Humanized design strategy of urban public space based on multi-objective optimization algorithm

This study examines the importance of inclusive design and accessibility of urban public spaces for people with disabilities (PWDs) in areas around Kuala Lumpur. The main focus is to create an inclusive community, in accordance with the concept of ‘City for All’, regardless of social, cultural, economic, or religious status. This is in line with the Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) where target 11.7.1., is that urban public open spaces are for the use of all people, regardless of gender, age, and ability. This has identified two main problems, namely, the negative perceptions of accessibility and the design of urban public spaces that does not often meet the needs for the mobility of PwDs and senior citizens. The aim is to establish criterias for universal design in public spaces that are characterized by inclusivity and are easily accessible to all people of the society. The methodology used includes data collection through interviews and direct observation in selected case studies. This process produces not only theoretical basis but also has practical applications in implementing inclusive public spaces in dense urban areas. The result highlights the urgent need for improvements in inclusive planning and the provision of more accessible facilities for all diverse ability. Therefore, improving existing infrastructure to ensure that all individuals can participate inclusively in social life and public space recreation can be realized in major urban public areas in Malaysia.

Cities are human ecosystems. Understanding human ecology is important for designing and planning the built environment. The ability to respond to changes and adapt actions in a positive way helps determine the health of cities. Recently, many studies have highlighted the great potential of photographic data shared on the Flickr platform for the analysis of environmental perceptions in landscape and urban planning. Other research works used panoramic images from the Google Street View (GSV) web service to extract urban quality data. Although other researches have used social media to characterize human habitat from an emotional point of view, there is still a lack of knowledge of the correlation between environmental and physical variables of the city and visual perception, especially at a scale suitable for urban planning and design. In ecology, the environmental suitability of a territory for a given biological community is studied through species distribution models (SDM). In this work we have adopted the state of the art of SDM (the ensemble approach) to develop a methodology transferable to cities with different sizes and characteristics that uses data deriving from many sources available on a global scale: social media platform, Google internet services, shared geographical information, remote sensing and geomorphological data. The result of our application in the city of Livorno offers important information on the most significant variables for the conservation, planning and design of urban public spaces at the project scale. However, further research developments will be needed to test the model in cities of different sizes and geographic locations, integrate the model with other social media, other databases and with traditional surveys and improve the quality of indicators that can be derived from information shared on the Internet.

The purpose: to analyse and synthesize research on urban street space and the evolution of urban streetscape design concepts, tracing their origins, development, classifications, and design practices.
 Methodology. The study conducts a historical and theoretical review of scientific and literary sources, employing methods of analysis, systematization, classification, and summarization of the obtained results.
 Results. Classical theories of designing public spaces, as well as the development of concepts related to spatial perception and a human-centric approach in design, have been examined and analysed. The interaction of these theories with big data and artificial intelligence in the research and design of urban public spaces has been identified, revealing that such collaboration accelerates the emergence of cutting-edge theoretical and practical innovations.
 Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis conducted, three main research directions in street space are identified and systematized: macro-level research, micro-level research, and research in urban design practices.
 Practical significance: The results of this research establish theoretical foundations and outline directions for the future development of studies in the field of street space design. They can be utilized by architects and urban designers in the process of planning and design.

In the early 1960s, historic Ghirardelli Square was crafted from old factory buildings by leading modernist architects, landscape architects, and innumerable allied artists, and to great acclaim emerged from the transformative crosscurrents of the Bay Area in that decade. In 1968 a public controversy over a new sculpture in Ghirardelli stirred latent attitudes towards the Square as a civic place and as an artifact of urban design. Landscape architect Lawrence Halprin's demand for the removal of Ruth Asawa's mermaid sculpture galvanized debate over men's domination of the symbols and design of urban public space. While it began as a formulaic battle over the appropriateness of abstract or representational art, the controversy revealed that a different modernism was at stake, namely the boundaries of feminism, and the presence of women and female sexuality in public places. In the local context, the mermaids offered either a wholesome, maternal alternative to the neighboring topless club scene, or confirmed fears of an encroaching, corrupting public sexuality. Focusing on the Square and sculpture controversy, this essay explores how such civic-commercial sites brokered as well as distilled urban transformation. The generational revolutions in San Francisco and the national experimentations with urban redevelopment were woven together. These two stories of arts and place-the local and the national-intertwined as San Francisco's rebuilding crossed boundaries and redrew distinctions between historical and modern, preservation and renewal, men's and women's realms, art and urban design, benign form and radical content, and civic and commercial space.

The concept of “full-age” urban public spaces is a critical aspect of modern urbanization, enhancing the multifunctionality of contemporary urban public spaces. This paper examines the design of urban public spaces using “Little Island at Park 55 in New York” as a case study. It delves into three key aspects: spatial intensive utilization, functional agglomeration, and landscape aggregation design. By thoroughly interpreting the original topography of the island space and employing classical Chinese garden techniques, particularly “scenery supporting,” this study analyzes the design evolution and core principles of the case. It summarizes the case’s value and underscores the significance and necessity of all-age inclusive design in modern urban public spaces.

Hybridization in urban planning and architecture is linked to the notions of multifunctionality and flexibility of space. It implies combining various urban structures, programs, and activities that create complex spaces. Existing theoretical discourses do not enable complex understanding of hibridization in relation to its application in the design of public urban spaces. The aim of this paper is to define the concept of hybridization and analyze the purpose and ways of its application in urban design. Using hybrid public spaces from practice, the modalities are identified, as well as the impact on the quality of public spaces, intensification of social activity, etc. The results indicate that its role can be regenerative, binding, and integrating.

The planning and construction of urban transit often pay more attention to the needs of urban traffic, and less to the needs of urban public space, which lead to the contradiction between rail transit and urban public space. The paper develops a theoretical framework for the integrated design of rail transit and public space, based on the analysis of contradictions and problems between them. First, an integrated planning method is put forward in a macro level through analyzing the interaction between rail transit network and public space system. Second, the influence factors are identified by analyzing the relationship between urban transit nodes and public spaces in all types and levels. Thus the integrated solution and pattern of rail transit nodes and public space are developed in a micro level. Third, the conceptual pattern has been applied in Wuhan city as a study case, putting forward the strategies of the integrated design of urban rail and public space of Wuhan city.

Many research projects have studied various aspects of smart environments including smart rooms, home, and offices. Few projects, however, have studied smart urban public spaces such as smart railway stations and airports due to the lack of an experimental environment. We propose virtual cities as a testbed for examining the design of smart urban public spaces. We developed an intelligent emergency guidance system for subway stations and used the virtual subway station platform to analyze the effects of the system. This experience allows us to argue that simulations in virtual cities are useful to pre-test the design of smart urban public spaces and estimate the possible outcome of real-life scenarios.

As one of the key concepts in urban studies, place identity plays a significant role in the formation and evolution of urban elements. This concept refers to the specific characteristics, history, culture, and values of a place that not only affect how residents interact with urban spaces, but also affect the design and development of public spaces. In the contemporary world, due to the expansion of urbanization and rapid social changes and Economically, preserving and strengthening the identity of a place has become one of the major challenges for planners, designers, and architects . In this regard, this study analyzes the role of place identity in the formation and evolution of urban elements with a focus on contemporary cities. Place identity as a set of characteristics, history, and culture of a place has a profound impact on social interactions, design of public spaces, and the quality of life of residents. With the rapid growth of urbanization and social and economic changes, the preservation of local identities becomes a fundamental challenge for urban planning and design has become. In this study, by examining successful and unsuccessful samples from different cities, the impact of place identity on urban elements such as public spaces, architecture, and infrastructure is analyzed. The results show that strengthening place identity can lead to the creation of attractive and sustainable spaces that increase the sense of social belonging and enhance citizens' participation. This article also emphasizes the importance of innovative approaches in planning A city refers to the preservation and promotion of local identities in the modern world. Finally, the findings are presented as a guide for urban designers and planners in order to create urban spaces in accordance with the needs and values of society.

This paper explores how urban public space design in China responds to the growing demand for solitude, with a particular focus on the unique social and cultural preferences of the one-child generation. Drawing on relational thinking and affordance theory, the study examines how public spaces intentionally designed to promote social interaction are appropriated for solitary use. Through case analyses of public spaces in Shanghai and Yantai, China, the paper reveals the emergence of improvised and serendipitous affordances that reflect changing user behaviours and cultural expectations. This paper highlights the need to move beyond intent-driven design toward a relational model that embraces adaptive, inclusive, and continuous approaches. Three practical design implications concerning relational possibilities, continuous action, and addressing cultural contexts were proposed to guide future public space practices that better address solitude as a legitimate and enriching urban experience.

<p>Public spaces constitute a relevant part of the landscape of the ordinary city. According to the European Landscape Convention, studies and designs of public spaces, in particular of open spaces, should appropriately focus on the different users who inhabit it and recognise themselves in these spaces. In this sense, close to the traditional studies on morphological characteristics, urban materials and equipment, it is useful to explore the performances of public spaces in innovative ways. This article proposes to come back to emphasise and highlight daily life, still today forgotten as a relevant component of a good design and planning of public spaces. It underlines the importance of the gaze on the everyday and ordinary for urbanism, through some introductory experiences of designed urban spaces and some concepts, such as ‘practices’ and ‘way of uses’. Moreover, it offers a review of different lines of studies on public life and other research interested in daily urban practices. Among these, the article focuses on rhythm and chronographic analysis, which describe practices of use, urban populations and their rhythms of presence within places. In conclusion are presented some opportunities that an adoption of the proposed approaches to everyday could bring to a better management, maintenance and planning of public spaces.<strong></strong></p>

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the planning, design and construction of urban public space are faced with great opportunities and challenges. The communication space between people is gradually attached importance to, designers and users need to understand each other. The type and time of urban residents' activities is an important aspect of maximizing the use value of urban public space.Based on the PSPL method, this paper makes a systematic investigation on the urban public space of the Place, and analyzes the reasons that influence the vitality from the point of view of the residents and visitors' demands for the open space in the area. Make constructive suggestions for the design of public space.

Urban space greening is of great significance for improving urban underground space environment. At present, the design of urban underground space in China mostly involves the design of underground space. However, very rare research has been conducted on the design of semi-underground space greening to date. Through case study and survey research, this study focuses on the design of domestic semi-underground space, the preliminary semi-underground space greening design scheme, and the concrete implementation process of the semi-underground public space green wall greening design. The current study employs the green wall project in a semi-underground space environment as an example to illustrate the application of greening design in urban semi-underground space, and provide guidance for future ecological design of semiunderground public space.

The prevailing paradigm in urban public open space (POS) design emphasises fostering social interaction; it overlooks the equally critical need for urban solitude, secrecy and privacy. In this study, we aim to address this gap by contextualising positive solitude (PS) in POSs within high-density urban environments and examining the spatial conditions that shape these experiences, using Hong Kong as a case study. Empirical research methods, including behavioural mapping and on-site participant observation, are used to investigate four POSs in Sham Shui Po, Kowloon City and Kwai Tsing. Through a comprehensive analysis of the role, function and utilisation of POSs, this research elucidates residents’ perceptions and practices of solitary space use, revealing that a significant proportion of Hong Kong POS users actively visit and utilise these spaces alone. Our analysis of how the physical and social characteristics of these spaces support PS experiences sheds light on the complex interplay between urban design elements and the fulfilment of residents’ solitude needs. This research provides an in-depth understanding of PS in a crowded urban setting, advocating for developing evidence-based POS design guidelines that consider appropriate support for PS behaviours and activities. Ultimately, this study contributes to the broader goal of creating more liveable and psychologically supportive urban environments, particularly in the context of high-density cities.

The article analyzes the influence of digitalization policy on the development of society, strengthening democracy and the quality future of the Black Sea region. The key direction of the research is the implementation of the innovative Smart-creative model of digitalization policy, the development of social media, the strategy of artificial intelligence and crowdsourcing, the use of the Internet and its enormous potential. The study provides an analysis of the impact of artificial intelligence on the economic growth of the world's leading countries and an analysis of implemented measures that contribute to the development of the digitalization policy of the Black Sea region. The main changes during the implementation of the digitalization policy are indicated. The proposed architecture of the digitalization policy development of the Black Sea region. It has been established that today the Black Sea region, as well as the whole of Ukraine, urgently needs to focus attention on the issue of implementing the Smart-creative innovation policy of digitization and highlighting a new idea regarding the design of public spaces, both digital and physical. It is substantiated that focusing on a well-thought-out algorithm of actions is the most important issue for ensuring comfortable and safe living conditions for the population. It is argued that in recent years the world society is becoming increasingly digital and its powerful digital infrastructure contributes to the spread of social media.It has been established that in the conditions of the accelerated integration of Ukraine into the EU, in the era of digital economic transformations, the following are the relevant issues of the development of the Black Sea region: focusing on issues of digitalization policy development in the economic sector with the creation of a strong democratic society; implementation of innovations in the public and private sectors aimed at building powerful digital spaces and networks; improving the state of interaction between science, economy, state and business; focusing attention on achievements and achievements of science; introduction of social media within the framework of modernization of the economy; actualization of new challenges and tasks for the development of digitalization; new development of digital practices of digitization and crowdsourcing; development of artificial intelligence and Smart-industry strategies. It is proven that the emergence of digital technologies and social media significantly changed the language of communication and modernity, stimulating the development of innovative Smart-creative platforms that improved the accessibility of elements of the digital economy for public perception. Currently, the development of society through digitalization of the economic space, which provides promising opportunities for creating and strengthening well-being for the future, is extremely important for the Black Sea region. That is why it is so important that a powerful digital system is created in the Black Sea region, which should implement Smart-creative innovative practices of digitalization of the economy and highlight new ideas regarding the design of public spaces, both digital and physical.It is necessary to focus on a well-thought-out algorithm of actions, the most important of which is the issue of ensuring comfortable and safe living conditions for the population.