Hopf Bifurcation in Host–Parasitoid Models

In this paper, the Hopf bifurcations and limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) of an airfoil with cubic nonlinearity in supersonic\hypersonic flow are investigated. The harmonic balance method and multivariable Floquet theory are applied to analyze the LCOs of the airfoil. Four distinct cases of the LCOs response are detected in this system: (I) supercritical Hopf bifurcation, (II) a single subcritical Hopf bifurcation, (III) two subcritical Hopf bifurcations, and (IV) no Hopf bifurcation. Furthermore, the parameter variations domains separating the supercritical and subcritical Hopf bifurcations are presented using singularity theory.

Characterization of stability limits of Ledinegg instability and density wave oscillations for two-phase flow in natural circulation loops

Bifurcation analysis of density wave oscillations in natural circulation loop

In this paper, we introduce and deal with the delayed nutrient-microorganism model with a random network structure. By employing time delay τ as the main critical value of the Hopf bifurcation, we investigate the direction of the Hopf bifurcation of such a random network nutrient-microorganism model. Noticing that the results of the direction of the Hopf bifurcation in a random network model are rare, we thus try to use the method of multiple time scales (MTS) to derive amplitude equation and determine the direction of the Hopf bifurcation. It is showed that the delayed random network nutrient-microorganism model can exhibit a supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Numerical experiments are performed to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis.

ABSTRACTMost researches on railway vehicle stability analysis are focused on the codimension 1 (for short, codim 1) bifurcations like subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcation. The analysis of codim 1 bifurcation can be completed based on one bifurcation parameter. However, two bifurcation parameters should be considered to give a general view of the motion of the system when it undergoes a degenerate Hopf bifurcation. This kind of bifurcation named the generalised Hopf bifurcation belongs to the codimension 2 (for short, codim 2) bifurcations where two bifurcation parameters need to be taken into consideration. In this paper, we give a numerical analysis of the codim 2 bifurcations of a nonlinear railway wheel-set with the QR algorithm to calculate the eigenvalues of the linearised system incorporating the Golden Cut method and the shooting method to calculate the limit cycles around the Hopf bifurcation points. Here, we found the existence of a generalised Hopf bifurcation where a subcritical Hopf bifurcation turns into a supercritical one with the increase of the bifurcation parameters, which belong to the codim 2 bifurcations, in a nonlinear railway wheel-set model. Only the nonlinear wheel/rail interactive relationship has been taken into consideration in the lateral model that is formulated in this paper. The motion of the wheel-set has been investigated when the bifurcation parameters are perturbed in the neighbourhood of their critical parameters, and the influences of different parameters on critical values of the bifurcation parameters are also given. From the results, it can be seen that the bifurcation types of the wheel-set will change with a variation of the bifurcation parameters in the neighbourhood of their critical values.

Limit cycle oscillation suppression of 2-DOF airfoil using nonlinear energy sink

The space-independent xenon oscillation problem relevant to power nuclear reactors is studied. Xenon oscillations – both, without temperature feedback and in the presence of temperature feedback – have been analyzed semi-analytically and numerically. The effects of various parameters on the nature of bifurcation are studied. Bifurcation analysis shows that Hopf bifurcation occurs, and it is found that both sub- critical and super-critical Hopf bifurcation can occur in different regions of parameter space. Numerical experiments show that 'outsidey the unstable periodic solutions that exist for the sub-critical Hopf bifurcation case, there exist large amplitude, stable periodic solutions to which the initial conditions, outside the basin of attraction of the stable fixed point, evolve. Though the existence of sub-critical Hopf bifurcation indicates that large amplitude perturbations even in the stable region may lead to initially diverging oscillations, it is reassuring that the oscillation amplitude remains bounded

In this paper, the predator–prey model with Michaelis–Menten functional response subject to the Neumann boundary conditions is considered. The stability of the positive equilibrium and the direction of the Hopf bifurcations for the corresponding ordinary differential equation and partial differential equation are studied, respectively. To this end, the normal form method and the center manifold theorem are applied to determine the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcated limit cycle when the diffusion terms are present. It is shown that the corresponding system can undergo either the supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation at the equilibrium point within certain parameter range. Meanwhile, the Turing instability conditions for the equilibrium and the limit cycle bifurcated from the Hopf bifurcation are derived. As a result, some patterns occur in the model. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the theoretical analysis.

This paper studied the stability and Hopf bifurcation of a type of protein synthesis system with time delay and negative feedback. Firstly, it is proved theoretically that the time delay, nonlinearity in the protein production and the cooperativity in the negative feedback are key factors to generate circadian oscillation; Taking time delay as a parameter, we obtained the critical value of the time delay that Hopf bifurcation generates. Secondly, based on the center manifold and normal form theorem, we derived the formulas for determining the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions and the supercritical or subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Finally, the matlab program is used to simulate the results.

Mathematical modeling is essential for understanding infectious disease dynamics and guiding public health strategies. We study the global dynamics of a susceptible-infectious-recovered-susceptible (SIRS) model with a generalized nonlinear incidence function, revealing a rich array of bifurcation phenomena, including saddle-node, cusp, forward and backward bifurcations, Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations, saddle-node bifurcation of limit cycles, subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations, generalized Hopf bifurcations, homoclinic and degenerate homoclinic bifurcations, as well as isola bifurcation. Using normal form theory, we show that the Hopf bifurcation reaches codimension three, resulting in up to three small-amplitude limit cycles. The involvement of the recovered population enables coexistence of these limit cycles, leading to bistable and tristable dynamics. We employ a one-step transformation method to analyze codimension two and three Bogdanov-Takens bifurcations, confirming a maximum codimension of three. In particular, we identify isolas of limit cycles in an SIRS model involving double exposure, introducing a mechanism for generating limit cycles centered on the isola. The findings may have important public health implications, highlighting how nonlinearities in transmission and immunity can produce recurrent outbreaks or persistent infection despite interventions. The existence of multiple limit cycles suggests that small changes in transmission rates or immune response could cause abrupt shifts in outbreak patterns, emphasizing the need for adaptive and flexible intervention strategies.

Two-dimensional computations are reported for time-dependent laminar buoyancy-induced flows above a horizontal heated source immersed in an air-filled vessel. Two kinds of heated source were considered: a line heat source, modelled as a heat source term in the energy equation, and a heat-flux cylinder of small diameter. First, comparisons are presented for the results obtained for these two heated sources. Rather large discrepencies between the velocity fields appeared in the conduction regime due to the weak plume motion, while close agreements were found in the boundary layer regime. Nevertheless, same types of bifurcations occur with almost identical frequencies, whatever the Rayleigh number. It is concluded that for dimensions of the enclosures, which largely compared with the cylinder radius, the heat source term model is a promising way to study the behaviour of unsteady plumes owing to its simplicity, flexibility, and low computational costs. Second, transitions to unsteady flows were studied through direct flow simulations for various depths of immersion of a line heat source in the central vertical plane of a vessel. Different routes to chaos were shown to occur according to the aspect ratio of the vessel and the depth of immersion of the line source. Three distinct regimes were detected with different underlying physical mechanisms called natural swaying motion, penetrative convection and Rayleigh-Benard-like convection. The first bifurcations associated with these regimes are supercritical Hopf bifurcation, pitchfork bifurcation and subcritical Hopf bifurcation. Comparisons with experimental results of confined buoyant plumes above heated wires show very good agreement with laminar frequency correlations.

Experimental study of the Hopf bifurcation in rectangular low-density jets

In this paper, we study a predator–prey mite model of Leslie type with generalized Holling IV functional response. The model is shown to have very rich bifurcation dynamics, including subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations, degenerate Hopf bifurcation, focus‐type and cusp‐type degenerate Bogdanov–Takens bifurcations of codimension 3, originating from a nilpotent focus or cusp of codimension 3 that acts as the organizing center for the bifurcation set. Coexistence of multiple steady states, multiple limit cycles, and homoclinic cycles is also found. Interestingly, the coexistence of two limit cycles is guaranteed by investigating generalized Hopf bifurcation and degenerate homoclinic bifurcation, and we also find that two generalized Hopf bifurcation points are connected by a saddle‐node bifurcation curve of limit cycles, which indicates the existence of global regime for two limit cycles. Our work extends some results in the literature.

This study presents a study of bifurcation in a dynamic power system model. It becomes one of the major precautions for electricity suppliers and these systems must maintain a steady state in the neighborhood of the operating points. We study in this study the dynamic stability of two node power systems theory and the stability of limit cycles emerging from a subcritical or supercritical Hopf bifurcation by computing the first Lyapunov coefficient. The MATCONT package of MATLAB was used for this study and detailed numerical simulations presented to illustrate the types of dynamic behavior. Results have proved the analyses for the model exhibit dynamical bifurcations, including Hopf bifurcations, Limit point bifurcations, Zero Hopf bifurcations and Bagdanov-taknes bifurcations.

We discuss the post-bifurcation dynamics of the general double Hopf normal form, which allows us to study two intermittent routes to chaos (routes following either (i) subcritical or (ii) supercritical Hopf or double Hopf bifurcations). In particular, the route following supercritical bifurcations is somewhat subtle. Such behavior following repeated Hopf bifurcations is well-known and widely observed, including the classical Ruelle–Takens and quasiperiodic routes to chaos. However, it has not, to the best of our knowledge, been considered in the context of the double Hopf normal form, although it has been numerically observed and tracked in the post-double-Hopf regime. We then apply the method of competitive modes to verify parameter regimes for which the double Hopf normal form exhibits chaotic behavior. Such an analysis is useful, as it allows us to potentially identify specific parameter regimes for which the system may exhibit strange or irregular behavior, something which would be extremely difficult otherwise in a system with so many parameters. Indeed, it is conjectured that for parameter sets with two of the square-mode frequencies competitive or nearly competitive, chaotic behavior is likely to be observed in the system. We apply the method of competitive modes to two representative cases where intermittent chaos is found, and the competitive mode analysis there seems to verify the occurrence of chaos in each of the two types of regimes.