Helicoidal graphene nanoribbons: Chiraltronics

Effects of electric field on pool boiling heat transfer over microstructured surfaces under different liquid subcoolings

Study of the effect of DC high-voltage electric fields on the regression rate of PMMA

The effect of an external static electric field on the grain growth in nanocrystalline Cu films was studied at different annealing temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction indicate that the grain growth in Cu films is accelerated with various rates by an external electric field at different annealing temperatures. It is found that there is a coupling effect from the external electric and temperature fields on grain growth in Cu films during annealing. The growth rate is accelerated proportional to a factor $f(E)\ensuremath{\cdot}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{T/100\text{ }\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\text{C}}$, which is determined from the theoretical derivation. The analysis indicates that the enhanced grain growth is achieved by the effect of the electric field on the vacancies migration and dislocation climb along grain boundaries.

Electric field effect on the critical current of SNS contact

The effects of combined external electric and magnetic fields on elastic collisions in ultracold Li-Rb mixtures are studied using recently obtained experimentally verified potentials. Our analysis provides both quantitative predictions for and a detailed physical interpretation of the phenomena arising from electric-field-induced interactions. It is shown that the electric field shifts the positions of intrinsic magnetic Feshbach resonances, generates copies of resonances previously restricted to a particular partial-wave collision to other partial-wave channels, and splits Feshbach resonances into multiple resonances for states of nonzero angular momenta. It was recently observed that the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction can also lift the degeneracy of a $p$-wave state splitting of the associated $p$-wave Feshbach resonance into two distinct resonances at different magnetic fields. Our work shows that the splitting of the resonances produced by an applied electric field is more than 1 order of magnitude larger. This phenomenon offers a complementary way to produce and tune an anisotropic interaction and to study its effect on the many-body physics of heteronuclear atomic gases.

Effects of an electric field on the dynamical behavior of the ionospheres and its application to the storm time disturbance of the F-layer

Effect of electric field and water on Pd-based catalyst for complete oxidation of methane: Study on promotion and deactivation

The effect of corona electric field on the surface of Pr-doped ZnTe thin film was studied. The device which can produce the high-voltage corona electric field is developed and used. The V-A characteristics of positive and negative corona discharge between the adjacent needle plates were measured. Whether positive or negative corona discharge, the corona discharge current of the plate is increased with the applied voltage increasing; the voltage range of negative corona discharge is wider than that of the positive corona discharge, meanwhile under the same applied voltage, the negative corona discharge current is bigger, not only its curve is smooth, but also its discharge is stable. The thermal effect of electric field is small. The electric field strength is 7.0 kV•cm-1. By atomic force microscope, it is found that the size of particles becomes large and uniform, and the surface becomes rough with electric field treatment. The measurement results reveal that the average radius of particles is 108.70nm before the effect and 227.27nm after the effect. By UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, it is found that a strong optical absorption peak appears at the region of 220 - 250nm with electric field treatment. This means that the stronger light absorption peak turn out a blue shift under the effect of electric field. The phenomenon of the blue shift proves that the high-voltage corona electric field has an impact on the band gap of the film. The voltage range of the negative corona discharge is wide and stable. The thermal effect produced by the high-voltage corona electric field on the sample is very small, so usually it can be ignored. The high-voltage corona electric field can change the surface morphology of some films, makes the current density of the sample location increase in a small cross section. The negative high-voltage corona discharge should well be used to research in biophysics such as the transgenic plants. High-voltage corona discharge mutagenesis has become a new physical mutation technique. Introduction

Our previous results on the nonperturbative calculations of the mean current and of the energy-momentum tensor in QED with the $T$-constant electric field are generalized to arbitrary dimensions. The renormalized mean values are found, and the vacuum polarization contributions and particle creation contributions to these mean values are isolated in the large $T$ limit; we also relate the vacuum polarization contributions to the one-loop effective Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian. Peculiarities in odd dimensions are considered in detail. We adapt general results obtained in $2+1$ dimensions to the conditions which are realized in the Dirac model for graphene. We study the quantum electronic and energy transport in the graphene at low carrier density and low temperatures when quantum interference effects are important. Our description of the quantum transport in the graphene is based on the so-called generalized Furry picture in QED where the strong external field is taken into account nonperturbatively; this approach is not restricted to a semiclassical approximation for carriers and does not use any statistical assumptions inherent in the Boltzmann transport theory. In addition, we consider the evolution of the mean electromagnetic field in the graphene, taking into account the backreaction of the matter field to the applied external field. We find solutions of the corresponding Dirac-Maxwell set of equations and with their help we calculate the effective mean electromagnetic field and effective mean values of the current and the energy-momentum tensor. The nonlinear and linear $I\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}V$ characteristics experimentally observed in both low- and high-mobility graphene samples are quite well explained in the framework of the proposed approach, their peculiarities being essentially due to the carrier creation from the vacuum by the applied electric field.

In-situ activity of α-amylase in the presence of controlled-frequency moderate electric fields

The effects of static and pulsed electric fields on the multiphoton ionization (MPI) of rubidium atoms at both low (atomic beam) and high (heat pipe) densities are studied using tunable OPO lasers. Two-photon excitation of np states is induced by the external electric field at both low and high densities. In addition, np signal is also seen at very low electric fields in the heat pipe, providing evidence for collision mixing as well as field mixing. At low Rb densities strong resonance features are observed in the energy region between the zero field limit (IP) and the field ionization limit. In addition, collisional detachment and charge transfer between excited ns and nd Rb Rydberg states and nozzle-jet cooled polar molecules (acetonitrile and acetone) are studied under crossed-beam conditions. The formation of dipole bound anions for acetone is only seen under nozzle jet expansion conditions and the maximum in the Rydberg electron transfer (RET) rate versusn depends upon the expansion gas (\(n_{\rm max}\) increases in the order H2, He, Ne, Ar, Xe). For acetone (low dipole moment and large \(n_{\rm max}\)), collisional detachment dominates the charge transfer, whereas for acetonitrile (high dipole moment and low \(n_{\rm max}\)), charge transfer is seen to dominate the creation of Rb+.

Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the adsorption behaviors of H2 in B/C/N sheets (including BCN, BC2N, and BC3N) and discuss the effect of external electric fields on H2 adsorbed for BCN and BC2N sheets. For a single H2 adsorbed on BCN and BC2N sheets, the adsorption energy increases dramatically with the electric field intensity increasing, and the maximum adsorption energy can reach 0.55 eV in the electric field of F = 0.050 a.u. and one layer H2 can adsorb on BCN and BC2N sheets, corresponding to the maximum hydrogen storage capacity of 5.1 wt%. The average adsorption energy calculated larger than that of in the field-free case.

Electromechanical properties of multi-walled carbon nanotube/gelatin hydrogel composites: effects of aspect ratios, electric field, and temperature.

We are interested in the effect of a constant electric field on the electronic structure of a crystal. We model it by a density-functional theory, and derive from this microscopic model macroscopic features of the system by letting the ratio $\varepsilon $ between atomic spacing and the size of the crystal go to zero. Although many aspects are disregarded in this approach, we show that the effect of the electric field is negligible inside the crystal and estimate its vanishing rate with respect to the distance from the boundary of the crystal.

Voltage controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) is an efficient way to manipulate the magnetization states in nanomagnets, promising for low-power spintronic applications. The underlying physical mechanism for VCMA is known to involve a change in the d-orbital occupation on the transition metal interface atoms with an applied electric field. However, a simple qualitative picture of how this occupation controls the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) and even why in certain cases the MCA has opposite sign still remains elusive. In this paper, we exploit a simple model of orbital populations to elucidate a number of features typical for the interface MCA and the effect of electric field on it, for 3d transition metal thin films used in magnetic tunnel junctions. We find that in all considered cases including the Fe (001) surface, clean Fe1-xCox(001)/MgO interface and oxidized Fe(001)/MgO interface, the effects of alloying and electric field enhance the MCA energy with electron depletion which is largely explained by the occupancy of the minority-spin dxz,yz orbitals. On the other hand, the hole doped Fe(001) exhibits an inverse VCMA, where the MCA enhancement is achieved when electrons are accumulated at the Fe (001)/MgO interface with applied electric field. In this regime we predict a significantly enhanced VCMA which exceeds 1pJ/Vm. Realizing this regime experimentally may be favorable for a practical purpose of voltage driven magnetization reversal.