How to tell if a BIM project is successful: A goal-driven approach

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a revolutionary stride of technology in the orthodox construction and procedures in conventional Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry which is stressed upon for its delay on embracing new technologies. The strength of BIM has been disvalued in the eyes of many professionals, to think of BIM as just another ‘software’ which is in reality, a ‘process’ of attaining an outstanding collaboration among each and every stakeholder throughout a project’s life cycle. Hence, the philosophy of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in a construction project can be achieved effectively with the BIM’s promise of flexible and transparent interaction among Construction Supply Chain (CSC) contributors. However, the complexities in CSC of a conservative setup has been more composite with the intervention of BIM. Consequently, the BIM project stakeholders have encountered complications on the effective application of BIM on CSC while reaching the envisioned goals of BIM. Thus, the intention of this study is to develop a foreseeable information flow model related to construction supply chain in a BIM aided project. In order to attain the aim, an extensive literature synthesis was piloted to develop a conceptual informational flow model among CSC stakeholders of a BIM project. This contemporary research outlines that the CSC of a BIM project is much interactive and flexible with its collaborative effort of stakeholders when compared to the clashes among professionals in traditional setups. In a practical context, the roles and duties of BIM project stakeholders identified in BIM standards, have slightly differed due to real-world complications in construction industry. Besides that, BIM standards have laid down charismatic arrangements on information flows among BIM project stakeholders, which is in reality, a complex and random setup. Hence, the research outcome has successfully answered the complications by laying down guidelines for any outsider to the BIM field to recognise what would be the contribution of each stakeholder throughout the BIM project’s life cycle.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is currently being used by the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry in Malaysia. It has been introduced by the Director of Public Works Department (PWD) in 2007 to reduce construction costs and avoid design problems. BIM utilization in construction can detect any clash analysis during the design stage, improves efficiency of project scheduling, reduce costs and ensure high quality of the project as well as facilitate communication among construction players. Since it has been introduced by the PWD, several projects have been constructed and being constructed using BIM and one of the project is The National Cancer Institute (NCI). The project is owned by the Malaysian government. This paper discusses the application of BIM in the project, the first project launched by the Malaysian government. A literature review was conducted to explore previous BIM studies on the history of BIM, benefits and importance, barriers and challenges as well as existing BIM projects in the Malaysian construction industry. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were carried out with the client, consultant and contractor involved in the project. The interviews results reveal necessities and benefits of implementing BIM in completing the project. BIM is necessary for construction because its implementation can increase project quality. It is useful in assisting construction players to complete projects successfully. The results provide clear evidence of the effectiveness of implementing BIM in government projects. This paper can serve as a reference for critical studies of developing a strategy approach model for BIM implementation in the Malaysian construction industry.

There has been an increasing global tendency in the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) paradigm for the implementation of Architectural, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) projects. In Brazil, a governmental nominated commission is studying how to disseminate BIM as applied to governmental projects. At the same time, Structural Optimization (SO) has received a lot of attention in civil engineering applications to reduce material and enhance structural performance. The purpose of this work, thus, is to understand how SO can be inserted in a BIM project, specifically analyzing the interface between architects and structural engineers. The investigation included a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to comprehend the current scientific scenario in these areas. It was observed that there is a scientific gap in works that connect SO and BIM. To help fill this gap, an Information Delivery Manual (IDM) structure was developed which maps the information flow to connect architects and engineers through SO in a BIM environment. The proposed methodology was applied to three experiments of increasing complexity. It was verified that SO can be inserted in a BIM project once interoperability and collaboration issues are improved. To validate the structural solutions based on the SO results, detailed analysis using Finite Element Models (FEM) were developed and analyzed. It was found that the solutions were structurally acceptable according to current design codes. However, they may require advanced construction techniques to be economically feasible. It is worth pointing out that this study was limited to usual building projects in the early stages of the design.

The construction sector is currently undergoing significant changes as a result of the adoption of digitaltechnologies. The utilisation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) has garnered considerable interest in recentyears from scholars and industry experts. The sector has seen major changes as a result of its rising success. Giventhese changes, the traditional knowledge and skills possessed by project specialists or managers seem insufficientin properly supervising the new information component of construction project management. As projects advance,the inclusion of new roles such as BIM managers, BIM coordinators, BIM modellers, and information managers isbecoming crucial to meet the demand for enhanced capabilities. Multiple studies have analysed these novel rolesfrom a theoretical perspective, but have not investigated their correlation with conventional roles in projectmanagement, nor have they explored how project managers and BIM specialists position themselves in relation tothe overall processes outlined in the BIM implementation guides. This case study illustrates that the duties of BIMspecialists varied among various fields and go beyond solely technical assignments. Moreover, the informationsub-process predominantly focuses on BIM managers, leading to the establishment of two distinct sources ofleadership within a project: BIM managers and project managers. According to the poll, professionals believe thatthe BIM collaboration methods described in the BIM implementation plan and project documents are too general.Moreover, there is always a difference between specified methods and the ones actually used in the project.

The aging population is growing drastically all over the world. With the advent of the global era, universal design is garnering considerable interest, as the number of multicultural families is increasing, and various user classes are being created. In addition, with the advances in construction technology, architectural design is becoming more diverse, and convenience facilities are also getting distributed in various ways. As a result, more buildings need to apply universal design, indicating that various architectural information and universal design for the user class are required. Various data are needed for universal design evaluation, but there is a limit to evaluating with two-dimensional (2D) drawings. However, the limitations of 2D drawings can be overcome via building information modeling (BIM) combined with architectural data, which remarkably simplifies the universal design evaluation. This study was conducted with the aim to analyze architectural information by extracting architectural elements necessary for universal design evaluation from BIM data. It was confirmed that the calculations for universal design evaluation can be performed by 3D shape or attribute analysis using BIM data and computer programming. In order to create an automated evaluation algorithm for universal design, the evaluation methods were classified according to the universal design evaluation guide, based on building users and user diversity. In addition, even if the evaluation methods were the same by location, different points were classified by location, and evaluation items and information necessary for the evaluation were organized by category for each facility. Through this classification, we created an algorithm with seven types of methods for extracting the BIM data and comparing them by evaluation method for an automated analysis. In addition, an analysis was performed directly on the BIM design sample model using an automated evaluation algorithm. Although there were various architectural objects in the design data, evaluation was possible using algorithms. By applying the universal design evaluation and BIM data evaluation methods, we could confirm that the BIM-based universal design automation evaluation method prevents human error and is thus superior to the existing evaluation methods. Further, the automation evaluation method can contribute to BIM activation as the BIM data can be used in various studies such as design certification evaluation and automation analysis.

Purpose Despite extensive research on building information modelling (BIM) project collaboration, prior studies have focused on traditional performance metrics, qualitative methods and formal mechanisms, leaving a gap in understanding how relational attitudes drive collaborative innovation performance. This paper aims to explore how relational attitudes (RAs) exert impacts on collaborative innovation performance (CIP) in Chinese BIM project teams. Based on the relational exchange and information processing theories, a moderated mediating model is proposed to explore the mediating role of knowledge spillover (KS) and the moderation of cognitive diversity (CD). Design/methodology/approach To gather data, this study conducted a questionnaire-based survey and collected 295 valid responses. The data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings Notably, RAs positively influence CIP. Furthermore, KS performs a significant mediating role between RAs and CIP. Additionally, the indirect effect of RAs on CIP via KS is moderated by CD, highlighting the role of team diversity in enhancing knowledge exchange and innovation in BIM projects. Originality/value Unlike previous studies that focus primarily on traditional project performance metrics, this paper concentrates on the impact of RAs on CIP from the perspective of relational exchange theory. Moreover, it significantly expands the concept of KS within the context of intelligent buildings, positioning BIM as a virtual technology platform for collaboration and innovation. The study also discusses the influence of inter-organisational team RAs and their determining factors on CIP through BIM application, based on the role of CD.

Since 2015, a 13-week core course “Integrated Building Project Development (IBPD)” was launched annually for final year students of all undergraduate programmes of the Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering of the City University of Hong Kong. These undergraduate programmes cover most disciplines of the construction industry—architectural studies, civil and structural engineering, building services engineering, surveying, and construction engineering and management. From 2018 onwards, students are required to use Building Information Modelling (BIM) across all disciplines in the project development process of this course. A BIM project execution plan on Client’s BIM requirements, the scope of BIM implementation and the required BIM deliverables in this course is provided to students. A BIM server that supports in-campus and remote access was built for students to store, retrieve and archive their digital files so that they can practise BIM communication and data exchange on a centralised platform. This paper shares the successful execution of the BIM project execution plan, under the framework of the interdisciplinary BIM (iBIM) implementation and the BIM server architecture, by the students.KeywordsUndergraduate programmesIntegratedMultidisciplinaryBuilding Information Modelling (BIM)

Design and Build (D&B) is one of the most common project delivery methods to incorporate with Building Information Modelling (BIM) and has brought to light many innovativebenefits, including collaboration and integration of work processes. However, there is still confusion and a lack of empirical evidence in the construction industry regarding the interpretation of success in a BIM implementation, especially in D&B projects. Hence, this paper is aimed to assess the current maturitylevel of BIM in D&B BIM projects. A quantitative method by means of a survey via questionnaire has been used by adopting the "Migration Path Model of BIM for Construction Professionals" to 31 respondents in three (3) public D&B projects. The findings revealed that the implementation of BIM in those three (3) selected projects does not meet the requirement of BIM maturity in projects. Nevertheless, the BIM competencies of the projects gradually increase throughout the shift of project years. The low level of BIM maturity implies a need to have a standardised policy and guideline in determining the maturity and competencies of BIM implementation in projects at the national and market levels. Thus, it is expected that the results of this research will assist in ensuring the benefit of disruptive technology like BIM could be reaped by the construction industry.

Purpose: To explore the evolution of Facility Management (FM) in the Building Information Modelling (BIM) process. The research aimed to establish Critical Success Factors (CSF) which help deliver successful BIM projects, and to present these in a ‘FM-BIM Mobilisation Framework’. Background: Inefficiencies, poor collaboration and a focus on short-term costs in the construction industry, combined with a lack of innovation and digital competency when ordering projects, have resulted in a failure to deliver assets which have sustainable outcomes over their whole-life. Methodology: A mixed methods concurrent convergent design, incorporating side-by-side narrative text analysis was adopted to merge qualitative/quantitative findings. Critical Success Themes (CST) from literature were then used to establish CSF through; 19 interviews with FM/BIM experts, and a questionnaire to gauge FM industry awareness of BIM (using UK and international inputs). The final merged CSF were incorporated into a framework. This was validated using a two-stage process with a focus group using some of the same FM/BIM experts. Key findings: 10 CSF Main-Themes (MT), with a 100 Sub-Themes (ST) were identified covering important digital skills, knowledge and competences people require to contribute to the BIM process. Clients and Facility Mangers (FMs) must engage early if the full benefits of BIM are to be realised in the operational phase. They must clearly define their information requirements to align with business processes, and collaborate with the delivery team to ensure information is captured/transferred into the relevant management systems. Originality/value: The comprehensive end-to-end framework combines FM and BIM CSF into one online interactive tool which provides a wealth of useful knowledge, sources, benefits and practical examples. Although based on the UK BIM Framework, the alignment with ‘ISO 19650’ ensures it will also benefit an international audience. Keywords: Facility Management (FM), Building Information Modelling (BIM), ‘FM-BIM Mobilisation Framework’, digitalisation, information requirements.

Purpose The oil and gas industry form the main resource of economy in Iraq and constructing any project in such sectors requires a huge amount of expenses due to the unique requirements that oil and gas facilities required in such projects. Therefore, adopting an appropriate technological approach such as building information modeling (BIM) which is unfortunately not adopted yet in Iraq is essential to successfully deliver these projects. Thus, this paper aimed to introduce BIM to Iraq through Basra Oil Company (BOC) which is one of the biggest public oil and gas companies in Iraq. Design/methodology/approach The related literature of journals articles, conference proceedings and published reports have been reviewed. As a result, firstly: a hypothesis has been derived that is “If Basra Oil Company (BOC) adopts and applies BIM approach instead of the 2D approach currently used to manage its projects, the company can overcome several constraints in managing its projects that associated with such 2D traditional approach”; secondly: homogenous, consistence and reliable web-based questionnaire has been designed as its Cronbach’s alpha equal to 0.897 and 0.711 for BIM benefits and barriers, respectively. This questionnaire distributed to the BOC related professionals to test such hypothesis by investigating their readiness and accepting of BIM approach and to rank BIM barriers based on five-point Likert scale. Findings Based on the analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 of 115 responses, almost 50% of the respondents had experience 11–15 years, while 22.6% had experience more than 15 years in oil and gas industry construction projects. Those participants were from diverse engineering majors that are: 4.3% Architectural Engineers, 31.3% Civil Engineers, 20% Mechanical Engineers, 22.6% Electrical Engineers and 21.7% from other engineering majors. The respondents’ departments demography was 16.5% of design department, 12.2% of construction department, 20.9% of Project Management Department, 12.2% of Maintenance department, 4.3% of HSE Department, 13% of Production Department and 20.9% of “Other Department.” The study resulted in 1: accepting BIM approach to be an alternative of current 2D-traditional approach used by the company to manage and construct its projects, since mean of collected data is (4.4332), Kruskal–Wallis H test significance values were 0.398 and 0.372; and ANOVA test significance values were 0.433 and 0.599 among Engineering Majors groups and Company’s Department groups, respectively. 2: Disclosed and sequenced BIM barriers in the company based on their criticality. 3: verifying reliably how BIM attributes are important to oil and gas construction projects in Iraq, 4: the company top management and company policies are the most critical potential factors to hinder or adopt and implement BIM in the company, 5: while cost is not seen a critical barrier to implement BIM in the oil and gas sector. Research limitations/implications The limitation of this study is the excluding of decision makers of BOC, thus more profound future studies need to be conducted where top management and decision makers are involved, particularly the present study demonstrated that support of company top management is the most critical factor which can help the company to adopt (BIM). Originality/value The study concludes that BIM approach is valuable for managing projects in oil and gas sector in Iraq and identify the originality in output by using the research method. This noble study provides a leverage for enhanced research to adopt and implement building information modeling (BIM) in Iraq as the study originally demonstrates benefits and identifies the critical barriers in BIM implementation to push the boundaries toward adopt Digitalization and reduce CO2 emission in Iraqi oil and gas sector. The study can be used as evidence and platform to encourage professionals and practitioners to present more sophisticated tools of BIM in the oil and gas industry, especially for facility and operation management. These findings achieved via oil and gas experts, and it is first time to achieve such findings from a case study in Iraqi oil and gas sector.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a revolutionary technology and process which has led to new ways of thinking and working in construction project delivery. Governments around the world are promoting BIM capacity to eliminate waste on public projects and even mandating its use as part of the reform of the public construction sector and cost-saving strategy. In the UK, the government has declared that no public projects can be accepted without using BIM by 2016. Evidence shows that BIM adoption among small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) is currently lagging behind and they are losing out in wining publicly funded projects. There are existing sets of frameworks and matrixes developed to assist BIM implementation. However, guidance and frameworks for SMEs are lacking at the present time. This paper reports on criteria and framework as a part of an ongoing study that seeks to develop a web-based Decision Support System (DSS) to assist SMEs to broker risks and rewards of adopting BIM in project delivery. The paper presents the framework and its criteria of the proposed DSS assists SMEs to make informed decisions about whether or not use BIM to deliver building projects, according to specific criteria and queries. This includes tradeoff risks and rewards, broken down into several criteria such as BIM readiness, involvement stage, project value, funding and procurement route.

Views, drawings, and data extracted from building information modeling (BIM) constitute essential deliverables throughout the lifecycle of an architecture, engineering, and construction project, offering crucial insights for comprehending the design. Nevertheless, many employers evaluating BIM deliverables lack standardized criteria for the specific intended use of each BIM outcome, which hampers the practical utility of BIM results. This study introduces a quantitative evaluation method for the management of BIM-based two-dimensional (2D) deliverables. The BIM outcome measurement index for 2D deliverables (BOMI-2D) is formulated to provide a quantitative assessment of BIM data, focusing on their composition, structure, data readiness, and consistency. Pilot tests validated the efficacy of BOMI-2D, revealing an impressive 88.3% reduction in additional work required for 2D deliverables when data readiness increased by 25% and consistency improved by 32%. BOMI-2D is poised to play a pivotal role as an evaluation index for BIM data and outcomes, ultimately enhancing their utilization and productivity.

Purpose The recent research trend of building information modelling (BIM) involves interoperability and issues pertaining to the design, construction, operations, and maintenance phases of a building. However, few researchers are concerned with problems encountered in the last two phases of the building life cycle. Since BIM has been widely used in the design and construction phases, further expanding the BIM data stream to the post-construction phase can not only establish a consistent, shared database for information exchange between the phases but assist in current facility management applications. This research reconceptualises BIM with object-oriented thoughts to a space-based representation, and tries to construct an interface between BIM and existing facility management software. Method Model-driven architecture (MDA) is one of the modern software design approaches. With its foundation – meta-object facility (MOF) – and model transformation, MDA provides an ideal solution for easily maintaining the interoperability. In this research, a MOF of a building is constructed by imitating the MDA approach, encapsulating BIM data and providing an interface for external facility management software. This MOF of a building is designed with spatial interference due to the maintenance and repair work is usually based on the space. Results & Discussion A conceptual demonstration of disaster mitigation is conducted to test the feasibility of using MDA to encapsulate BIM data for extended applications. Furthermore, the expected results are reconstructing maintenance records to a space-based database for a better software design and a solution for interoperability.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the methods that can be used to enhance project effectiveness. However, its implementation in Indonesia is relatively low. This issue is attributed to various inhibiting factors. This research aims to identify the BIM implementation barriers and the mitigation steps that need to be taken. A survey was conducted using both closed-ended questionnaire and open-ended questionnaire. The intended respondents were stakeholders stakeholders who have understandings of BIM, and have previously applied BIM in construction projects. The analysis of closed-ended questions was performed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to identify the levels of influence of inhibiting factors on BIM implementation. Meanwhile, open-ended questions were analysed to gather opinions regarding solution approaches to the barriers to BIM implementation. The result of this study indicate that software and hardware costs are the major barrier to implementing BIM in construction projects. Additionally, factors such as lack of knowledge and understanding of BIM, difficulty in changing or transitioning work culture, investment costs and profits uncertainty of BIM, and a lack of awareness of the BIM benefits are other obstacles that need attention. To promote the realization of BIM implementation, steps such as socialization, training and certification, as well as government support in facilitating BIM implementation in construction projects, are expected to be realized.

The widespread use of knowledge management in a wide range of applications aids in professionally and wisely streamlining the procedure to produce improved outcomes and deliverables. Knowledge management is essential in the construction sector due to the considerable investment, extended deadlines and the need for higher performance efficiency and quality. The usage of BIM in construction projects has simplified the procedures required in building construction. The fundamental motivation behind the creation of BIM was the need to apply knowledge management approaches to make projects more sustainable and compliant with green building requirements. There are various limitations and risks associated with using BIM in construction projects, such as issues with file sharing and data security. This research examines numerous BIM benefits and drawbacks from a variety of angles, providing information and various measures for building the program. BIM adoption in construction projects includes a wide range of benefits as well as drawbacks. The relationship between the variety of information and outcomes was explored using different findings from numerous scientific studies that looked at the use of BIM in the construction sector. Due to the wide range of data that is available in the BIM sector, numerous areas were also found in this study. A thorough analysis was undertaken to present a variety of author viewpoints from various articles. This report's strengths and weaknesses have been noted. It has been demonstrated that BIM has additional benefits, including meeting client expectations, reducing design errors, and achieving project sustainability. However, there are also drawbacks to BIM, including user skill gaps, ambiguous standards and protocols, and transfer data problems. A few studies have addressed some of the research gaps and limitations in some of the domains. Additionally, these regions were thoroughly addressed from many authors' points of view.