelligent MPPT. The novel hybrid MPPT controller was examined under the conditions of STC and different irradiance and temperature, which were referred to as PTC. In STC tracking and conversion efficiencies are 99.86 and 96.55, respectively. The efficiencies under PTC are 96% and 91.50%, which ensures a promising solution to high efficiency grid-connected PV systems. The LCOE and Payback Period are also estimated and compared with other methods.

A Real-time Modeling of Photovoltaic Array

Nowadays, due to the high-scale penetration of photovoltaic systems, reliable and efficient grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems utilizing the advances of power electronics and control system technology are desirable. Thus, single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic systems, have gained attention, especially in low voltage applications. However, PV systems exhibit nonlinear behavior that could negatively affect the performance of the system if they are not adequately compensated for. In this dissertation, using the general structure for the synchronous dq0 frame, a single-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system, and a single-stage single-phase grid-connected PV system, both with a nonlinear control strategy, are developed to track the maximum power and to control the active and reactive power, without the necessity of an additional power converter. A novel trajectory of the reference current is obtained online taking into account the dynamics of the DC link capacitor and the switching function of the inverter. Unlike to the three-phase system, the single-phase system includes a novel method to mitigate the double line-frequency current ripple of the PV array, which is the major drawback of the single-phase PV inverter. Moreover, based on the preceded work, the nonlinear controller is combined with adaptive control to estimate the unknown disturbances that physically could appear in the circuit and affect the performance of the system. The stability of the systems and boundedness of signals are demonstrated by Lyapunov stability analysis. Simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed controllers to track the maximum power and to control the active and reactive power.