High Step-up Converter with Partial Energy Processing for Livestock Stunning Applications

This paper presents a novel soft-switching push-pull converter associated with a full-bridge inverter for caprahircas stunning applications. The soft-switching converter is formed by introducing coupled inductors to a conventional push-pull converter, which can achieve zero-voltage switching at turn-on transition. Compared with the conventional push-pull converter, the proposed converter can raise efficiency of 11% under full load condition. In the paper, mechanism of caprahircas stunning is first reviewed and then, the desired stunning voltage waveforms and parameter auto-tuning algorithm are proposed. Performance measurements from a prototype have verified the parameter auto-tunning algorithm and feasibility of the overall system design. Coma effectiveness and meat quality of caprahircas have been also verified by brain waves and carcass quality analysis.

High step-up DC-DC converters are widely used in many industrial appliances and recently introduced in renewable energy systems and automotive applications due to their high voltage gain capability. Nevertheless, current high step-up converters often employ additional circuitry with the purpose of increasing the voltage gain. Consequently, the converter will be bulky, heavy and expensive, because the use of these additional passive and active components influences the power density and the cost of the whole application. Therefore, the well-known techniques of interleaving phases and magnetic coupling are applied in a novel high step-up converter with the purpose of helping tackle these problems. Using these techniques, high voltage gain and reduction of circuit elements can be achieved. In this paper, the operating principle of this converter is summarized and the voltage gain is analyzed. Moreover, the analyzed topology is compared with several outstanding high step-up converters recently proposed that use the concept of interleaving phases and magnetic coupling. Finally, the analyzed converter was experimentally tested and the effectiveness in terms of higher voltage gain and number of components than the current topologies is validated.

In this paper, an integrated three-voltage-booster DC-DC (direct current to direct current) converter is proposed to achieve high voltage gain for renewable-energy generation systems. The proposed converter integrates three voltage-boosters into one power stage, which is composed of an active switch, a coupled-inductor, five diodes, and five capacitors. As compared with conventional high step-up converters, it has a lower component count. In addition, the features of leakage-energy recycling and switching loss reduction can be accomplished for conversion efficiency improvement. While the active switch is turned off, the converter can inherently clamp the voltage across power switch and suppress voltage spikes. Moreover, the reverse-recovery currents of all diodes can be alleviated by leakage inductance. A 200 W prototype operating at 100 kHz switching frequency with 36 V input and 400 V output is implemented to verify the theoretical analysis and to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed high step-up DC-DC converter.

The main theme of this paper is to propose a novel switching control method for bridgeless PFC converter to improve the efficiency by reducing both switching and conduction losses. Comparing to the conventional method, the power device is always on (no switching loss) to provide a current path via the turn-on resistor of MOSFET to reduce conduction losses under light load condition. As the load increases, the power device is always off (no switching loss) to provide a current path via the body diode of MOSFET to reduce conduction losses under heavy load condition. In this paper, both simulation and experimental results will be shown to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed switching control method. Test results derived from a digital-controlled 1.2 kW PFC show the efficiency improvement can go up to 0.73% and 0.57% under full load and light load conditions, respectively. It will also be confirmed this efficiency improvement has no impact on the power factor and just simply changing the switching control method. Both measured steady state and transient waveforms will be shown for confirmation.

In the conventional dc-dc converter, two sets of diode and adjacent passive component connected in X-shape can be applied to enhance voltage boost or buck capability, which is more suitable for high step-up or high step-down power conversion. This paper mainly investigates and compares conventional dc-dc converters and a family of diode-assisted dc-dc converter in wide range power conversion from aspects of silicon device, passive components requirements and efficiency. Then, a comprehensive comparison example of high step-up power conversion for power supply applications in future commercial aircrafts was carried out under the same operation conditions. Mathematical analysis and experiment results verify that diode-assisted dc-dc converters are very promising for high efficiency and high step-up or high step-down power applications.

This paper proposes a new soft switching synchronous Buck converter to provide complete ZVS conditions for both high and low side MOSFETs under the light- or no-load, as well as full load conditions. In the continuous conduction mode (CCM) with a heavy load current condition, the high side MOSFET is generally turned ON while the body diode of low side MOSFET is in the conducting condition in a dead-time region, which causes switching loss in the high side MOSFET. A proposed soft-switching Buck converter consists of the conventional synchronous Buck converter with additional L and C. By using a resonance with the additional L and C, the inductor current in CCM can be effectively commutated from the low side body diode to the high side body diode of the two MOSFETs during the dead time region. The detailed modes of operation with experimental results are provided to verify performance.

In this paper a novel high step-up multilevel boost converter using double voltage-lift switched-inductor (D-VLSI) cell is proposed. Series connection of conventional DC-DC boost converter is not a proper solution to achieve high voltage gain. Thus, DC-DC multilevel converters are employed to achieve high voltage gain. The proposed high step-up multilevel boost converter is a combination of double voltage-lift switched-inductor (D-VLSI) cell and voltage multiplier cell. In this paper double voltage-lift switched-inductor (D-VLSI) cell is used to enhance the step-up capability of multilevel DC-DC converter. Two switches, 2N+3 diodes, 2N+1 capacitor and two inductors are required to design the proposed N-level high step-up multilevel boost converter topology. Proposed high step-up multilevel converter circuit can be designed by using low voltage rating devices because blocking voltage across each power devices is low. The main advantage of proposed converter circuit is high voltage is achieved without using transformer, coupled inductor and high duty cycle. The gain of proposed multilevel converter is depends upon the duty ratio and levels present in voltage multiplier cell. Proposed DC-DC converter is designed for unidirectional power transfer applications. The proposed high step-up multilevel converter has been designed for three levels with rated power 300W, output voltage is 324V, input supply voltage is 12V, and switching frequency is 50kHz. The proposed high step-up multilevel converter circuit is simulated in MATLAB/SEVIULINK.

A low-cost isolated high step-up dc-dc converter with a single switch and multiple output cells is proposed. The magnetizing inductance of the multiple-winding transformer and a multitude of capacitors are used to form a parallel LC resonant link. The capacitors create a Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition at turn-on and turn-off and reduce the switching losses of the switch and diodes. Rate of voltage change (dv/dt) on all semiconductors is limited by the link capacitors, and the diodes turn off with suppressed reverse recovery transients. The converter requires no auxiliary clamps or switches to achieve soft-switching. An analytical approach is developed to establish a relationship between link parameters, input and output voltages, and link frequency. Experimental results on a 60 V to 600 V converter at 250 W are included to corroborate the design and operation.

A 3-level boost converter substantiates integration and miniaturization by enabling higher voltage operation with lower voltage technology process, i.e. 2.5V devices are implemented to generate a maximum of 5V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> , and concurrently providing inductor size reduction. However, flying capacitor balancing across a wide load and conversion range remains a challenge. This work proposes an auto-capacitor-balancing pulse frequency modulation (ACC-PFM) controller, combining peak and valley current mode control for continuous high step-up power conversion along with full-range V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> regulation and embedded capacitor balancing. Moreover, a proposed delay-equalized level shifter generates duty ratios with only sub-ns deviations, resolving asymmetrical rising and falling delays that induce capacitor imbalance. It ensures the full-range operation for more than 90MHz inductor current frequency. This prototype is implemented in a 65nm CMOS process with 0.28mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area. Measurement results show that the converter achieves >7X step-up conversion and 96.8% peak efficiency, operating from 0.3-3.0V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> to 2.4-5.0V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> with 83mA peak output current.

In this paper, an integrated double boost SEPIC (IDBS) converter is proposed as a high step-up converter. The proposed converter utilizes a single controlled power switch and two inductors and is able to provide high voltage gain without extreme switch duty-cycle. The two inductors can be coupled into one core for reducing the input current ripple without affecting the basic DC characteristic of the converter. Moreover, the voltage stresses across all the semiconductors are less than half of the output voltage. The reduced voltage stress across the power switch enables the use of a lower voltage and RDS-ON MOSFET switch, which will further reduce the conduction losses. Whereas, the low voltage stress across the diodes allows the use of Schottky rectifiers for alleviating the reverse-recovery current problem, leading to a further reduction in the switching and conduction losses. A detailed circuit analysis is performed to derive the design equations. A design example for a 100 W/240 Vdc with 24 Vdc input voltage is provided. The feasibility of the converter is confirmed with results obtained from simulation and an experimental prototype.KeywordsIntegrated DC–DC convertersNon-isolated DC–DC convertersSingle-switch DC–DC converters

High step-up dc-dc converters are predominantly used for interfacing low-voltage renewable sources including solar photovoltaic (SPV), fuel-cells, and DC microgrid. Several high gain topologies reported in the literature to integrate such sources, however, suffer from issues such as limited voltage boosting factor, higher device voltage stress, inability to deal with wide input voltage variations, increased device count, discontinuous input current, and so on. To address the aforementioned limitations, this article proposes a modified high gain converter. This is achieved by methodically adjusting the Z-source (ZS) converter to obtain high gain while lowering voltage stress and device count. As a result, switches with lower on-state resistance <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(R_{ds(on)})$</tex> are employed, which facilitates reduced switching losses and enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, while drawing continuous input current, the converter has improved efficiency at lower duty ratios, which is a crucial aspect of an SPV interface converter. The implemented topology performed well when compared to similar recent topologies. Eventually, experimental waveforms validate the theoretical claims and analysis. A 93.5% peak converter efficiency has been obtained.

High step-up gain Coupled Inductor Boost Converter (CIBC) discovers application in Distributed Generation System (DGS) to step-up voltage level of renewable energy sources. In DGS system, high step-up CIBC with a regulated output voltage and faster dynamic operation is required at various local loads. Transfer function of CIBC has one zero on Right Hand Plane (RHP). It is difficult to achieve high bandwidth when system has Non-Minimum Phase (NMP) characteristic. Peak Current Mode (PCM) control is the well-known technique to improve dynamic response in DC-DC converters. To design feedback controller and to analysis behaviour of CIBC, small signal model of CIBC is required. This paper presents small signal control-to-output voltage transfer function for PCM control of CIBC. Effect of artificial ramp is considered in derivation of this small signal model. A state space averaging method is used to derive small signal model. PI controller is designed using root locus technique. Time and frequency response of Voltage Mode Control (VMC) and PCM control of CIBC are compared. PCM control improves transient response and stability margin of CIBC for wide range of load variations. It also reduces effect of RHP zero. Simulation of CIBC using PCM control to get regulated output voltage is done in PSIM. Simulation results demonstrate that CIBC is able to get desire dynamic and steady state response of output voltage using PCM control under dynamic load conditions.

This paper presents an alternative of pulse width modulation flyboost converter to achieve a regulated high voltage high power direct current power supply. The proposed flyboost converter in this paper composed with a conventional boost converter and flyback converter, which generated energy from the boost inductor during an off time period. Thus the higher-gain converter can be achieved in the proposed flyboost converter by the summation of both output voltage, boost and flyback converter. The circuit configurations, basic principle operation, mathematics analysis, design consideration and testing results of the proposed high gain step-up flyboost converter were described in detail. Finally, the results of a 20–30V input, 100V 100W output switched at 150 kHz flyboost converter, which was designed in this paper, showed the effectiveness of the converter was 87.26% and 2.76% of voltage regulation respectively.

This paper presents high frequency interleave technique based on high step-up push-pull resonant converter modules. Which will reduce the ripple factor of the current input side. The proposed circuit received low voltage from the battery convert provide to high voltage. The power stage received of 12 Vdc from four switch (both push-pull resonant modules), which operated under zero current switching condition with the stable 111 kHz fix switching frequency. The both switched would work alternately, half time each. The obtained signal would have the feature of high-frequency square wave, and it would be transferred from the primary side of the high-frequency transformer with connected power switch (MOSFETs). After the energy was transferred to the secondary side, the matching resonant circuit functioning to build the resonance condition, to make the current from the wave form of sine signal, with the lulls' wave bridge rectifier functioned to convert the high-frequency AC voltage to high-voltage DC current again. From the experiment result, it was found that the output voltage would have the size 384,382 V and the circuit total efficiency was measured about to 92%, at the full load 245 and 244 Watt. In terms of interleave technique. The angle can be adjusted from 0-180 degrees. By adjusting the operating angle to 90 degrees it can be seen that the ripple factor is reduced to 10.94 percent at full load, which is reduced from 59.77 percent in the circuit presented, Confirmed by the experimental results There is a consistency between the analysis result and the calculation result.

A novel high step-up high efficiency DC-DC converter for photovoltaic energy conversion is presented in this paper. The proposed converter employs a coupled inductor and two voltage multiplier cells to achieve high step-up voltage gain. The operating principle and the steady-state analyses of voltage gain are described in detail. A 200 W prototype with 20-30 V input and 400 V output voltages is built to verify the analysis. The maximum efficiency of the prototype is nearly 97.7% and the efficiency is higher than 97% over a wide load range.