Harassment in the headache field: a global web-based cross-sectional survey.

This study investigates male sexual harassment in the workforce and its impact on key occupational outcomes, including job satisfaction, job stress, and withdrawal behaviors as well as perpetrator sex. Using archival data from a stratified random sample of 209 male faculty and staff members at a large Midwestern university, the study explores differences in how verbal and physical sexual harassment relate to these workplace variables. Findings revealed that male employees reported more instances of verbal sexual harassment than physical. Verbal sexual harassment was significantly associated with decreased job satisfaction and increased withdrawal behaviors, whereas physical sexual harassment showed no significant relation with these outcomes. Additionally, none of the harassment types were significantly related to job stress. A significant difference was found in the frequency of overall sexual harassment based on the perpetrator’s sex. These findings contribute to the limited research on male-targeted sexual harassment and highlight the importance of considering harassment type and perpetrator sex in understanding its workplace consequences.

To identify the frequency of psychological and emotional abuse, gender discrimination, verbal sexual harassment, physical sexual harassment, physical assault, and homophobia experienced by general internists. Cross-sectional survey. Canadian general internal medicine practices. The overall response rate was 70.6% (984/1,393); the 501 respondents who classified themselves as general internists were studied. Three-fourths of the internists experienced psychological and emotional abuse at the hands of patients, and 38% of the women and 26% of the men experienced physical assault by patients. The majority of the female internists experienced gender discrimination by patients (67%) and by physician peers (56%). Forty-five percent of the women experienced verbal sexual harassment by patients, and 22% experienced physical sexual harassment by patients. The male internists experienced verbal sexual harassment from nurses slightly more often than the female internists did (19% vs 13%, p > 0.05). Verbal sexual harassment by male colleagues was reported by 35% of the female internists, and physical sexual harassment was reported by 11%. Approximately 40% of general internists reported homophobic remarks by both health care team members and patients. Abuse, discrimination, and homophobia are prevalent in the internal medicine workplace. A direct, progressive, multidisciplinary approach is necessary to label and address these problems.

Sexual harassment is a prominent social issue across cultures and in all segments of society, including sport. However, there is little research on sexual harassment in different cultures. Specifically, the lack of sport research within the Hispanic-Caribbean culture limits the understanding about sexual-based behaviors occurring in sport settings. In this study six female former athletes were interviewed regarding their sexual harassment experiences and coping responses within the Puerto Rican sport culture. The group analysis found that verbal harassment (e.g., jokes, sexual remarks) was more expected and socially tolerable than physical harassment. The narratives also revealed individual differences based on situations and relationships with the harasser. Athletes' harassment coping responses included avoidance, social support, verbal confrontation, resistance, and advocacy seeking. Interestingly, these former athletes consistently connected the incidents of sexual harassment with “the typical Puerto Rican macho culture” as the root of the phenomenon, separating their experiences from other cultures.

Although over 60% of Korean acute care hospitals are small- or medium-sized, their ability to address sexual harassment may differ from larger hospitals due to differences in resources, policies, and organizational culture. This study aims to identify sexual harassment experience, coping, and awareness among nurses working in small- and medium-sized hospitals. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that collected data from 462 nurses working in nine small- and medium-sized acute care hospitals in two cities in Korea. The study utilized self-report questionnaires, including the coping with sexual harassment questionnaire, perception of sexual, and experience of sexual harassment. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance. Most nurses receive sexual harassment prevention education in the workplace every year, but only 77% of them are accurately aware of sexual harassment behavior. Among the types of sexual harassment experienced by the participants, verbal sexual harassment was the most common. Only 192 out of 462 nurses responded to the timing of their sexual harassment experience. Of those, more than 50% reported experiencing sexual harassment within the first year of employment and over 80% within 3 years. The most common perpetrators of sexual harassment were patients, followed by doctors. The more times the nurses received sexual harassment prevention education, the better they were at coping with sexual harassment. To prevent sexual harassment in the workplace, training content should be tailored because attitudes and perceptions vary based on the perpetrator's characteristics. This ensures relevance, addresses risks, and clarifies legal responsibilities. To create a healthy and safe working environment for nurses, institutions and managers should implement methods to raise awareness of sexual harassment. This may include providing anonymous hotlines, online reporting systems, regular audits, and establishing anonymous peer counseling platforms.

Association between workplace harassment and occupational injury among adult workers in the United States

This research aims to understand the phenomenon of sexual harassment against female models in Banjarnegara from the perspective of Islamic law and the Criminal Code. This research uses a qualitative research method with a case study research type. Research data was obtained through interviews with victims of sexual harassment, perpetrators of sexual harassment, victims' families, law enforcement officers, and community leaders in Banjarnegara. The research results show that sexual harassment against female models in Banjarnegara is a serious problem. Modes of sexual harassment that often occur include physical and verbal harassment. The factors behind the occurrence of sexual harassment are the perception that women are weak and powerless, patriarchal culture, and lack of law enforcement. Sanctions for sexual harassment according to Islamic law and the Criminal Code vary. In Islamic law, sexual harassment is included in the category of zina and is punishable by had. Meanwhile, in the Criminal Code, sexual harassment is regulated in Articles 281, 282, 283 and 285, with the threat of a maximum criminal penalty of two years and eight months or a maximum fine of IDR 4,500. This research recommends several steps to prevent sexual harassment against female models in Banjarnegara, including: Increasing education about gender equality and women's rights, Strengthening law enforcement against perpetrators of sexual harassment, Providing assistance and protection for victims of sexual harassment.

Large number of women is working as laborers in agricultural sector of Pakistan particularly in cotton picking, wheat harvesting, rice transplanting, and dairy sector. Gender based Violence and sexual harassment is fairly observable and reported in the formal sector of the urban areas but a research gap exists to study sexual harassment in informal sector, and particularly in agriculture sector. Present study is intended to understand the patterns and types of sexual harassment of woman laborers in agriculture sector. A sample of 250 women agricultural laborer/workers from five districts of Punjab province were selected for a face to face survey to explore the patterns of sexual harassment and its perceived impact for their health and the stigma attached to report such incidences. The views of male counterparts were obtained through key informant interviews of agricultural contractors and landlords. The results revealed that majority of the respondents faced gender based discrimination (50 %), low wages as compared to men (64 %), lack of respect (45.2 %) and negative attitudes of male workers (44 %). The data regarding verbal harassment indicated that such incidences are on the higher side (38.4 %) as compared to non-verbal (28.8 %) and physicaal (9.6 %) types of sexual harassment. The woman laborers also suffered different physical and psychological consequences of sexual harassment like; sleeping problem, depression, anxiety and isolation. However, the trend of not lodging the complaints by the victims was clearly evident i.e. 91.6 % representing the stigma and fear of disgrace associated with sexual harassment in the rural communities of Pakistan. Strong advocacy campaigns by academia and Non-governmental agencies to sensitize the rural communities are seriously required coupled with extending the purview of labor laws and harassment act of Pakistan to informal workers by policy makers.

Homelessness is a high prevalence experience among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ+) youth, and potentiates both significant morbidity and future homelessness. While educational attainment is cited as a structural solution to homelessness, limited research exists on homeless LGBQ+ youths’ schooling experiences. A nationwide, cross-sectional survey involving 4,370 cisgender LGBQ+ participants aged 14–21 was conducted to address this gap. Regression analyses showed previous homelessness was associated with an increased odds of verbal, physical and sexual bullying and harassment within school contexts. Mediation analyses confirmed the mediating role of psychological distress on the associations between physical and sexual harassment and truancy, regardless of past homelessness. Previous experiences of homelessness are not associated with increased distress in relation to bullying or harassment. However, the indirect effect of harassment on truancy was significantly more pronounced for youth with past homelessness. Our findings crucially suggest that bullying presents both direct and indirect structural risks to cisgender LGBQ+ youth, and is particularly inconducive to continued engagement with schooling for youth with experiences of homelessness. Interventions aiming to address truancy among this group should aim to reduce the incidence of bullying within educational settings, whilst also providing assistance for managing the challenges associated with experiencing homelessness.

ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to provide estimates of both overall and specific forms of sexual harassment among male and female college and university students.Design and settingData stem...

Verbal abuse is a criminal act in the form of writing and speech that directly affects a person's psychology (feeling hurt). There are many types of verbal harassment, but this study only focuses on types of verbal harassment such as body shaming, sexual harassment, humiliation and blasphemy. Verbal harassment can occur in real life or through social media such as Instagram. This research is a qualitative research with content analysis method. The theory used in this research is self-disclosure, so that the results will show how the transsexuals express themselves and have an impact on the verbal harassment they receive. The object of research is the TRANSPUAN digital page with a total of five people, namely: Millen Cyrus, Ian Hugen, Dena Rachman, Melly Bradley and Gebby Vesta. The results showed that Gebby Vesta got the most dominant form of verbal abuse compared to other TRANSPUAN, because the display of Self Disclosure in his Instagram media clearly shows his identity as a TRANSPUAN wrapped in sexual content. The forms of verbal violence received by the five TRANSPUANES were bodyshamming, sexual harassment, humiliation and blasphemy.

Purpose: This article examines factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the past 12 months among lesbian, gay, bisexual, pansexual, queer, asexual, or other non-heterosexual identifying youth (LGBQA+). Methods: A national Australian cross-sectional online survey was conducted involving 4370 cisgender LGBQA+ participants aged 14-21 years from September to October 2019. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine significant factors associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in the past 12 months. Research ethics approval for the WTI4 study was granted by the La Trobe University Human Research Ethics Committee and the ACON Research Ethics Review Committee. Results: Overall, 56.4% of participants reported suicidal ideation and 8.9% a suicide attempt in the past 12 months. Multivariable regression results show that participants aged younger than 18 years, lesbian (compared with gay) identifying, those living in rural or remote locations (compared with inner city), those reporting any verbal, physical, or sexual harassment or assault based on sexual orientation or gender identity, or who had a religious family or household, or had experienced conversion practices in the past 12 months reported higher levels of suicidal ideation or suicide attempts. Those who reported feeling part of their school reported lower levels of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: High levels of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among young LGBQA+ people in Australia highlight a need for the ongoing inclusion of LGBQA+ youth as a priority population for suicide prevention. The findings illustrate key factors associated with a greater risk of suicidality among young LGBQA+ people. These findings can be used to inform the provision of tailored support services, including culturally safe suicide prevention programs and efforts to address stigma, discrimination, and conversion practices.

Sexual Harassment (SH) is a global phenomenon and a pervasive problem that affects thousands of students in learning institutions daily yet there are few studies exploring its effect on students’ self-esteem especially from the Kenyan context. Sexual harassment is also considered a risk factor for lifelong problems including psychological ill-health and poor self-esteem. The purpose of this study was to describe and explore sexual harassment in and its effect on students’ self-esteem. The study was done in selected public and private secondary schools in 2 purposively sampled Counties in Kenya. The study was guided by a theoretical framework based on Finkelhor and Browne’s Traumagenic Dynamics Model. The design of the study was descriptive survey targeting 23,659 students, 88 Deputy Principals and 88 Heads of G/C. Samples were obtained through purposive and proportionate simple random sampling. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected using a School Sexual Harassment Questionnaire (SSHQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), interview and Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) guides. Content validity was determined by seeking expert judgments. Cronbach alpha technique was used to measure the reliability of the research instruments. Quantitative data were analyzed both descriptively and inferentially using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while qualitative data were analyzed based on emerging themes and presented in narrative and verbatim forms. Findings indicated that verbal sexual harassment had a significant effect on students’ self-esteem whereas effects of physical and visual sexual harassment were not statistically significant. Keywords: Sexual harassment, forms, students’ self-esteem, effect DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-21-06 Publication date :July 31 st 2019

Nursing has dealt with sexual harassment long before the term was coined during the 1970s. The current study investigated sexual harassment of nurses and nursing students in Israel following new legislation against sexual harassment in the workplace. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 281 nurses and 206 nursing students (80% women) from five medical centres in Israel. Seven types of sexual harassment behaviour patterns were evaluated. Frequency of sexual harassment decreased as the behaviour became more intimate and offensive. Ninety percent of subjects reported experiencing at least one type of sexual harassment and 30% described at least four types. A significant difference was found between nurses and nursing students. Furthermore, "severe" types of behaviour were experienced by 33% of nurses, in comparison with 23% of nursing students. Women were significantly more exposed than men to "mild" and "moderate" types of sexual harassment, while 35% of men vs. 26% of women were exposed to "severe" types of harassment. However, women responded significantly more assertively than men to "severe" sexual harassment. Particular attention is needed when sexual harassment occurs to male students and nurses because they may be subjected to the more offensive sexual conducts and at the same time may lack the ability to respond assertively.

Despite the pervasiveness of workplace sexual harassment, the connection between sexual harassment and job satisfaction in the news industry remains insufficiently researched. This 16-country and one state study (N = 1583) sampled news personnel from Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Arab region. The results expand current knowledge by examining understudied countries, measuring the impact of sexual harassment on job satisfaction, and evaluating differences in how people perceive gender equality in the news industry. Results show that both verbal and physical sexual harassment are common, underreported, and impact job satisfaction—challenging common misconceptions that there are only few cases of “real” sexual harassment with negative consequences. Sub-Saharan African countries had the lowest job satisfaction and the highest experienced sexual harassment. Southeast Asia had the highest job satisfaction and the lowest experienced sexual harassment. Men had higher levels of job satisfaction and gender equality perceptions than women. The results also highlight power imbalances that reinforce gendered hierarchies.

Part I of this Note argues that commentators like Browne and some courts have mischaracterized the harm of verbal sexual harassment as mere "offense." Rather, the true harm of a sexually hostile environment created by words and expressive conduct extends beyond offense, emotional distress, and economic displacement; at bottom, the harm is equality-deprivation. Part II explains how a sexually hostile environment is equality-depriving by arguing that words which create a sexually hostile environment must be understood in historical and social context. Words can be used not only to communicate ideas but also to perform acts of coercion and sexual abuse. Furthermore, sexually abusive speech must be understood in its institutional context. The workplace is the dominant institution in the lives of most adult citizens. It is a community that not only provides financial sustenance but also serves an identity-forming function. How a worker is perceived and treated in the workplace is related intimately to the formation of his or her self-identity. Sexually abusive speech in the workplace proves to be equality-depriving in the sense that it creates a communally shared set of meanings, a workplace ethos, that defines a harassment victim as inferior to her opposite sex counterpart. Part III argues that the workplace should be viewed as a public sphere in which the democratic process matters. Decisions that have broad societal impact are made in the workplace. If democracy in this country is to mean more than the occasional vote for a public official, workers should have a greater role and voice in workplace governance. Affording workers a greater voice in order to democratize the workplace, however, does not entail the toleration of sexually abusive expression. Such toleration would only substitute one hierarchy, management over labor, for another, male over female, or vice versa. An employee's ability to be heard in the workplace democracy must not be impeded by a workplace ethos- that devalues another employee's humanity. Part IV explores why the regulation of verbal sexual harassment in the workplace meets constitutional challenges. The regulation of sexually abusive speech in private workplaces is no more problematic from a constitutional perspective than the regulation of other types of coercive speech in the traditional labor and public employee contexts. In those contexts, courts balance free speech interests, of employees against statutory and common-law interests such as industrial harmony and workplace efficiency. Following the balancing approach adopted in the labor and public employee contexts, courts concerned about encroaching on employee free speech in hostile environment cases should balance any free speech interest in the alleged verbal sexual harassment against the compelling governmental interest in ensuring sex equality. A balancing of free speech and equality interests often should favor the prohibition from the workplace of sexually stereotyped comments, epithets, propositions, and pornography. The few cases in which the Supreme Court has simultaneously addressed the First Amendment and equality interests reveal a precedent of not forsaking equality to foster an absolutist position on freedom of speech. Part IV also argues that recent Supreme Court decisions have suggested that the restriction of sexually abusive workplace speech may be legal as a content-neutral regulation of equality-depriving conduct. Hostile environment law is constitutional because it targets equality-depriving conduct generally rather than focusing on particular messages or ideas. Finally, Part V explores the sweep of hostile environment law, and illustrates that as a content-neutral regulation of equality-depriving conduct, it is neither unconstitutionally overbroad nor vague. This Note concludes that sexual harassment in the workplace is not only sexual abuse but also constitutes equality-depriving conduct. Consequently, it can be regulated without offending the First Amendment protection of free speech.