How Do Networks Reflect Collaborative Governance? The Case of a Sport Policy Program

Although there is an abundance of research into sports programmes and policies that inherently discuss implementation, most fail to explicitly address this phenomenon, nor do they consider theories and concepts associated with implementation evident in social and political sciences. It is contended that to ignore such a vital process may limit or constrain knowledge of not only how and why sport policies and programmes have been implemented, but also how we come to make assumptions and propositions as to their impacts and relative successes or failures. This article seeks to encourage the incorporation, generation and innovation of existing implementation theories, concepts and models into the sport policy analysis lexicon. It is hoped that this will not only generally broaden the sport policy analysis research agenda, but specifically generate and develop a theoretically informed literature on the practice of sport policy and programme implementation to enhance sport policy students, academics and policymaker's knowledge of the implementation process. To illustrate this, following a critique of top-down/bottom-up and synthesized models, this article applies Matland's (1995) model of conflict and ambiguity to The Football Association's Charter Standard Scheme. This article concludes by suggesting that Matland's (1995) model is a potential way forward for analysing case study-specific sport policy and programme implementation analyses.

Radiation dose index monitoring (RDIM) systems may help identify CT dose reduction opportunities, but variability and complexity of imaging procedures make consistent dose optimization and standardization a challenge. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility to standardize and optimize CT protocols through the implementation of a Dose Excellence Program within a European healthcare network. The Dose Excellence Program consisted of a multidisciplinary team that developed standardized organizational adult CT protocols and thresholds for relevant radiation dose indices (RDIs). Baseline data were collected retrospectively from the RDIM (Phase I, 2015). Organization's protocols were implemented and monitored from the RDIM for deviations (Phase II, 2016). Following standardization, radiation dose optimization was initiated (Phase III, 2017). Data from the three most used protocols were retrospectively extracted and grouped by country for all phases. The mean number of series (RS) and RDIs were compared between phases and with organizational reference levels. A Mann-Whitney test was conducted; p < .05 was considered as significant. Data from 9588, 12638, and 6093 examinations were analyzed from General Chest, General Head, and Thorax/Abdomen/Pelvis (TAP) multiphase respectively. Overall, after Phase III, mean RS and CTDIvol p75 were below the organizational reference levels in all countries for the three protocols. The CTDIvol decreased by 45% in Switzerland (p < .00001), 32% in Turkey (p < .00001), and 28% in Switzerland (p = .0027) for General Chest, General Head, and TAP multiphase respectively. The implementation of a Dose Excellence Program within a large-scale healthcare organization allowed unifying protocols and optimizing radiation dose across countries. • Engaging a multidisciplinary team can enhance the use of an RDIM system for CT dose management in a multinational healthcare environment. • Deep dive of baseline data and standardization of CT practices by defining organizational clinical indication CT protocols with RPIDs is an essential step before optimization of radiation dose. • Following the implementation of the program, the mean RS and CTDIvol were below or equal to the organizational reference levels in all countries.

This study aims to analyze the role of traditional villages in collaborative governance in the Community-Based Total Sanitation Program (STBM) in Tabanan Regency, especially to accelerate the achievement of stop open defecation (SBS) status. Descriptive qualitative methods were used in this study. Locations and informants were selected by purposive sampling. The results of the study indicate that collaborative governance that runs well at the Tabanan Regency level, Selemadeg District, and Wanagiri Kauh Village, is supported by trust, shared commitment, customary regulations (awig-awig/pararem), and synergy between community elements. This collaboration accelerates the achievement of SBS status in the area. On the other hand, in Penebel District and Babahan Village, collaboration with traditional villages has not been optimally formed so that program achievements are slower. Based on the results of the study, it was found that collaborative governance in the program is in accordance with the theory of Ansell and Gash. Indigenous villages play an important role in the pre-triggering, Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) triggering and post-triggering process, thus accelerating the achievement of ODF status in an area. Keywords: Collaborative Governance, Indigenous Village’s Role, Program Implementation

Understanding barriers to collaborative governance for the food-energy-water nexus: The case of Phoenix, Arizona

Introduction: The purpose of our report is to describe the design and implementation of the first antimicrobial stewardship certificate program (ASCP) in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Methods: The ASCP was implemented in January 2019. A needs assessment was conducted before the implementation of the program. The program delivery utilized a blended learning format with both a live and an experiential component. Learner assessments consisted of pre- and post-course assessments, as well as structured feedback throughout the course. Course assessments and post-course evaluation results were utilized to assess the certificate program (CP) outcomes. Results: Between January 2019 to March 2020, 24 pharmacists were trained through the program. All participants passed the post-course assessment. Participants scored a median of 40 percent on the pre-course assessment at the start of the program and a median of 80 percent on the post-course assessment (p-value &lt; 0.0001), demonstrating a significant improvement in their baseline knowledge. Overall, participants were highly satisfied with the program and felt that it would enhance their ability to take care of patients and/or result in practice change in their institution. Conclusions: The ASCP enhanced the knowledge of pharmacists in antimicrobial stewardship. The implemented model provides a sustainable blueprint for future CPs in specialty areas of practice for the Middle East region.

Background Energy hardship can be broadly understood as a situation in which individuals or households are unable to afford basic energy services necessary for sustaining their wellbeing. Despite conceptual challenges and overlaps with similar narratives (e.g., fuel poverty), the literature on energy hardship continues to expand. It represents a critical intersection with sustainable energy systems that reveals both challenges and opportunities in the transition towards clean energy solutions. However, few energy hardship programmes have been examined from a policy perspective. Our study aims to address this knowledge gap by providing a systematic analysis of a sample of 67 energy hardship programmes implemented across Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, the United States, and more than 20 European countries. Guided by specific research questions and supported by directed content analysis, we focus on five areas: dominant policy rationales, main policy goals, supportive policy instruments, stakeholders, and key performance indicators (KPIs). Results Despite an important degree of heterogeneity among the reviewed programmes, findings revealed commonalities across significant design and implementation areas. Policy rationales often rely on two significant pillars: narratives related to energy poverty (and related concepts), and market barriers and failures related to energy efficiency or decentralised renewable energy systems. Policy goals encompass three distinct areas: finance, knowledge, and technology/infrastructure. Policy instruments supporting energy hardship programmes are predominantly economic in nature. However, the review of programmes reveals a significant gap in robust estimates of cost-effectiveness or economic efficiency. Results also show that the design and implementation of programmes often involve a diversity of stakeholders. The review reveals that there is an abundance of KPIs that can (potentially) support the monitoring and assessment of programmes. Conclusions Overall, our study reveals significant policy lessons regarding the links, dynamics, and complexities associated with the design and implementation of energy hardship programmes. It underscores the importance of evidence-based evaluations to enhance the ability of policymakers and managers to effectively alleviate the suffering of those facing energy hardship. Results can be of particular interest to countries where policy discussions about energy hardship are emerging, and where there is a need for knowledge to inform decision-making on future programmes that support just and inclusive clean energy transitions.

543 Background: Reflex screening for Lynch Syndrome (LS) has been recommended, however occurs in few jurisdictions worldwide. We aimed to explore program structure, pathology testing, implementation challenges and future directions of existing reflex LS screening programs in various jurisdictions to develop best practices for future programs. Methods: We identified existing reflex LS screening programs through a literature search and expert opinion. Information on program implementation, patient population, family care involvement, monitoring and improvements was collected through semi-structured interviews with program leaders, pathologists, technical staff, and family physicians. Pattern, thematic and content analysis were used to analyze and extract program features, sequence of pathological testing and best practices. Results: 26 participants across 7 programs completed interviews. There were 3 government-funded, population-based programs (Manitoba, Western Australia, and New South Wales), 2 private health management organization programs implemented across affiliated healthcare centers (Pennsylvania and Southern California); and 2 hospital-based programs (Ohio and Utah). Five programs screened all patients with CRC for LS while 2 programs designated an upper age limit for screening. The majority of programs tested tumor samples for LS using a combination of immunohistochemistry and BRAF mutation analysis. In jurisdictions relying on surgeons' referral to genetic counseling without navigation, uptake of genetic testing was lower than expected. Programs implementing early education of surgeons and pathologists in reflex screening procedures reported confidence in skills, collaboration and communication. Communication materials for family members of affected individuals were recommended to increase family engagement in genetic counselling. Conclusions: There are a variety of reflex LS screening programs with varying standards and protocols. Program design influences uptake of genetic testing; programs with an imbedded navigation plan for those who need genetic counseling enhance rates of adherence. This should be an important consideration when planning future reflex screening programs.

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of collaborative governance in implementing mangrove ecotourism policy on the Bintan Island coastal approach of penta helix. The research objectives are to identify the key stakeholders involved in the mangrove ecotourism policy formulation and implementation process, assess their roles and relationships, and analyze how collaborative governance can enhance their collaboration and coordination. Research method uses descriptive qualitative and uses NVivo-20 software analysis which is analyzed in depth. The results show that the penta-helix element in Collaborative Governance has gaps that do not involve all stakeholder actors, both from local government, academia, the private sector, community groups and the media. but in terms of policy or implementation of a Mangrove ecotourism program, scientific studies are needed to support Mangrove ecotourism in coastal areas in Islands Regions have strategic potential to be managed properly by strong stakeholders. The importance of active involvement of the local community as wide as possible with stakeholders such as central, regional and business actors in planning, implementing and making decisions in the formation and management of a Destination Management Organization (DMO). The findings also the need for further research to investigate can be integrated into the policy-making process and contexts.

Indonesia is not free from radicalism and terrorism. Various acts of terror have occurred in Indonesia with various models and interactions. Currently, acts of terror in Indonesia have developed into the “lone wolf” model and terror involving women and children. The acts of terror with such modes are hard to detect and likely to cause fatalities. Radicalization is found to occur among Indonesians at an early age. The facts show that radical understanding has been incorporated through pre-school and elementary schools. The phenomenon shows that radicalism and terrorism in Indonesia must receive serious attention. Rehabilitation becomes very important because the facts show that the terror actors, even already serving a prison sentence, often repeat their offences. One of the programmes of the Indonesian government is to prevent radicalism and terrorism by conducting deradicalization. In Indonesia, the deradicalization programme consists of four parts: identification, rehabilitation, re-education and reintegration. The rehabilitation stage is very important because, at this stage, a process of improvement is carried out to terrorists with radical understanding. However, terrorist rehabilitation programmes in Indonesia are still not ideal. This is shown by recurrent terrorists who have previously been sentenced and rehabilitated. The terrorist rehabilitation programme in Indonesia does not have a strong legal basis and is not integrated into a particular system or model. Given its complexity, terrorist rehabilitation cannot be carried out by only one institution. The implementation of terrorist rehabilitation programmes requires collaboration between government institutions such as the National Counterterrorism Agency, Indonesian National Police, Correctional Institutions, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Ministry of Social Affairs, Non-governmental Organizations, and the communities. The collaborative governance approach by Emerson (2012) is an appropriate model for terrorist rehabilitation programmes. In the collaborative governance model, the roles and functions of each stakeholder involved in terrorist rehabilitation are optimized and each stakeholder has clear performance achievement indicators. The stakeholders in terrorist rehabilitation programmes have the same objective; namely, to turn terrorists away from radicalism and make them more tolerant, and to reintegrate them into the community. From collaborative governance, it is expected that, first, the terrorist rehabilitation programme is carried out collaboratively; second, there will be no longer any acts of terror by recurrent perpetrators; finally, the terrorists who have been rehabilitated shall be agents of change in deradicalization programmes.

Background: Siblings of children with cancer have elevated psychosocial risk. Sociodemographic factors (e.g., non-White race, low income, and low caregiver education) are associated with increased risk. Little is known about how sociodemographic factors influence families’ decisions to participate in sibling support services. This convergent mixed-methods study characterizes how sociodemographic factors influence parent decision-making to engage siblings in support. Method: A purposive sample of parents of children with cancer ( N = 28) participated in semistructured interviews that queried their perceptions of sibling support, including preferences for ideal support and perceived barriers to accessing support. Qualitative findings were merged with quantitative data to stratify by sociodemographic categories (ethnicity, parent-reported financial hardship, parent education). Applied thematic analysis was used to distill findings. Results: Sociodemographic differences emerged across parents’ decision-making on whether to engage with sibling support services. Some cross-cutting barriers to accessing sibling support were described by all groups. However, differences across sociodemographic groups emerged for other barriers to care and for preferences for sibling support. Conclusions: These findings inform the design and implementation of sibling support programs. Providers can work with families to craft individualized sibling support plans that align with the family’s preferences and circumvent perceived barriers, which may improve acceptability and use of support programming and ultimately improve siblings’ psychosocial outcomes. Implications for Impact Statement This article offers an overview of sociodemographic variables (ethnicity, financial hardship, parent education) associated with parents’ decision to engage in support for siblings of children of cancer. An understanding of these factors can support clinicians in the design and implementation of programs that are acceptable and accessible for all families of children with cancer.

The increasing threat of emerging and re-emerging pathogens calls for a shared vision toward developing and maintaining global surveillance mechanisms to enable rapid characterization of pathogens, a foundational requirement for effective outbreak response. Efforts establishing new surveillance programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have repeatedly led to siloed systems that prove unsustainable or ineffective due to narrowly focused approaches, competing priorities, or lack of resourcing. Barriers inherent to LMICs, such as resource limitations, workforce strain, unreliable supply chains, and lack of enduring champions exacerbate implementation and sustainability challenges. In order to improve adoption and endurance of new surveillance programs, more effective design and implementation of programs is needed to adequately reflect stakeholder needs and simultaneously support population-level disease monitoring and clinical decision-making across a range of chronic and acute health issues. At the heart of this cross-sectorial integration between clinical care and public health initiatives are emerging technologies and data modalities, including sequencing data. In this prospective, we propose an implementation strategy for genomics-based surveillance initiatives in LMICs founded on the use of a target operating model. Adoption of a target operating model for the design and implementation of genomic surveillance programs will ensure programs are agile, relevant, and unified across diverse stakeholder communities, thereby increasing their overall impact and sustainability.

This paper addresses two research questions: (1) Does collaborative environmental governance improve environmental outcomes? and (2) How do publicly supported collaborative groups with different levels of responsibility, formalization, and representativeness compare in this regard? Using a representative watershed quality data series, the EPA's National Rivers and Streams Assessment and Wadeable Streams Assessment, in conjunction with a watershed management regime database coded for this analysis, I test the relationship between collaborative governance and watershed quality for 357 watersheds. Since these are observational data, a multilevel propensity score matching method is used to control for selection bias. Using an augmented inverse propensity weighted estimator, I estimate the average treatment effect on the treated for six different water quality and habitat condition metrics. Collaborative watershed groups are found to improve water chemistry and in-stream habitat conditions. I then use hierarchical linear regression modeling to examine how group responsibilities, membership diversity, and formalization affect the predicted impact of a collaborative group. Groups that engage in management activities (in comparison to coordination or planning) are found to achieve greater environmental gains. Limited differentiation is found with regards to the presence of a group coordinator, increased goal specificity, or greater stakeholder diversity.

This study analyses forestry governance by assessing the situation of local and central governments’ land-use activities. Governance networks and regulations on intergovernmental functions support to shape patterns of coordination. Collaborative governance is often cited as a way to develop a plan for the sustainable management of forest land use. However, an empirical approach to collaborative governance is still lacking. This research investigates which factors of collaborative governance practices correspond to forest land use. Hence, understanding their roles is essential to managing networks for forest management activities. The findings of the study demonstrated that collaborative governance has changed away from information sharing and toward forestry governance and policy network. Furthermore, forest land use also emphasizes guidelines for preventing the spread of land-clearing fires, which is an important aspect of fire prevention in general. The fires from 2010 to 2018 affected agricultural lands, plantations, forests, and swamps. The clearing of peatland for oil palm and timber plantations appears to be the main source of smoke-haze and is indicated as the primary driver of land clearing motives in Riau Province, Indonesia. Nvivo-12 was used as a tool to codify each interview result. Observations were coded for discussion, and the work refined the findings from the analysis. The data were then transferred to Gephi to allow networking analysis. The network was combined using the Gephi software. NVivo was also used to explore forest land-use activities by combining network analysis to assess the pattern of collaboration.

The article is devoted to questions of efficiency of realization of youth policy at the industrial enterprises as a condition for economic security of Russia. Several reasons contribute to the relevance of the study, including the lack of diagnostics and a comprehensive social monitoring of the implementation of youth programs at enterprises and organizations There are the lack of system diagnostics and comprehensive social monitoring of the implementation of youth programs at the enterprises and in organization among them. The aim of the study is to develop proposals and recommendations for improving youth policy in enterprises. The authors analyze the objective and subjective indicators of effectiveness of implementation of the corporate youth programs and introduce the results of a survey of 300 young workers of industrial enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. This study revealed a contradiction. On the one hand, the satisfaction of young workers measured aspects of work and implementation of youth programs in the enterprise is high enough. On the other hand, objective indicators of efficiency of realization of youth programs at the enterprises indicate the presence of serious problems in attracting and retaining young workers in the enterprise. Theoretical and practical significance of the research lies in the fact that the authors have made measurements of the efficiency and effectiveness of youth programs at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region, and also received information that allows you to enter in the action: diagnostic system for the youth sector, the implementation of youth programs in industrial enterprises; a regular diagnosis of the problems and needs of young employees (by opinion polls); monitoring of the effectiveness of work at the enterprise for adaptation of young workers and the implementation of the youth corporate programs. The study was conducted at the initiative of the Ministry of physical culture, sport and youth policy of the Sverdlovsk region, the Department of youth of the Ural Federal University at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region in the framework of the agreement with the Russian center of Patriotic education No. Н803.210.02/15 "Organization of work with youth at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region".

ChildServ, a coordinated, region-wide system of early detection and intervention for at-risk children, was implemented in Hartford, Conn, in 1998. In this article, we report our experience with the design and implementation of the program and describe lessons learned and implications for subsequent program expansion. From 1998 to 2001, 124 child health providers referred 358 children with 516 different needs. One third of referred children had multiple needs. Developmental assessment, speech and language services, parenting classes, and counseling were frequently recommended. Only 43% of referred children ultimately received services, despite an average of 6.9 contacts with the family following initial referral. Boys, Hispanic children, and children with private insurance were more likely to receive services. We believe that ChildServ helps to address a critical gap in service delivery to children at risk for poor developmental and behavioral outcomes. A system of triage, referral, and care coordination appears to facilitate access to program and services. However, additional strategies are necessary to more successfully reach and engage families. In our experience, outreach capacity and such financial barriers as lack of private insurance should be included in the design and implementation of early detection and intervention programs.