Haar wavelet transformation and RC4 algorithm based Image Encryption

The Quest for Information Privacy in Africa: A Review Essay

This study proposed concealment of information through watermarking techniques using a combination of Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT) and Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) algorithms. The use of HWT can improve the imperceptibility of the watermarked image. While the CRT has a shorter operation and minimal distortion and provides security to copyright because of its insertion technique that indirectly also encrypts the copyright itself. Watermark insertion is done by using HWT on subband LL followed by CRT process. The evaluation standard that will be used in this research is Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Correlation (NC). From the measurement results obtained the average value of PSNR 63.55dB, which shows the very high imperceptible quality of the watermarked image. While copyright extraction can be recovered perfectly with the value of NC 1.

11 - Data Security and Protection for Medical Images

Networked Privacy and Security - Examples and Suggestions

Despite the benefits of data mining in a wide range of applications, this technique has raised some issues related to privacy and security of individuals. Due to these issues, data owners may prevent to share their sensitive information with data miners. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for privacy preserving clustering (PPC) over centralized data. The proposed technique uses Haar wavelet transform (HWT) and scaling data perturbation (SDP) to protect the underlying numerical attribute values subjected to clustering analysis. In addition, some experimental results are presented, which demonstrate that the proposed technique is effective and finds an optimum in the tradeoff between clustering utility and data privacy.

The sensitivity of health-care information and its accessibility via the Internet and mobile technology systems is a cause for concern in these modern times. The privacy, integrity and confidentiality of a patient's data are key factors to be considered in the transmission of medical information for use by authorised health-care personnel. Mobile communication has enabled medical consultancy, treatment, drug administration and the provision of laboratory results to take place outside the hospital. With the implementation of electronic patient records and the Internet and Intranets, medical information sharing amongst relevant health-care providers was made possible. But the vital issue in this method of information sharing is security: the patient's privacy, as well as the confidentiality and integrity of the health-care information system, should not be compromised. We examine various ways of ensuring the security and privacy of a patient's electronic medical information in order to ensure the integrity and confidentiality of the information.

In the digital age, data privacy protection is facing legal challenges and countermeasures. Traditional privacy protection laws have limitations and cannot fully adapt to the era of big data. The illegal collection and utilization of personal information, the failure to meet ethical standards for privacy protection under new technologies, and the lagging legislative practice of personal information protection are all issues that need to be addressed. This article adopts a series of measures and advocates public awareness to enhance citizens' awareness and participation in personal information protection. From an international perspective, the experience of the EU's "data protection" system is worth learning from, while personal information protection involves basic human rights and should be ensured by legislation. In the future, it is necessary to design a path that balances information freedom and privacy protection, explore technology and incentive paths, industry self-discipline and rights building paths, in order to ensure effective protection of data privacy.

For the protection of user's privacy information, when the mobile phone is lost in the hands of others or when others use their own mobile phones, while do not want their own privacy or security information is opened by others, this paper studies and implements an application lock function.Through managing the application, the user can put the applications that they want to protect into the application lock and set a password, only enter the correct password to access, thereby enhanced the user's privacy information security.

When considering information security and privacy issues most of the attention has previously focused on data protection and the privacy of personally identifiable information (PII). What is often overlooked is consideration for the operational and transactional data. Specifically, the security and privacy protection of metadata and metastructure information of computing environments has not been factored in to most methods. Metadata, or data about data, can contain many personal details about an entity. It is subject to the same risks and malicious actions personal data is exposed to. This paper presents a new perspective for information security and privacy. It is termed Meta Privacy and is concerned with the protection and privacy of information system metadata and metastructure details. We first present a formal definition for Meta Privacy, and then analyze the factors that encompass and influence Meta Privacy. In addition, we recommend some techniques for the protection of Meta Privacy within the information systems. Further, the paper highlights the importance of ensuring all informational elements of information systems are adequately protected from a privacy perspective.

Data Protection in Nigeria: A Review of the Nigerian Data Protection Regulation 2019 and the Need for Nigeria to Sign the African Convention on Data Protection

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging field consisting of Internet-based globally connected network architecture. A subset of IoT is the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) that consists of smart healthcare devices having significant importance in monitoring, processing, storing, and transmitting sensitive information. It is experiencing novel challenges regarding data privacy protection. This article discusses different components of IoHT and categorizes various healthcare devices based on their functionality and deployment. This article highlights the possible points and reasons for data leakage, such as conflicts in laws, the use of sub-standard devices, lack of awareness, and the non-availability of dedicated local law enforcement agencies. This article draws attention to the escalating demand for a suitable regulatory framework and analyzes compliance problems of IoHT devices concerning healthcare data privacy and protection regulations. Furthermore, the article provides some recommendations to improve the security and privacy of IoHT implementation.

Unlike conventional methods and technologies of collecting, processing and analysing the personal data of natural persons as part of law enforcement activities, the broader use of different artificial intelligence methods brings into focus the need for specific rules regulating the application of various artificial intelligence methods to protect two independent fundamental rights as regulated by EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, Art. 7 and 8 – data protection and privacy. Privacy, the protection of personal data and the security of their processing and transmission within law enforcement activities, whether it is non-automated, partially or fully automated, is prescribed by Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and the free movement of such data. When considering personal data protection in the context of Directive 2016/680 it is referred to the protection of information on the confirmed identity of a natural person (data protection) and the protection of all information by which identity can be confirmed (privacy). Thus, this information should not be part of the defined personal data category, and all methods and technologies that can be used for direct and indirect confirmation of the identity of a natural person should be taken into account. The paper aims to determine whether there is relationship between privacy and security and whether there are differences in the personal data collection, processing and analysis methods by law enforcement authorities, when used methods are conventional or artificial intelligence. The first hypothesis emphasises causality between privacy and security when collecting, processing and analysing their personal data by conventional methods and artificial intelligence methods for law enforcement purposes. The second hypothesis implies a statistically significant difference in making personal data available to law-enforcement bodies in cases they are collected, processed and analysed by conventional methods and in cases they are collected, processed or analysed by artificial intelligence methods. The methods used are: descriptive method for describing the process of collecting, processing and analysing personal data in law enforcement activities, as well as for describing the differences between conventional and artificial intelligence methods and evaluating hypotheses; induction for creating hypothesis; deduction for observing specific relations; content analysis and synthesis in the evaluation phase; survey method; statistical and comparative method in the testing phase and for determining the compliance with the hypotheses.

Digital Data Protection & The Right to Privacy

Addressing the issue of data leakage in social networks, this paper presents a classification of users' privacy information and introduces various personal data protection schemes utilizing blockchain technology. These schemes employ timestamp data storage within the blockchain, hash function anonymization techniques, and the Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) asymmetric encryption algorithm for encrypting and digitally signing transmitted data files. This innovative blockchain-based approach effectively tackles privacy leakage concerns in social networks and sets a benchmark for research in data security and social network safety. In this article, we propose a unique blockchain-based data protection scheme, specifically designed for different types of privacy leaks. This innovative solution addresses the pervasive problem of privacy leaks in social networks. However, current methods require more computational power during data interaction, which may hinder performance. Future research will concentrate on optimizing blockchain computational efficiency, aiming to develop a more robust data privacy protection system for blockchain-based social networks. By enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of these privacy protection schemes, we hope to create a more secure environment for users to interact and share information on social platforms, ultimately fostering trust and confidence in digital social networks.

Purpose This article aims to examine the tension between freedom of expression and personal data protection, focusing on criminal conviction and offence data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It analyses how legal frameworks, particularly Article 85 of the GDPR, attempt to reconcile public access to information with individual data privacy rights harmoniously. Design/methodology/approach Using a legal doctrinal approach primarily, this study examines GDPR provisions, especially Article 85, alongside relevant case law. The principle of proportionality serves as a key analytical tool to assess the necessity and justification of legal restrictions on data processing. Findings The research underscores the delicate balance between freedom of expression and data protection concerning criminal records. Article 85 plays a crucial role in establishing journalistic exemptions while ensuring data privacy. The principle of proportionality is vital in preventing disproportionate restrictions, requiring case-by-case evaluations. The study highlights the evolving nature of privacy-publicity conflicts, with the right to be forgotten serving as a safeguard against undue harm from outdated or minor convictions. Research limitations/implications This study has limitations, including its reliance on case-specific analyses, which overlook the broader impacts of the evolving digital media landscape, particularly social media and user-generated content. The focus on European legal frameworks (e.g. GDPR) restricts generalisability to non-EU jurisdictions with differing standards. Additionally, the analysis emphasises journalistic exemptions, neglecting other forms of expression – such as academic, artistic and literary – that also require balancing against personal data protection rights. Practical implications The research provides practical guidance for balancing data protection and freedom of expression, particularly under GDPR Article 85. It underscores the need for case-by-case assessments, ensuring proportionality and necessity when handling criminal conviction data. Policymakers and legal practitioners can use these insights to refine journalistic exemptions and prevent data misuse, especially in digital media contexts. Organisations, including media platforms, are encouraged to adopt responsible data-handling practices to safeguard privacy while enabling public interest reporting. Finally, the findings stress the importance of dynamic frameworks that adapt to evolving societal and technological contexts, supporting fair outcomes for both data protection and expression rights. Social implications This research highlights the delicate balance between individual data protection rights and freedom of expression, particularly regarding criminal conviction data. Its implications extend to societal concerns over data privacy, the potential misuse of personal information and the long-term impact on individuals, especially those with minor or outdated offences. As digital media evolves, these issues become more pressing, with the rise of social media and user-generated content complicating the legal landscape. Ensuring that privacy is upheld without stifling public access to essential information is crucial for maintaining both rights and societal transparency in an increasingly interconnected world. Originality/value This study enriches the debate on data protection and freedom of expression in crime-related data processing. By addressing journalistic exemptions and the evolving media landscape, it provides a nuanced perspective on safeguarding privacy while maintaining transparency in an era of digital accessibility.