How to Deliver Smart Heritage within Local Government: Defining Smart Heritage and Smart Heritage Principles

Smart heritage, an emerging and sustainable paradigm, utilises technology to conserve and enhance cultural heritage. Despite integration into smart city development, full implementation remains unrealised. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the status and trends of smart heritage research, explore the development direction of smart heritage, bridge existing knowledge gaps, and guide its integration into smart city development. This study employs a bibliometric analysis method, supported by machine algorithms, to obtain scientific and quantifiable results. The study utilises the bibliometric analysis software CiteSpace 6.2R6 to analyze 981 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection, covering 1994 to 2024. We observe a notable increase in scholarly output over time, especially in smart cities and digital cultural strategies, where smart heritage has emerged as a research hotspot across various disciplines and domains. Smart heritage crosses three stages: digital technology application, technology integration, and multidisciplinary integration, showcasing diverse technological applications, service scenarios, and application domains. Moving forward, we must prioritize a comprehensive research agenda, including theoretical constructs, smart cultural infrastructure, robust policy, public engagement, and expanded application realms. Additionally, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration between international entities and driving technological innovation is vital for promoting the sustainable development of cultural heritage.

As the development of smart cities continues to advance, Smart Heritage has become an essential component of cultural preservation and inheritance. The cultural Heritage of Chengdu's historical and cultural villages possess significant cultural and social value and currently faces complex challenges in terms of conservation. Based on the actual situation of Chengdu's historical and cultural villages, employs qualitative research methodology, including semi-structured interviews with experts, to construct a socio-technical system framework supporting the implementation of smart Heritage in Chengdu's historical and cultural villages, aiming at effective management and conservation of Smart Heritage. The study first identifies the expertise areas and the number of experts involved. It is divided into three main parts: the socio-technical system's social, technological, and environmental dimensions. Based on the findings of this study, it is evident that the Smart Heritage of Chengdu's historical and cultural villages require interdisciplinary cooperation and coordination across various sectors. Additionally, there is a need for continually updated and improved technological support systems to adapt to changes in the era and demands. This framework is believed to provide valuable references and guidance for managing and conserving Smart Heritage in Chengdu's historical and cultural villages.

Towards a "Smart Heritage" as Future Diffused Museums: Design and Communication Technologies to Innovate the Experience of the Cultural Patrimony in Smart Cities

Historically, information and services can only be obtained through narrow, one to one, phones, and agency-specific shop fronts (Caffrey, 1998). Information technology, especially the Internet, opens possibilities of using methods to distribute information and deliver services on a much grander scale. The Internet provides a foundation for a variety of communications media. The Web is one of the most important media built upon the Internet. It can be accessed from almost anywhere in the world by means of computers and electronic devices; it is possible to elicit more information, establish platforms for online payment, online consultation and e-voting. Security concerns can be overcome by data-authentication technologies. It can deliver government services and encourage greater democracy and engagement from citizens. Governments around the world are exploring the use of Web-based information technology (Grönlund, 2002). Attention has focused on the design and delivery of portals as a major component of government electronic service infrastructures. The N.Z. government portal site (http://www.govt.nz/en/home/) or the Local Government Online Ltd (LGOL) Web site, (www.localgovt.co.nz/AboutCouncils/Councils/ByRegion/) are examples. Since the mid-1990s governments have been tapping the potential of the Internet to improve and governance and service provision. “In 2001, it was estimated that globally there were well over 50,000 official government Web sites with more coming online daily. In 1996 less than 50 official government homepages could be found on the world-wide-Web” (Ronaghan, 2002). Local governments are faced with growing demands of delivering information and services more efficiently and effectively and at low cost. Along with the rapid growth of technological developments, people demand high quality services that reflect their lifestyles and are accessible after normal office hours from home or work. Thus, the goals of delivering electronic government services are to simplify procedures and documentation; eliminate interactions that fail to yield outcomes; extend contact opportunities (i.e., access) beyond office hours and improve relationships with the public (Grönlund, 2002). Having an effective Web presence is critical to the success of local governments moving to adopt new technologies. Of equal importance is the evaluation of Web sites using different manual and automated methodologies and tools. In this study an evaluation of local authority Web sites was conducted to gain a practical understanding of the impact of the Internet on local governments in New Zealand using a tailor-made model specific to local governments. Issues studied focused on the information and services provided by the local authority Web sites. What is more important is whether the local government operations can or are able to support the expectations for speed, service, convenience, and delivery that the Web creates. Through identification of best practice Web sites and a set of evaluation methods and tools, this paper will provide a set of design guidelines to local authorities that would benefit and better meet the needs of their local communities.

International city cooperation of sister city partnerships has become one of the important strategies to improve urban competitiveness, promote city development and urban development, as well as to create partnerships that can promote city agendas. Cities across the world have implemented or are implementing the concept of twinning, in which one urban local authority can partner with other local authorities in the world. Several studies have been done on international city cooperation especially in the European context. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on city twinning in Zimbabwe. This chapter seeks to examine the implications on local government operations through the twinning concept, using Harare and Munich as units of analysis. Overall, Harare has since twinned with Munich, in which the two cities cooperate in the areas of human capital development, capacity building, and information technology for cities. This development has seen Harare registering some improvements in terms of local government operations.

This study aims to analyse the strategies of the Local Government, through the Department of Cooperatives and SMEs of Deli Serdang Regency, in supporting the development of local food SMEs, particularly Kacang Bawang Rahasia, through digital marketing and product packaging design. The main challenges faced by SMEs include low digital literacy, suboptimal use of digital marketing media, and packaging designs that have not effectively represented product value. This research adopts a qualitative descriptive approach, with data collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that local government strategies are implemented through training and mentoring in digital marketing, utilisation of social media and digital marketplaces, and the development of informative packaging designs aligned with product characteristics. A participatory approach and continuous learning process play a crucial role in enhancing SMEs’ capacity, competitiveness, and sustainability in the local food sector.

The Routledge handbook of international local government

The purpose of local governments is to facilitate the well-being of communities and regions. Through the provision of different public goods and services local governments have the mission to provide security and stable conditions for individuals and firms by ensuring the necessary public infrastructure and amenities for their activities in the region, such as water supply, roads, waste disposal, parks, schools, and other public functions decentralized in the case of federal systems, among others. Many of these public goods and services are ICT-enabled, and therefore are included within the local digital government strategy. This is the context of digital government initiatives in municipal governments. The critical question for any local government in terms of digital government initiatives is how should they be provided and financed? Assessing this question of whether these ICT-enabled goods and services related to digital government might be more likely to be provided and funded, this article propose a model that embraces the concepts of public good and externalities from the economic perspective in order to provide a useful basis for developing a framework for financing digital government. This article describes a proposal for this framework based on these concepts and applies it in the case of several digital government initiatives undertaken by the City of Aguascalientes, Mexico. This framework applies to local as well as state and national levels of governments. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

Severe fiscal constraints on governments, especially local governments, have become a fact of life. This article reports the results of an empirical study of responses by local governments across one state to the fiscal stress following the “Great Recession.” It explores how such factors as the size, types, and forms of government and the severity of the cuts impacted those decisions. the findings show that overwhelmingly, municipalities do not use analytical research to determine their cutback strategies, and for a majority, political pressures present a great challenge during the cutback management process. For almost all of them, expenditure reduction is the main strategy. the severity of cuts was significantly related to employee morale and job performance. the vast majority of local governments did not attempt to broaden participation in the decision making process.

This chapter considers how devolution and local government operate in the UK. Devolution happens when some legislative and executive powers are passed to legislatures and governments in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, making devolution a fundamental part of the UK’s system of government. The chapter discusses the systems of devolution in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland before explaining why there is no equivalent in England. It elaborates on the structure, power, and operation of local governments, which are primarily responsible for the day-to-day operation of most public services within their area.

본 연구는 지금까지 7차례의 지방선거 결과의 논의가 주로 특정 시기에 실시된 전국적 투표행태에 초점을 두고 있다는 문제의식에서 출발하였다. 지방선거는 유권자가 대표자 를 선출하여 지방정부를 구성함으로써 지방자치를 제대로 구현하는데 있다. 그렇다면 지 역적 특수성에 기반 한 특정 지역선거의 결과에 나타나고 있는 투표의 정향성을 분석해 보는 것은 중요하다. 이에 따라 강원도의 6·4지방선거와 6·13지방선거의 결과에 기초한 투표과정 및 투표결과의 정당별 분석뿐만 아니라 주민의 대표성을 파악하기 위한 단체장 과 지방의원의 배경적 특성을 비교분석 후, 그 드러난 문제의 함의와 과제를 제시해 보 았다. 분석결과, 지금까지 정당의 기반이 미약한 강원도는 중앙정치 영향 속에 반복적 투 표행태를 보이면서 새로운 정치지형의 변화를 가져오고 있다. 역대 선거 중 투표율이 가 장 높은 가운데, 20대-30대의 투표율 하락, 도저촌고의 재현, 지역의 과소대표 현실, 지역 대표자들의 세대교체를 비롯해 1당 독점적 지방정부 형태를 보이고 있다. 특히 단체장과 지방의회 그리고 국회의원간의 서로 다른 소속정당의 동거체제로 구성된 복잡한 구도는 향후 강원도 지방정치와 한국 지방선거에 시사점을 주기에 충분하다. 아울러 선거결과를 기초로 선거제 보완 및 자치계층의 다양화, 도내 지역간 및 기관간 갈등 극복, 지방정부 의 광역문제 해결, 지방의회의 통제기능, 정보공개 강화 및 여성정치의 참여 확대 등에 대한 과제를 제언하였다.So far, seven local elections have focused on a nationwide election analysis. Local elections are about the realization of local autonomy by voters selecting representatives to form local governments. Local elections are a key factor affecting the representation and operation of local governments. Therefore, it is important to analyze the orientation of certain local votes based on regional specificity. This study is a comparative analysis of the June 4 local elections and the June 13 local elections in Gangwon Province. And I presented the problems and challenges that appeared in the election results. According to the analysis, Gangwon Province brought about a new political landscape with a weak base for a particular political party. The features of this election are as follows: the highest voter turnout of all elections. And it brought about a drop in voter turnout in people in their 20s and 30s, a repeat of Cities are low and rural is a high voting phenomenon. regional under representations and a generational shift in regional representatives. It also sees the form of a one-party exclusive local government. In particular, the head of a local government, local councils and member of the National Assembly are cohabitation systems of other parties. The complex structure gives many implications for future local politics in Gangwon Province and local elections in South Korea. Therefore, based on the results of the election, the following tasks were presented: They include supplementing the election system, diversifying the self-governing class, overcoming regional and institutional conflicts, resolving the wide-area issue of local governments, controlling functions of local councils, strengthening the disclosure of information and expanding participation of women s politics.

Background: Malaysia is embarking on sustainable, resilient, and prosperous living conditions initiatives. Malaysian cities are embracing the smart city aspiration through their respective local authorities. However, they face challenges regarding funding allocation for smart city implementation. Local authorities primarily operate on a conventional business model. Based on their current business model, they are unlikely to sustain their smart city initiatives. A more financially sustainable business model is required by these local authorities to embark on smart city initiatives. This study presents a systematic review concerning the business models adopted by local authorities to implement smart cities. This paper also explores the applicability of frugal innovation towards developing a smart city business model.Methods: This article undertakes a systematic review based on combination sets of eight main keywords: smart city, business model, frugal innovation, local authorities, performance, inclusivity, technology and success factor. The search strategy includes journal articles and conference proceedings from five major online databases: Emerald, ProQuest, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link between 2001-2021. The data is tabulated for clear expression of knowledge gaps.Results: A total of 17 articles from 300 articles on smart city business models matched the search on smart city business models for local authorities . The study revealed that hardly any in-depth research providing the crucial elements for a successful smart city business model for local authorities has been conducted. No research has linked frugal innovation to smart city business models.Conclusions: The study calls upon the research community to explore further, the possible linkage between frugal innovation and smart cities for local authorities.

Background: Malaysia is embarking on sustainable, resilient, and prosperous living conditions initiatives. Malaysian cities are embracing the smart city aspiration through their respective local authorities. However, they face challenges regarding funding allocation for smart city implementation. Local authorities primarily operate on a conventional business model. Based on their current business model, they are unlikely to sustain their smart city initiatives. A more financially sustainable business model is required by these local authorities to embark on smart city initiatives. This study presents a systematic review concerning the business models adopted by local authorities to implement smart cities. This paper also explores the applicability of frugal innovation towards developing a smart city business model. Methods: This article undertakes a systematic review based on combination sets of eight main keywords: smart city, business model, frugal innovation, local authorities, performance, inclusivity, technology and success factor. The search strategy includes journal articles and conference proceedings from five major online databases: Emerald, ProQuest, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Springer Link between 2001-2021. The data is tabulated for clear expression of knowledge gaps. Results: A total of 17 articles from 300 articles on smart city business models matched the search on smart city business models for local authorities . The study revealed that hardly any in-depth research providing the crucial elements for a successful smart city business model for local authorities has been conducted. No research has linked frugal innovation to smart city business models. Conclusions: The study calls upon the research community to explore further, the possible linkage between frugal innovation and smart cities for local authorities.

This study aims to analyze the open government of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Buenos Aires plays a leading role as the only pilot local government program of the Open Government Partnership in the country. Qualitative approaches and bibliometric analysis methods are used in this study. The research data were obtained from the official website of the Buenos Aires government and sourced from the Google Scholar database. The findings of this study indicate that the open government of Buenos Aires is not popular. The dominant issues include transparency, accountability, public trust, COVID-19, participation, collaboration, e-government, governance, smart cities, and disputes. Current issues include healthcare centers, information, data, the environment, digital platforms, and civil technology. Buenos Aires is currently focusing on three of its open government commitments, including the participation of children and adolescents as subjects of rights in the design of public policies; urban woodland management in the City of Buenos Aires through the open government perspective; plain language: a tool to guarantee simple, fast and effective communication between the state and citizens. These commitments have the potential to create a more open government in Buenos Aires. The findings of this study serve as recommendations for decision-makers in Buenos Aires, as well as for all local governments in Argentina and all members of the Open Government Partnership in implementing open government.

This research aims to discuss the local government's strategy in developing the tourist attraction of Lhok Bubon Beach, West Aceh Regency. This research uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The results of this study indicate that the local government strategy in developing the tourist attraction of Lhok Bubon Beach has been carried out but has not run optimally. This can be seen from the first indicator, namely attractions; the attraction possessed by Lhok Bubon Beach is extraordinary natural beauty, still maintaining cultural values, lack of information and promotion of historical relics and creating and improving artificial tourism conditions. Second accessibility; the ease of getting to the location of Lhok Bubon Beach can be accessed through google maps, there are direction boards, access roads that have been asphalted around ± 250 metres, but to get to the end of the beach is still difficult to pass, internet network conditions are not optimal and there are still livestock roaming the streets. Third, amenity; the facilities available at Lhok Bubon Beach are still not optimal due to the unavailability of various important facilities that support the tourist experience. Fourth, institutions; the village government has a cooperative relationship with other institutions, but there is still a lack of effective collaboration to develop beach tourism objects. The conclusion of this study shows that although there are efforts in developing the tourist attraction of Lhok Bubon Beach, there are still many aspects that need to be improved so that tourism potential can be maximized.