Hospital Librarians' Perceptions Related to Evidence-Based Health Care

As Accessible as a Book on a Library Shelf: The Imperative of Routine Simulation in Modern Health Care

There is often a disparity for new hospital librarians between formal Library Information Science (LIS) education and the skills required for doing the job. To bridge the gap, new medical library professionals search out Medical Library Association (MLA) classes and webinars, find courses on the Internet, or link to National Library of Medicine (NLM) training. The MLA Hospital Library Caucus tasked an Education Task Force to ascertain what new librarians needed to help them in their early careers. The Task Force created a survey, which was sent to hospital librarians with less than 5 years’ experience. Respondents were asked to rate their top five duties and responsibilities and indicate with which they needed help. Using the results of the survey as a guide, the task force created a LibGuide for new hospital librarians.

Objective:This study seeks to gain initial insight into what is talked about and whose voices are heard at Medical Library Association (MLA) annual meetings.Methods:Meeting abstracts were downloaded from the MLA website and converted to comma-separated values (CSV) format. Descriptive analysis in Python identified the number of presentations, disambiguated authors, author collaboration, institutional affiliation type, and geographic affiliation. Topics were generated using Mallet's Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm for topic modeling.Results:There were 5,781 presentations at MLA annual meetings from 2001–2019. Author disambiguation resulted in approximately 5,680 unique authors. One thousand ninety-three records included a hospital-related keyword in the author field, and 4,517 records included an academic-related keyword. There were 438 presentations with at least 1 international author. The topic model identified 16 topics in the MLA abstract corpus: events, electronic resources, publications, evidence-based practice, collections, academic instruction, librarian roles and relationships, technical systems, special collections, general instruction, literature searching, surveys, research support, community outreach, patient education, and library services.Conclusions:Academic librarians presented more frequently than hospital librarians, though more research should be done to determine if this discrepancy was disproportionate to hospital librarians' representation in MLA. Geographic affiliation was concentrated in the United States and appeared to be related to population density. Health sciences librarians in the early twenty-first century are spending more time at MLA annual meetings talking about communities, relationships, and visible services, and less time talking about library collections and operations. Further research will be needed to boost the participation of underrepresented members.

This study examines staffing levels in U.S. hospital libraries in relation to the benchmark of Standards for Hospital Libraries set forth by the Medical Library Association (MLA). The tested hypothesis is that actual staffing levels among surveyed libraries do not vary in a statistically significant manner from the MLA benchmark. One-sample t test and distribution analyses comparing actual and benchmarked library staffing levels under the current standard indicate staffing levels vary significantly from the established MLA standard. The scope and predominance of the negative variance suggest either profoundly substandard staffing levels in libraries, or an imprecise formulation of the benchmark. A subanalysis considers the broad applicability of MLA's benchmarking formula. An alternative library staffing benchmark that may offer a more equitable gauge of staffing need is modeled.

The purpose of this paper is to share information about the library instmction effozis of medical school and hospital librarians. The information to be discussed is based on a formal survey of 139 medical school libraries and 84 hospital libraries in the United States and Canada. The survey, in the form of a questionnaire, was distributed in the 1981/82 school year. The main emphasis of the questionnaire centered on the types of instmctional activities being offered in each library and the user groups participtating in these instructional activities. Organizational status within the Medical Library Association (MLA) is also explored. The paper provides a detailed examination of the responses received.

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Evidence-based Practice Journal Club: How We Do It

Just what is a library these days? With the shift from print to electronic resources, librarians the world over have been given the opportunity to reenvision their libraries' appearances, structural needs, and purposes. As Frieda O. Weise, FMLA, stated in her Janet Doe Lecture given at the 103rd annual Medical Library Association meeting, “The physical library can and does convey its mission. Libraries are today, and have been for the last century, certainly more than storehouses; they are service organizations that embody the mission and vision of their institutions” [1]. Is this still true? The Welch Medical Library at the Johns Hopkins University Medical Center was scheduled to close its physical building December 31, 2011. When students and faculty recognized this pending change, the university administration appointed a task force to further review the need for the building to remain as a place of browsing and study [2]. When the Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library at the University of Utah closed in December 2009 for nine months for a remodel of its ceiling, the School of Medicine received numerous student concerns and consequently, built a temporary study place. So while our users want desktop delivery of information, they still want “a place” to go to for reflection and to concentrate their focus on learning. The focus of this first column is hospital library projects that are illustrative of the dramatic changes that are taking place as these libraries are transformed from traditional models to dynamic environments, responding to the needs of their users and institutions. Future columns, to be published on an annual basis, will feature new libraries as well as those that have recently undergone additions or remodels of existing space and new space assignments for specific purposes in libraries. The building project columns will each have a type of library or purpose as its theme. Future columns will cover: projects in libraries of a particular type (hospital, academic, consumer health, pharmaceutical companies, associations, special, etc.) projects centered on particular improvements (energy efficiency, sustainability, fire protection, mechanical, electrical, lighting, landscaping, etc.) projects to improve special spaces (history of medicine, galleries, testing centers, classrooms, Clinical and Translational Science Award centers, cafes, compact shelving installations, study areas, new furnishings, staff areas, information commons, technology and multimedia laboratories, offices, meeting spaces, exhibits, student headquarters, etc.) To accompany these annual columns, a new website, Library Construction and Renovation is being created for sharing information about various aspects of renovations and building construction. In addition, a comprehensive survey of building projects will be conducted, updating the one published in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) in 2010 [3]. A database of these projects will be created and made available via the new construction website. As Weise challenged us during her Janet Doe Lecture, “I believe it is the responsibility of librarians to guide the design of the library; we must advocate strongly the role for the library beyond the ‘storage facility’ and even the ‘access facility,’ and focus attention on the many other place-centered activities and services that the library can support” [1]. Please consider sharing your building guidance and experiences, lessons learned, plans, and achievements with your colleagues!

Action potential is a key process by which signals are transmitted from one nerve cell (neuron) to another, and as this editorial suggests, the structure and functions of neurons share some analogies with implementation science. Neurons are the critical subunit of the nervous system that mediate receipt and transmission of essential chemical and electrical signals that enable us to survive and thrive. In neurons, messages (action potentials) are driven by transfer of positive and negatively charged ions back and forth across the cell membrane causing an electrical charge to be transmitted in about 7 ms – much quicker and more reliable than a lightning strike. To allow rapid conduction of electrical signals and make them more energy efficient, certain neuronal axons are covered by a myelin sheath.1 Myelination is essential to nerve health, as well as speed and directness of impulse transmission.2 Similarly, the role of JBI Evidence Implementation is essential to ensure the prompt dissemination of implementation case studies and other related publications. Getting the signal through with the desired speed and adequate signal ratio in evidence-based health care (EBHC) is often described as dissemination or knowledge transfer; effective dissemination is as complex as neural transfer. The purpose of JBI Evidence Implementation is to facilitate – analogous to an action potential, while the speed and directness that an implementation focused journal will contribute to expanding the toolbox of JBI methods and methodology in implementation is analogous to reinforcing the myelin sheath. The process is informed by the JBI model for EBHC, our framework for a global mission to see evidence used to inform decision-making at the point of care.3 The JBIC (JBI Collaboration) is a global collaboration, an interconnected network of practising health professionals, academics, researchers and policy makers and funders with a shared mission of identifying, disseminating, implementing and evaluating best practice.3 The JBIC has expertise in the pedagogy of implementation science and methods to diverse professional groups, as well as significant accumulated experience in mentoring and facilitating implementation studies across diverse geographic and sociocultural groups and a wide range of clinical specialties. JBI's programmatic approach to implementation has enabled standardisation in line with the JBI model.4 The launch of JBI Evidence Implementation is more than a rebadge and relaunch. It will enable dissemination of methods, programmes and projects for implementation of best practice by increasing the focus, directness and accessibility of content aligned with the JBI model to members of the JBIC and subscribers more widely. It is a behavioural nudge for JBI to amplify internationally the work we do at the point of care for implementation of evidence. The launch of JBI Evidence Implementation fills an opportunity gap for the JBIC that encompasses evidence implementation, including investigations of feasibility, applicability, meaningfulness and effectiveness in healthcare delivery and practice, including emerging programmatic and pragmatic innovations such as JBI Endorsement (https://wiki.jbi.global/display/JEP). The journal accepts and will feature analytic and evaluation studies using standardised data sets of comparable implementation reports conceptually aligned with the JBI model.4 In parallel with JBI Evidence Synthesis (Editor in Chief: Associate Professor Aromataris), we recognise the strategic value of a journal for disseminating pragmatic implementation studies as well as the contribution to scholarship that makes visible the local implementation activities of the JBIC, that highlights and actively disseminates shared learnings and draws upon an expert editorial board, and the JBI Implementation Methods group. Increasing visibility and exposure to critique are important for further development of the scholarship implicit in JBI implementation studies. There is much methodological work to be done in these areas for which a publication pathway is an essential component of scholarship and contribution to implementation science. Studies of fidelity, and scalability, rapid cycle change projects that investigate improvement or implementation related to the JBI model for EBHC and the subcomponents of implementation including context, facilitation or evaluation are critical to our understanding of implementation across diverse clinical and cultural contexts. Similarly, theoretical and methodological work that evaluates, compares or contrasts approaches or world views are important ongoing contributions to knowledge. As such JBI Evidence Implementation aspires to provide the network support that speeds and strengthens the transfer of implementation science knowledge.5 As Editors in Chief, we are delighted to present JBI Evidence Implementation as an opportunity. Our vision as editors is to renew the JBIC focus on methodology, pedagogy and pragmatic implementation. We will achieve this by a focus on dissemination of rigorous, high-quality scholarship, research, synthesis and implementation case studies that inform and further the science and practice of EBHC within the context of implementation and improvement science. We have added new sections in the new journal including commentary/debates, educational articles in addition to other solicited articles to highlight JBI evidence implementation research to further the science of implementation and knowledge translation. We hope you enjoy reading and interacting with the newly available content each quarter and look forward to working with the implementation science community and across the JBIC. Acknowledgements Conflicts of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest.

The Foucauldian concepts of governmentality and pastoral power have been used to explain the way health professionals internalise evidence-based practices in health care generally and clinical networks more specifically. However, we know little about the work, practices and process involved in developing and implementing an ‘evidence-based governmentality’ outside the West, particularly in Low and Middle Income Counties (LMICs), where governmentality often has a different transnational character. We explain the development and implementation of a Western transnational evidence-based governmentality in a clinical network in Kenya, using a decentred analytical approach. We highlight the essential work of medical professional ‘pastors’, with experience of both health care in Kenya and evidence-based medicine in Western High-Income Countries, in transposing this governmentality into health care in a LMIC in a way improving clinical care.

Journal Article Evidence-Based Practices in Health Care: Social Work Possibilities Get access Joan Levy Zlotnik, Joan Levy Zlotnik Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Colleen Galambos Colleen Galambos Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Health & Social Work, Volume 29, Issue 4, November 2004, Pages 259–261, https://doi.org/10.1093/hsw/29.4.259 Published: 01 November 2004

As the speed with which libraries are changing seems to be ever increasing, evaluation and assessment are even more necessary to ensure quality service and decision-making support and often to acquire financial support for programs.Practicing librarians may find themselves asking questions regarding the roles of their libraries.Are we providing quality service?Are we providing the right services?Can we improve?How do we compare?Librarians are also often expected to explain or defend their library, their budget, their programs.Evaluation may provide the necessary data to support decisions and assist librarians in navigating through changes.This book is an excellent tool for those starting down the path of formal evaluation or assessments.

Nurses Need Training and Policies to Address Barriers to Use of Mobile Devices and Apps for Direct Patient Care in Hospital Settings

Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries is an essential guide to the medical librarians working in a variety of settings, including academic health centers, hospital libraries, and government health associations, provide entry-level, mid-career, and experienced librarians with comprehensive information and advice on dealing with electronic resources. E-resources refer to digital information and content that are accessed and used through various devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets and e readers. These resources include e- books, e-journals, online database, multimedia content, and other forms of digital content. As healthcare professionals, researchers, educators, and students rely more and more on digital content, medical libraries spend more and more time dealing with the complexities surrounding the use of e-resources. Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries examines the various types of e resources. In this paper we study about various types of e- resources in medical libraries. Keywords E- books, e-journals, online database, multimedia content, digital content

Jocelyn Anne Rankin, PhD, FMLA, 1946–2010