Hardness and friction performance of poly(methylmethacrylate)/ biphasic calcium phosphate coating on steel

13C NMR and Raman studies of a series of polymeric samples of fullerene-grafted poly(methyl methacrylate), which were prepared by systematic variation of concentration of fullerene and methyl methacrylate, are described. 13C NMR spectral analysis of the polymeric samples showed a peak for fullerene at 138 δppm and for poly(methyl methacrylate) between 169 and 177 δppm, and Raman spectral analysis of the polymeric samples gave the Raman shift for fullerene between 1400 and 1600 cm−1 and poly(methyl methacrylate) at 2800 cm−1. The T g value, obtained from DSC results, showed a high glass transition temperature at 305.7°C, revealing the presence of fullerene in the polymeric matrix.

In this study, poly(methyl methacrylate)/p-phenylenediamine-graphene oxide, poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene, and poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene oxide nanocomposite series were prepared using simple solution blending technique. In poly(methyl methacrylate)/p-phenylenediamine-graphene oxide series, graphene oxide modified with p-phenylenediamine was used to improve its dispersion and interfacial strength with matrix. Morphology study of poly(methyl methacrylate)/p-phenylenediamine-graphene oxide nanocomposite revealed better dispersion of p-phenylenediamine-graphene oxide flakes and gyroid patterning of poly(methyl methacrylate) over the filler surface. Due to nonconducting nature of graphene oxide, there was no significant variation in the thermal or electrical conductivity of these nanocomposites. Thermal conductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate)/p-phenylenediamine-graphene oxide 1.5 was 1.16 W/mK, while the electrical conductivity was found to be 2.3 × 10−3 S/cm.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer has unlocked new frontiers in the field of nanotechnology and is suitable for a wide range of applications. However, its optical band gap limits its use in optoelectronics. This study aims to ascertain the influence of varying montmorillonite and magnetite ratios on the optical properties of electrospun PMMA nanofibres produced from solution. The nanofibres were characterised using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), spectroscopic ellipsometry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). XRD analysis revealed the successful incorporation of magnetite and montmorillonite within the PMMA matrix, with diameters ranging from 203 to 328 nm. The incorporation of magnetite and montmorillonite altered the light absorption characteristics of PMMA, resulting in increased absorption in the ultraviolet and visible light regions compared to pristine PMMA and a reduction in the optical band gap from 4.9 eV to 2.5 eV. These findings suggest that PMMA is a suitable host matrix for montmorillonite and magnetite. The observed properties also indicate the suitability of the produced materials for optoelectronic applications, including chemical sensors and protective UV coatings.

Carbonization of poly(methyl methacrylate), which was prepared by polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated with 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) in the presence of 0-380 mmol/l of Mg(ClO4)2, has been studied. It was found that Mg(ClO4)2 accelerates both methyl methacrylate polymerization and polymer decomposition at 300-700 °C. The decomposition is accompanied with an increased carbonization. Carbonized samples are paramagnetic; the paramagnetic particle concentration increases with increasing perchlorate concentration and temperature, respectively.

In this paper, a design of Ultra Wide-Band microstrip antenna based on circular microstrip patch for solar cell is proposed. In solar antenna design, researchers used several types of substrates materials in constructing the antenna. Two types of substrates that analyze and study by the researcher are Polyimide and Poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer matrix substrates. For this specific research study, the designed and analyzed methodology is conducted using CST microwave studio software using two types of substrates which are polyimide (Lossy) with dielectric constant equal to εr = 3.5 and Poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer matrix with dielectric constant equal to ϵr = 4.9. This analysis is to compare the bandwidth performance of polyimide and Poly (methyl methacrylate) polymer matrix substrate that been use in solar antenna’s studies by many researches. For these types of research analysis, the aim of this study specifically to have a material that gives high performance in bandwidth. Choosing of suitable material as the substrates also one of the ways to improve the antenna design performances. Broader bandwidth will have the capability to transfer higher data rates. Performances characteristics of the microstrip circular patch antenna of each of the substrates materials designs are also obtained and compared.

Graft copolymers with the main polyimide chain and side chains of poly(n-butyl acrylate), poly(tert-butyl acrylate), poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(tert-butyl methacrylate), polystyrene, and polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization on the multicenter polyimide macroinitiators in the presence of the halide complexes of univalent copper with nitrogen-containing ligands. Polymerization of metha-crylates is most efficiently developed on the polyimide macroinitiators. The obtained graft copolymers initiate the secondary polymerization (“post-polymerization”) of methyl methacrylate. The conditions of detachment of side chains of graft polymethacrylates that do not involve the ester groups of their monomeric units were found. The molecular mass characteristics of the graft copolymers and isolated polymers, being the detached side chains of the copolymers, were determined. The detached side chains of different chemical structures have low values of the polydispersity index. The procedure developed was used for the preparation of new graft polyimides with side chains of poly-4-nitro-4′-[N-methylacryloyloxyethyl-N′-ethyl]amino-azobenzene that cause the nonlinear optical properties and with the side chains of poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) that cause the thermosensitive properties of the copolymers.

Formation of poly(methyl methacrylate)-ZnO nanoparticle quantum dot composites by dispersion polymerization in supercritical CO2

Characteristics of picosecond laser processing for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are studied in this text. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can be applied to micro- or nano-scale electronic devices. Short-pulsed laser is usually used for noncontact processing of nanoscale patterning of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). This study considers optical energy of laser to be transferred into decomposition energy of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Using the condition of the energy balance at the decomposition interface, the variation of the ablation rate with the logarithm of the laser fluence is calculated for poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and agrees with the measured data. This study also discusses parametric effects of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on the variation of the ablation rate with the logarithm of the laser fluence.

Hydroxy-telechelic poly(methyl methacrylate)s of molecular weights below 5000 were obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate followed by end-capping with allyl alcohol via atom transfer radical addition (ATRA). As initiators for the ATRP, monofunctional initiators with an additional hydroxy group in the molecule or bifunctional initiators were employed. The successful synthesis of the hydroxy-telechelic PMMA was proved by determination of their molecular weight using MALDI-TOF-MS. The efficiency of the end-capping reaction was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy using the allyl N-(4-tolyl)carbamate as end-capping agent. Block copolymers comprising a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) block and a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block were prepared by ATRP using a macroinitiator on the PEO basis. The dormant species of the macroinitiator consists of the phenyl chloroacetate moiety which shows a high rate of initiation. The successful synthesis of the poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) was proved by 1H NMR spectroscopy; the ratios of EO/MMA repeating units in the feed and the copolymer were nearly equal.

The reaction of cadmium, manganese, and lead trifluoroacetates with thioacetamide in methyl methacrylate yielded colloidal solutions of metal sulfides with different Cd(II): Mn(II): Pb(II) molar ratios. The colloidal particles were separated from solutions and examined by electron microscopy. Glassy polymer composites poly(methyl methacrylate):Cd(Mn)S and poly(methyl methacrylate):Cd(Mn,Pb)S were prepared by thermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the bulk. The transmittance of the composites at wavelengths larger than 480 nm is 92% at the sample thickness of 0.40 cm. The luminescence of the composites in the visible range is associated with cadmium sulfide. The corresponding absorption bands were recorded in the luminescence excitation spectra in the wavelength interval 300–450 nm. The effect of the matrix, Mn(II) and Pb(II) ions, and synthesis conditions on the absorption and luminescence properties of the composites was determined.

Wear of Poly (methyl methacrylate), PMMA, against a metallic surface, AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) has been investigated in dry conditions. These materials have been used to simulate the degradation of the contact, femoral stem‐bone cement in the field of hip prosthesis. First of all, no significant wear was observed on the 316L SS. PMMA wear has been quantified: the energy wear coefficient, slope of the line, and wear volume according to the cumulated dissipated energy, don't depend on the normal load, F N . This energy analysis allows predicting the PMMA wear depth. According to the comparison between the measured dissipated energy and the energy breaking polymer chains, mechanical dissipated energy is used essentially to transform third body structure and to expel it from the contact between the two materials. Moreover, the experimental results have highlighted the stick‐slip phenomenon. Lastly, Attenuated Total Reflectance‐Fourier Transform InfraRed and Reflection Absorption‐Fourier Transform InfraRed have shown that PMMA debris configuration and conformation have changed after wear against 316L SS. The driving force of these changes seems to be the acid–base interactions between PMMA and hydroxyl groups of the SS surface. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:633–648, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) is an important acrylic thermoplastic polymer. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is a transparent and rigid synthetic plastic. There has been growing interest in developing high performance poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposites. This article reviews a few important poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposites and composites. An extended account of the poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites with carbonaceous nanofillers and fillers is given. The physical properties and how to manufacture poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon nanotube, poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon black, and poly(methyl methacrylate)/carbon fiber materials are appraised. The research so far shows that the mechanical, thermal, conducting, and microstructural performances improved compared with pure poly(methyl methacrylate). In order to further enhance the poly(methyl methacrylate) material performance, chemically modifying the carbonaceous fillers and chemical affinity with the polymer matrix are necessary. The main challenges here are to obtain well-dispersed, aligned, and easily processable poly(methyl methacrylate)-based composites. Poly(methyl methacrylate)-based nanocomposite applications are also reviewed in an attempt to facilitate progress in this emerging area. These materials are potential candidates in electromagnetic interference shielding, gas sensors, separation membranes, tissue engineering, and drug delivery applications.

Morphologic and optical studies were performed on the coloring of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) opal sheet. It was concluded that the origin of color is the polymer structure itself. There exist three structures in the colored polymer blend: small PS spheres are dispersed in the PMMA matrix, and each PS sphere contains smaller PMMA spheres within it. The dimension of the smaller PMMA spheres is of the same order as the wavelength of visible or near‐infrared light. The coloring measured by a spectrometer is well interpreted by the equation of structural color derived by Clewell qualitatively.

Polymer grafted reduced graphene oxide sheets for improving stress transfer in polymer composites

Graft copolymers were prepared by the radical‐initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate in aqueous slurries of granular corn starch. High conversions of monomer were realized, giving products which were readily recovered by filtration. The products were free‐flowing, white powders, which by microscopic examination looked much like granular starch. Grafting was demonstrated by extracting the granular products with ethylene dichloride, which in most instances removed only a minor part of the poly(methyl methacrylate). When azoisobutyronitrile was used for initiation, a high conversion of monomer resulted, but about 90% of the polymer was extractable with ethylene dichloride. Further evidence for grafting was obtained by extraction of predissolved product, prepared by dissolving the granular product in dimethyl sulfoxide, to destroy the structure of the starch granules, and precipitating with alcohol. The fractions soluble in ethylene dichloride contained significant amounts of carbohydrate. Similar treatment of product prepared with azoisobutyronitrile initiation or of physical blends of starch and poly(methyl methacrylate) gave much more efficient separation of starch from PMMA. Failure to obtain grafting with AIBN initiation suggests that grafting occurs mainly as a result of attack on starch by radicals generated by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide or organic hydroperoxide with ferrous iron. Acid hydrolysis of the products removed the starch. The PMMA so recovered typically had viscosity‐average molecular weights of the order of 106, which suggests the grafts contained very long branch chains of PMMA attached at very infrequent intervals.