Human by Design: An Ethical Framework for Human Augmentation

Increased automation, immersion and data insights through us of AI and AR are transforming today's academic marketing research. However, ethical implications of these technologies on privacy, algorithmic bias and accountability are a concern despite their transformative power. In this chapter, a systematic literature review using the Theory, Context, Characteristics and Methodology (TCCM) framework was utilised to investigate ethical implications of disruptive (AI) and immersive technologies (AR) in marketing research. Utilising peer reviewed articles from indexed journals in Scopus and Web of Science, this chapter analyses tensions among ethical principles on disruptive and immersive technologies, develops a comprehensive ethical framework and suggests the future research agenda.

Scientific Investments Continue to Fuel Improvements in Oral Health (May 2000–Present)

Introduction: This article delves into the main trends in educational management in Higher Education Institutions. It highlights the urgent need for universities to adapt their management frameworks to address challenges related to digital transformation, sustainability, and quality assurance. Objective: This study aims to explore and analyze the ever-evolving landscape of educational management in higher education institutions. Method: The methodology includes a comprehensive review of relevant literature published between 2019 and 2024 in the Scopus database. By combining bibliometric analysis with qualitative assessments, this study provides a nuanced understanding of the trends shaping educational management in the higher education sector. Result: This study's results reveal a significant increase in scientific production related to educational management, accompanied by a rise in international collaboration. Emerging topics such as digital transformation, sustainability management, and adaptive leadership are significant focus areas within the field. Conclusions: This study underscores the need to explore less-researched areas, such as the ethical implications of technology and the importance of developing more inclusive and sustainable strategies for university management. It also emphasizes that digital transformation, organizational leadership, and sustainability will be key areas for future research. Empirical contribution: This study's empirical contribution lies in its thorough analysis of current trends and future perspectives in educational management in higher education institutions. By combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies, this research provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of educational management.

Digitization is an ever-increasing feature of today's society and the ongoing and often nonlinear diffusion of technology has an impact on several aspects of work. For example., existing methods and processes often need to change., established cultures are challenged., new knowledge is necessary., whereas ethical implications should be revisited. Moreover., while technology changes., it also alters the skills needed by graduates., especially in terms of social and ethical competences. The current paper explores the relationship of societal and ethical considerations for students in the light of technology diffusion., and whether education needs to employ specific learning strategies in the curriculum to instill ethical values and skills to technology major students. The analysis draws on the findings of a survey conducted among students to identify what ethical requirements and tools are aware of., how such ethical considerations can be applied at the workplace and the ethical implications for the technologies they currently use. A number of important practical implications stem by the findings., which may be linked to societal and ethical considerations in education.

The ethical and legal challenges posed by assisted reproduction techniques are both profound and breathtaking, with most societies unable to fully comprehend one technique before another one, even more daring,...

For centuries, knowledge about the heart, one of the most important organs in the human body, was limited to assumptions and theories. These ideas often served as a basis for understanding the functioning of the circulatory system, but they lacked scientific confirmation. It was not until the 17th century that scientists began to conduct more detailed, although often risky, experiments that shed light on the functioning of the heart. These experiments marked the beginning of reliable insights into the functioning of the circulatory system. As medical knowledge developed, the focus shifted to the treatment of circulatory system diseases. Initially, treatment consisted of minor procedures, but advances in science and technology paved the way for groundbreaking achievements. A historic milestone occurred on December 7, 1967, when the world's first successful heart transplant was performed. This achievement revolutionized medicine, giving new hope to patients with serious heart diseases. Today, a heart transplant is often considered a treatment of last resort, saving lives when other treatments have failed and significantly reducing mortality from cardiovascular disease (Circulatory System Disease). Despite advances in medical science, cardiovascular disease remains a global health challenge, affecting about 40% of the world's population. In Poland alone, about 12 million people suffer from conditions such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke or atherosclerosis. These diseases have become a major public health problem, underlining the importance of prevention, early detection and advanced treatment options to combat their prevalence and impact.

We are entering an era of unprecedented opportunities and challenges in health and medicine. With recent advances in science and technology, as well as the advent of big data, we have seen tremendous developments in biomedical science and the practice of medicine. Yet, the global disease burden continues to rise, demand for care is increasing, costs are unsustainable, and health inequity persists. Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the No. 1 disease burden, driven by the rise in noncommunicable diseases such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. The need for cardiovascular medicine will continue to grow as the global population ages and developing countries become more affluent, adopt a Western lifestyle, and become more urbanized. There have been impressive advances in cardiovascular diagnostics and therapeutics in the areas of precision medicine, molecular/metabolic imaging, endovascular procedures, gene and cell therapies, RNA therapeutics, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, and digital health. However, cardiovascular care is fragmented and expensive. Furthermore, in the current healthcare landscape, access, quality, and costs are top priorities. The Affordable Care Act introduced a number of payment and delivery system reforms to increase the quality of health care while controlling costs, such as accountable care organizations, patient-centered medical homes, and mechanisms to link payments to quality. This value-focused health care is here to stay; therefore, we must adopt this approach for cardiovascular medicine. Importantly, we must do more to move from a disease-treatment model to a model that prioritizes and enables prevention. Unfortunately, current health challenges do not always lend themselves to straightforward solutions. There is a real need for evidence-based, independent, and nonpolitical advice that can inform health policy and thereby shape solutions and drive change. Indeed, society can benefit enormously from the activities of an independent scientific academy with the directive to mobilize the best minds to provide objective …

The tensions between scientific advancement and moral applications of legislation are at the political forefront of the polarizing nature of the United States. As the Supreme Court of the United States proceeds to forego stare decisis in different fields of the law, states have been delegated more power to implement restrictive laws. Notably, the Supreme Court of the United States held in Dobbs that laws regulating abortion are under the purview of state legislation. Subsequently, the Alabama Supreme Court held in LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine P.C. that frozen extrauterine embryos be given the constitutional guarantees of children—removing their previous classification as property. Thus, research and the utilization of in vitro fertilization encompassing embryos have halted in the state. Additionally, the United States has failed to implement federal legislation regarding the regulation of human embryonic stem cell research. Instead, the Dickey-Wicker Act prevents federal funding from being granted for research relating to human embryonic stem cells. Further, the Leahy-Smith America Invents Act prohibits the ability for claims encompassing embryos from being patented. As scientific technology advances, the utilization of a federal policy to provide regulation and transparency to American citizens is necessary as a way to incentivize the creation of life-saving medications and scientific advancements through the ethical use of human embryonic stem cells. Currently, the lack of a federal scheme creates ambiguity and risks to the advancement of and right to science.

Advances in science and technology is growing. Almos every agency of government has felt the impact of technology advances. In order to meet the performance and mobility of the employees would not want to participate and take advantage of the technologycal sophistication. Advances in technology, innovation and efficiency continue to be done to support the performance of employees in a varity ways, including viewing and analyzing th enumber of people unemployed in a region. So this study is more on providing information and analysis on the spred factor of unemployment in a region.

In the years that have passed since publication of the Club of Rome's seminal report “Limits to Growth,” the issues raised in terms of development, resource use and the environment have become ever more pressing. The potential of advances in science and technology to affect all aspects of life, including development, was then little understood. Today's unparalleled burst in scientific and technological creativity has given new options and opportunities to the world economic system. Central to this process is a series of concepts which includes the scientification of technology, by which technology is increasingly generated and developed on scientific bases, the breaking down of interdisciplinary barriers and mankind's new found capacity literally to invent resources, leading to the emergence of whole categories of new materials. These changes make possible a new approach to economic growth, relying on decentralization and flexibility and the selection of technology mixes best suited to different ...

The teachings of Hinduism as stated in the holy book Veda are a guide for Hindus to live a holy life. However, along with advances in science and technology (IPTEK), Hindus have paid less attention to the sacred teachings of the Vedas, Advances in science and technology in this era of globalization have resulted in many changes in various aspects of life, both economic, social. Chanting is a form of spiritual activity by chanting a mantra or God's name repeatedly, By doing Japa, it is believed that you can eliminate mental impurities such as lust, anger, greed and so on. So Sadu Gunawan is the one who shapes the child's personality into a Suputra child with noble character. Based on the background above, there are three problem formulations obtained, including: (1) Why is the implementation of chanting a strategy for forming Budhi Character education at Prshanti Nilayam Vocational School, Kuta District, Badung Regency? (2) How does the process of implementing chanting a strategy for forming Budhi Character education at Prshanti Nilayam Vocational School, Kuta District, Badung Regency? (3) What are the implications of the implementation of chanting a strategy for forming Budhi Character education in religious practice at Prshanti Nilayam Vocational School, Kuta District, Badung Regency? The theories used to analyze this problem formulation are: Constructivism theory, Structural Functional theory, and Value theory. The subjects of this research were students of Prshanti Nilayam Vocational School, Kuta District, Badung Regency. The methods used to collect data are: observation method, interview method, literature study, and documentation method. The data that has been collected is analyzed using a qualitative descriptive analysis method with reduction steps, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show (1) The form of chanting has a multifunctional form and is very useful for improving moral character and increasing sradha and devotional service towards Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa (God Almighty). (2) The process of implementing japa. Hindu religious teachers act as coaches for students by applying the rules for chanting. The mantra used is the Vaikhari Japa method, namely by using mantras including the Gayatri Mantra or Savitri Mantra, Pancaksara Siva Mantra, and Saraswati Mantra. (3) There are implications of Hindu religious education that is instilled through the implementation of Japa, including the growth of faith and devotion towards Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, the development of ethical values or behavior (morals), the growth of an attitude of sacrifice (Yadnya), and there are also several implications for Hindu religious teachers in teaching, namely being disciplined, efficient, honest, creative, friendly, and compassionate.

604 SCIENCE FICTION STUDIES, VOLUME 48 (2021) dimensional alien” (63). Moving beyond the work of Lovecraft, Steadman persists in using problematic language when describing “mentally-challenged person[s]” (124, 209) in Asimov’s “… That Thou Art Mindful of Him” (1974) and Gibson’s Mona Lisa Overdrive respectively. He goes on to describe Asimov’s Late Solarians as hermaphrodites and “alien monstrosities” who have taken “their obsessive fears of human contact and sexuality to extreme levels” (153). And finally, in a most perplexing instance, Steadman dedicates an entire paragraph to what he frames as a prescient parallel between the Solarian civilization and “the situation of our millenials in the twenty-first century” (153). Connecting the extreme isolation and technological dependency of these advanced Spacers to the modern-day use of smart phones and other electronic devices, he writes, “Although the millenials have not yet reached the levels of isolation and solipsistic self-absorption that the Solarians have obtained, nevertheless, they seem to be well on their way towards achieving this end” (153). While warning, as Steadman does, against a future with “no room in it for alien love” (245), the lack of critical and self-reflective analysis in this book ultimately falls short of what our current moment most requires. These recurring instances of alienation diminish the value of a text otherwise worthy of praise.—E. Mariah Spencer, University of Iowa Thinking with Science Fiction. Sherryl Vint. Science Fiction. MIT, 2021. 207 pp. $15.95 pbk. Sherryl Vint’s well-conceived, informative, and concise new introduction to science fiction is one of a dozen 2021 entries in MIT Press’s ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE series, dedicated, as the series statement says, to offering accessible, expert overviews of “topics of current interest.” This is especially worth noting because Science Fiction is the only volume in the entire series (not just among the 2021 entries) dedicated to a narrative genre. The most closely related topics are volumes on Critical Thinking, Deconstruction, and Hate Speech; otherwise the topics skew toward technical matters such as Algorithms, Biofabrication, Ketamine, and AI Assistants or to social issues such as Gender(s) or Death and Dying. The inclusion of science fiction as a topic in the series is striking evidence in support of Vint’s main thesis, that science fiction is an increasingly important cultural vernacular “for thinking about and intervening in the world” (1-2). Therefore, she explains, “This book is about what science fiction can do, not a catalogue of important authors and titles” (2). This is not in the least a promise to unveil science fiction’s formal essence, something Vint does not think it has. She stresses instead the diversification and globalization of science fiction in recent decades, emphasizing that the genre is “embraced by many communities of practice, often to significantly divergent ends and with correspondingly different aesthetic and formal strategies” (14). The genre’s internal discord, the “tension between scientific extrapolation and social change [that] lies at [its] heart,” is the keynote of Vint’s exposition of its history and contemporary shape (10). She sets out as her main goal to explain how science fiction complements conversations about 605 BOOKS IN REVIEW “visions of desirable futures, animated by shared understandings of forms of social life and social order attainable through, and supportive of, advances in science and technology” (17, quoting science studies scholar Sheila Jasanoff) by doing something “more urgently needed—namely, it critically interrogates who is part of the collective creating those ‘shared understandings.’ Social as well as technological change is at stake in sf, which helps us think through whether ‘advances in science and technology’ are also always advances in civic and social life” (17). She concludes her introductory chapter with a claim that the book fully lives up to: “If we are living in a science-fictional world, this book aims to help us articulate more precisely what that means and to prompt us to think about actively managing—rather than passively awaiting—this future” (18). Vint fleshes out her exposition of what science fiction can do in seven thematically organized chapters. Some of the chapters tackle familiar, wellestablished contexts and motifs of sf: the utopian tradition; the colonial imagination; robots...

Sustainable development necessitates the management of progress in science and technology for society's betterment while preserving Earth's resources. In this regard, the appearance in recent years of low-cost sophisticated products consuming resources economically is a force for good. This effort terms each of these products as an advanced frugal innovation to highlight the frugality in resource consumption during the realization of these innovations through advances in various scientific disciplines. Other than 25 examples of advanced frugal innovations in a wide range of sectors from rural electrification to particle physics, a framework for the systematic realization of such innovations for sustainable development has also been described. The innovations showcased bring out the use of advances in science and technology or cutting edge knowledge for creating these low-cost sophisticated products. Moreover, the need for innovators typically with training in advanced knowledge areas to handle the sophistication in technology for the successful fruition of these innovations is also discussed. This effort supports the frugal design and frugal engineering of innovations, whether grassroots or the advanced type, through sound scientific principles for the creation of robust products, especially where the human life is at stake, in various sectors for all-round sustainable development.

In 2015, more than 800 papers were published in the field of pulmonary hypertension. A Clinical Year in Review article cannot possibly incorporate all this work and needs to be selective. The recently published European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension contain an inclusive summary of all published clinical studies conducted until very recently. Here, we provide an overview of papers published after the finalisation of the guideline. In addition, we summarise recent advances in pulmonary vasculature science. The selection we made from the enormous amount of published work undoubtedly reflects our personal views and may not include all papers with a significant impact in the near or more distant future. The focus of this paper is on the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, understanding the success of combination therapy on the right ventricle and scientific breakthroughs.

Advances in genetic technology in general and medical genetics in particular will enable us to intervene in the process of human biological development which extends from zygotes and embryos to people. This will allow us to control to a great extent the identities and the length and quality of the lives of people who already exist, as well as those we bring into existence in the near and distant future. Genes and Future People explores two general philosophical questions, one metaphysical, the other moral: (1) How do genes, and different forms of genetic intervention (gene therapy, genetic enhancement, presymptomatic genetic testing of adults, genetic testing of preimplantation embryos), affect the identities of the people who already exist and those we bring into existence? and (2) How do these interventions benefit or harm the people we cause to exist in the near future and those who will exist in the distant future by satisfying or defeating their interest in having reasonably long and disease-free lives?Genes and Future People begins by explaining the connection between genes and disease, placing genetic within a framework of evolutionary biology. It then discusses such topics as how genes and genetic intervention influence personal identity, what genetic testing of individuals and the knowledge resulting from it entails about responsibility to others who may be at risk, as well as how gene therapy and genetic enhancement can affect the identities of people and benefit or harm them. Furthermore, it discusses various moral aspects of cloning human beings and body parts. Finally, it explores the metaphysical and moral implications of genetic manipulation of the mechanisms of aging to extend the human life span.The aim Genes and Future People is to move philosophers, bioethicists, and readers in general to reflect on the extent to which genes determine whether we are healthy or diseased, our identities as persons, the quality of our lives, and our moral obligations to future generations of people.