Human-Based Design and Digital Fabrication: Behavioral Mapping Parametric Knitter (BMPK)

A novel model is presented to explain human social behavior. In recent years, a cephalo-caudal directionality to behavior has been reported in a few mammals including rodents, cattle and cats. This model shows how complex human behavior also follows this rule of cephalo-caudal directionality. The positions of the lower motor neurons mediating the specific acts in the cephalo-caudal neural axis are considered to be an important correlate of the act. The model consists of a primary layer, consisting of the orienting modules – eyes, head and body and a secondary layer consisting of the six transmitting channels – the eyes, facial expression, speech, upper limbs, lower limbs and the external genitalia. The model demonstrates through multiple examples that complex human behavior also follows a cephalo caudal directionality, both in the orienting modules as well as in the transmitting channels. In this paradigm, conciliatory and agonistic communications are examined as prototypes for analysis of more complex dominant and submissive behavior as well as psychiatric conditions such as mania and depression. The model is sensitive to the social context of behavior which is without precedent in the literature. Further, the concept of ‘mobility gradient’ is applied to human behavior to understand motor behavior in depression and mania and catatonic behavior. Finally, certain issues pertinent to difficulties of behavioral description and model building in human behavior are discussed. The model emphasizes the role of objective behavioral description paradigms that borrow from concepts in comparative psychology and animal behavior.

The production of emotional tears appears to be uniquely present in Homo sapiens. Despite the ubiquity of this human behavior, research is only just beginning to uncover the neurobiologic underpinnings of human emotional crying. In this article, we review the current state of the literature investigating the neurobiologic aspects of this uniquely human behavior, including the neuroanatomical, neurochemical, and psychophysiologic findings. To set the context for this review, we first provide a brief overview of the evolutionary background and functions of tearful crying. Despite an accumulating understanding of the neurobiology of human emotional crying, the primary sources of information are currently from animal studies and observations in neurologic patients suffering from pathologic crying. Currently, most of the research on the neurobiology of crying in humans has focused on autonomic physiologic processes underlying tearful crying, which may yield essential clues regarding the neural substrates of the production of crying behavior and its effects on the crier. Further challenges in elucidating the neurobiology of crying involve the complexity of crying behavior, which includes vocalizations, tear production, the involvement of facial musculature, subjective emotional experience, emotion regulatory behaviors, and social behaviors. Future research is needed to comprehensively characterize the neurobiology of this intriguing and complex human behavior.

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size NotesSalvatore R. Maddi, Personality Theories: A Comparative Analysis (Illinois, The Dorsey Press, 1968), p. 86.Thomas J. Sergiovanni, “Factors Which Affect Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction of Teachers,” Organizations and Human Behavior: Focus on Schools, ed. by Fred D. Carver and Thomas J. Sergiovanni (New York, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1969), p. 258.Ibid., p. 257.Ibid., p. 258.Chris Argyris, “Individual Actualization in Complex Organizations,” Organizations and Human Behavior: Focus on Schools, ed. by Fred D. Carver and Thomas J. Sergiovanni (New York,. McGraw Hill Book Company, 1969), p. 196.Douglas McGregor, “The Human Side of Enterprise,” Organizations and Human Behavior: Focus on Schools, ed. by Fred D. Carver and Thomas J. Sergiovanni (New York, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1969), p. 154.Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organizations (New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1966), pp. 76–77.

Purpose. To identify and analyze the presence of Genius loci in the architectural language of the Church of St. Basil the Great in Kyiv as a form of spatial and artistic expression of the site’s unique intonation. The research aims to reveal how the church not only harmoniously responds to the cultural and historical context of its environment but, through a subtle interplay of architectural techniques and symbols, shapes and conveys the distinctive spirit of the place, embodying its multi-layered essence in a contemporary architectural image. Methodology. The research applies an interdisciplinary approach that includes the analysis of historical sources and archaeological materials from the Kopyriv Kynets area to clarify its cultural and historical context, a review of excavation results on the church site to reconstruct its historical fabric, the study of architectural forms of the Church of St. Basil the Great in the context of the traditions of Kyivan Rus’, the Halych-Volhynian Principality, Carpathian bell towers, and Kyiv watchtowers as components of local architectural identity. A spatial analysis of the building’s interaction with the landscape and terrain is also conducted as a means of architectural interpretation of Genius loci. In addition, an interpretative analysis of architectural elements as symbols and artistic means of expressing the unique intonation and spirit of the place is performed. Results. The architectural concept of the Church of St. Basil the Great in Kyiv is based on a profound comprehension of the historical and archaeological context of the area, which serves as the foundation for the architectural interpretation of Genius loci. The natural terrain and spirit of the place determined the formation of a unique terraced structure that organically integrates into the slopes of the ravine, creating a holistic spatial image. It has been established that the architectural forms of the church synthesize the traditions of Kyivan Rus’ and the Halych-Volhynian Principality, reinterpreted through the lens of contemporary architectural expression, emphasizing the building’s deep connection to Genius loci. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comprehensive interdisciplinary analysis of the Church of St. Basil the Great in Kyiv has been conducted through the prism of the Genius loci concept as a spatial and symbolic category. A new interpretation is proposed of the interaction between architectural form and the historical-cultural context of Kopyriv Kynets, and mechanisms of conveying the site’s intonation through architectural means of expression have been identified. Practical relevance. The research results can be applied in contemporary sacred architecture design, in teaching architectural composition and architectural history. The material will be useful to architects and researchers striving to preserve local identity in design practice and cultural policy.

The role of cognition in complex human behavior: A contextualistic perspective

In this paper we argue that behavior analysts have tended to neglect the study of important aspects of complex human behavior, including cognition and emotion. This relative neglect has been costly in terms of mainstream psychology's perception of the field of behavior analysis and in terms of our ability to provide a more thorough account of human behavior. Observations and findings from the clinical context are offered as examples of behavior that are not readily explained by the three-term contingency, and we argue that an adequate account of these behaviors must include principles derived from recent behavior-analytic work, in particular a better understanding of the short- and long-term effects of establishing operations. The concept of the establishing operation and its implications for understanding complex human behavior are discussed.

Rapid advances in modern computing and information technology have enabled millions of people to interact online via various social network and gaming services. The widespread adoption of such online services have made possible analysis of large-scale archival data containing detailed human interactions, presenting a very promising opportunity to understand the rich and complex human behavior. In collaboration with a leading global provider of Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs), here we present a network science-based analysis of the interplay between distinct types of user interaction networks in the virtual world. We find that their properties depend critically on the nature of the context-interdependence of the interactions, highlighting the complex and multilayered nature of human interactions, a robust understanding of which we believe may prove instrumental in the designing of more realistic future virtual arenas as well as provide novel insights to the science of collective human behavior.

The development of the Internet era acts on every change brought by spatial design so that the application of virtual reality technology in spatial design solutions begins to emerge. In this paper, firstly, combining the general process of visualization and the characteristics of visual variables, seven visual variables are selected for preliminary 3D visual representation, and their applicability under virtual reality space is analyzed. The HSV color space is also used for visual coding. According to the intuitive nature of visual perception of spatial design, a multiple visual variables mapping model based on VR is proposed. Considering the sequential characteristics of spatial design, PCA-LSTM spatial design classification model is proposed, and virtual space is applied in spatial design by local changes of the top surface, ground surface, and vertical interface. The simulation experiments are conducted by selecting SVM, BP neural network, and LSTM network as the comparison algorithms, and the results show that the accuracy of both the training set and the test set is found to be improved based on the PCA-LSTM classification model for spatial design classification, which is 4.9% and 9.49% higher than the traditional LSTM algorithm, respectively, verifying the PCA-LSTM for spatial design The effectiveness of PCA-LSTM for spatial design classification is verified. This study cleverly uses the design technique of virtual space to better apply virtual space in spatial design.

Human abnormal physical and psychological behaviors, such as high level of stress, may result in negative impacts on work and life, if not handled efficiently. However, the continuous collection of behavioral data from questionnaires is not feasible, as is often the case for the natural downside of survey data gathering. Thanks to the proliferation of mobile sensors, it brings compelling opportunities for us to more deeply analyze human behavior. In this work, we ask the question of detecting anomalies in human physical and psychological behaviors from multivariate temporal data from multi-modal sensors. In the past decades, many efforts have been made in developing anomaly detection methods, but there remain several challenges in this specific domain problem: 1) data contains missing values at random positions. 2) data from multiple sensors is of multi-resolution and multivariate. 3) human behaviors are correlated to each other, thus it poses a multi-label problem. 4) the available labeled instances are limited, which requires the semi-supervised learning setting. 5) the frequency of anomaly occurrence is much smaller than that of normal instances, leading to imbalance problems. We propose a novel framework MBead to resolve these concerns. MBead consists of three key components: reweighted autoencoder to capture the dependency across temporal domain and multiple modalities, relevance learning module to learn the pairwise relations among labeled instances, and temporal prediction module to detect the anomalies while trained in semi-supervised settings. Extensive experiments show our MBead outperforms seven state-of-art baselines on three tasks of behavior anomaly detection: stress, affect, and work performance.

Our society is organized around a number of (interdependent) global systems. Logistic and supply chains, health services, energy networks, financial markets, computer networks, and cities are just a few examples of such global, complex systems. These global systems are socio-technical and involve interactions between complex infrastructures, man-made processes, natural phenomena, multiple stakeholders, and human behavior. For the first time in the history of manking, we have access to data sets of unprecedented scale and accuracy about these infrastructures, processes, natural phenomena, and human behaviors. In addition, progress in high-performancing computing, data mining, machine learning, and decision support opens the possibility of looking at these problems more holistically, capturing many of these aspects simultaneously. This paper addresses emergent architectures enabling controlling, predicting and reaoning on these systems.

Research has suggested that complex animal and human behaviors can be influenced strongly by particular neurons and neurochemistry (NEJM JW Gen Med Jul

Creation of modern architecture in accordance with the precepts of sustainable development requires an integrated and synergistic design for both new-built and refurbished buildings. The buildings should demonstrate not only the aesthetics, functionality and durability but also have harmless impact on the environment, be effective in material and energy consumption and take into account any risk factors from the point of view of human life and health. Wood, one of the oldest construction materials used by man is present in the built environment from the beginning of the history of architecture. Modernism was characterized by the gradual displacement of wood by other building materials: ceramics, concrete and steel. Physical properties, ease of shaping and effortless process of production, combined with the exceptional ecological potential of wood make wooden structures are widespread again after a period of relative contraction. Creating complex forms in the contemporary architecture and the development of digital design tools coupled with computer technology and CNC woodworking give designers new possibilities for shaping architectural forms. Curvilinear architecture (free form design) rejects Cartesian geometry and conventional language of Euclidean shapes. This article analyzes architectural structures characterized by curvilinear forms and the use of wood as a building material of construction.

This paper explores potential uses of publicly created behavioral data for spatial (re)design. The widespread use of mobile devices and access to the Internet has made spontaneous sharing of information about one's life increasingly common. These emerging trends of pervasive life logging and sensing in communal space provoke new opportunities for designers and architects. This paper reports on work in progress, introducing a set of tools to support spatial design via the collection and analysis of human behavior using Twitter, and presents the result of a workshop using the tools in a university library in Japan. We offer ways to analyze and visualize the data and discuss what we can observe from the collected data that may be useful for designing such communal spaces.

Community-Based Digital Fabrication Workshops: A Review of the Research Literature.

Ernst Moerk and the Puzzle of Zero-Trial Learning