ICCTP 2011

Prelims

Approximation of Optimal Impulsive Flyby Transfer with Terminal Inspection Constraints

This paper examines the potential for incorporating life-cycle assessment (LCA) into transportation planning and policy by drawing on analysis and precedent-setting policy structures from California. The paper first summarizes a case study of a transportation system LCA for Los Angeles County and briefly describes the existing structure of transportation policy, emissions regulation, and existing partial precedents for incorporating LCA and decision criteria into transportation policy and planning. Using standard criteria for good policy, the paper then identifies and describes six possible policy mechanisms for incorporating LCA into the transportation planning process. These include legislative requirements for project planning, a preferential finance program, a planning standard for regional transportation plans, an environmental impact assessment criterion, a criterion for selecting transportation control measures under the federal Clean Air Act, and a cap-and-trade system for transportation-related life-cycle emissions. The advantages and disadvantages of each approach are identified, with an ultimate recommendation to refine and pursue a blended approach focusing on the regional planning scale.

A power radiation monitoring system based on thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensors is studied. This monitoring system consists of three modules: a data acquisition module, a data processing and display module, and a data sharing module. It can detect the power radiation in the environment and the date information can be processed and shared. The measured results show that the thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensor and the power radiation monitoring system both have a relatively good linearity. The sensitivity of the thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensor is about 0.101 mV/mW, and the sensitivity of the monitoring system is about 0.038 V/mW. The voltage gain of the monitoring system is about 380 times, which is relatively consistent with the theoretical value. In addition, the low-frequency and low-power module in the monitoring system is adopted in order to reduce the electromagnetic pollution and the power consumption, and this work will extend the application of the thermoelectric MEMS microwave power sensor in more areas.

Photoelectron momentum distribution of hydrogen molecular ion in a circularly polarized laser pulse is calculated by solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation (3D-TDSE). At the intermediate internuclear distance, an unusual multi-peak structure is observed in the angular distribution, which is proved to be a signature of the transient localization of the electron upon alternating nucleus. By tracing the time-dependent ionization rate and bound state populations, we provide a clear evidence that the transient electron localization still exists in circularly polarized pulse and the corresponding multiple ionization bursts are directly mapped onto observable angular distributions. In addition, we introduce an intuitive strong-field approximation model which incorporates laser-induced subcycle internal electron dynamics to isolate the effect of the Coulomb potential of the parent ions. In this way, the timing of each ionization burst can be directly read out from the angular distributions. Our results suggest that the ionization time serves as a sensitive tool encoding intramolecular electron dynamics and can be measured using attoclock technique.

-3 HHE work of several writers appears largely to have succeeded in mak..Ling disreputable the once fashionable practice of crediting public investment activities in the development of water resources, in particular, with substantial "secondary" or "indirect" benefits.2 Secondary benefits in one guise or another still appear to be much in style, however, in dealing with the benefits of investments in highways and other transportation facilities. Among the benefits of highway investment to which reference is commonly made are those presumed to accrue to property owners. More specifically, many studies have demonstrated that land values tend to increase sometimes dramatically-in the vicinity of newly improved highways.3 Since these increases are independent of the extent to which the affected property owners use the highway facilities involved, such gains are quite properly labeled "non-user benefits." They are, furthermore, commonly regarded as benefits over and above those that accrue to highway users. That is to say, they are regarded as benefits that must in some way be added to those arising directly from highway use if total highway benefits are to be estimated accurately. Although widely accepted (particularly among highway planners), this final conclusion is, as it happens, fallacious. That property values increase in the vicinity of highway improvements does reflect the existence of highway benefits. Careful analysis of highwayland value relationships can yield valuable information on the magnitude of these benefits. Increases in land value are not in themselves net highway benefits, however. Rather, they reflect an actual or potential transfer of benefits derived from highways from one population group to another. Furthermore, the fact that land values generally do increase in the vicinity of highway improvements by no means guarantees that a net effect of these improvements is to increase land values as a whole. The primary goal of this paper is to demonstrate these assertions by exploring the relationship between land values on the one hand and transportation costs and reductions in them on the other. More specifically, Section I demonstrates the effects of certain types of transporta1 I am indebted to Robert Clower, William Garrison, William Pendleton, and Stephen Sobotka for much helpful advice. Richard Morrill undertook one of the preliminary analyses underlying the material reported in Section II, while Harold Williamson, Jr., directed most of the statistical work entailed in this section. The work reported here was undertaken as part of a larger study of the nature and measurement of highway benefits carried out with the support of the Bureau of Public Roads. My views do not necessarily reflect those of the Bureau, however.

Traffic safety poses a persistent challenge for society and public policy. Conventional law enforcement by human police is often cost-ineffective because of information asymmetry and negative externalities of unsafe driving behaviors. Automated enforcement, in the form of traffic cameras on the road, has gained prominence in recent decades, yet its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain debated. This study examines the impact of traffic cameras on road safety using longitudinal data from a metropolitan city in China. We distinguish between advanced cameras, which use machine learning to detect various traffic violations and constantly record video, and conventional cameras, which rely on triggered image capture for a limited number of violations. Using an event study design with staggered camera installations at road intersections, we observe a significant and sustained reduction in accidents near advanced cameras, compared with locations with no cameras or only conventional cameras. Further analysis identifies three key mechanisms driving the effects of advanced cameras: (i) automated detection effect—superior technical capabilities to automate violation detection; (ii) real-time recording effect—continuous monitoring and recording capability to augment accident cause identification; and (iii) driver learning effect—technology-enabled deterrence that increases driver awareness of these cameras and encourages behavioral adjustments to mitigate accident risks. This study contributes to information systems, transportation economics, and criminology, offering policy insights into the effective design and deployment of automated enforcement to improve traffic safety. This paper was accepted by D. J. Wu, information systems. Funding: Z. Cheng acknowledges the support of the Staff Research Fund at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Z. Dong acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Young Scientists Fund [Grant 72202247] and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation [Grant 2024A1515012806]. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00575 .

Proceedings of the First International Conference on Transportation Information and Safety, held in Wuhan, China, June 30-July 2, 2011. Sponsored and organized by Wuhan University of Technology; Transportation and Development Institute of ASCE; China Communications and Transportation Association; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. This collection contains 355 reviewed papers examining the problems and opportunities addressed by a multimodal approach for the sustained development of the transportation system in China. Modern information technologies and innovations in transportation safety management are key to improving the system efficiency and enhancing traffic safety. Multimodal and system-wide approaches are needed to develop solutions that are technically effective, socially equitable, environmentally sound, and economically viable. These papers promote sustainable transportation system development in the context of information systems and safety for four transportation areas: highways, air, rail, and water.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have developed rapidly over the last three years in Korea. This has been driven largely by rapid development of information processing, communication, and vehicle technology, combined with ever-increasing congestion on the urban streets. This is every reason to believe that ITS will be most heavily deployed in metropolitan cities of Korea, where important safety and congestion benefits. ITS is being developed as a national program to cope with diverse traffic problems in Korea. The Korea government plans to spend 1% of the total transport expenditure on research and development of ITS over the next 5 years, reaching 100-200 million US$ annually. It is suggested that the benefits of ITS systems are substantial, but that failure to address a number of important institutional issues is one major reason for failure this system to live up to expectations, at least thus far. This paper examines the institutional issues that affect the implementation of ITS in Korea. In this paper, the definition and components of ITS are explained, and the recent developments of this system are discussed. The institutional issues on ITS implementation are identified on an extensive literature review.

Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Transportation and Traffic Studies, held in Guilin, Guangxi, China, July 23-25, 2002. Sponsored by China Association for Science and Technology. Cosponsored by ASCE; Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies; Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies; Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Institute of Transport Engineers; Japan Society of Civil Engineers; China Highway and Transportation Society; China Land Society; China Railway Society; Chinese Society for Urban Studies; Northern Jaiotong University; The Geographical Society of China. This collection contains 219 peer-reviewed technical papers that explore the key policy and management issues, innovative technologies, current projects, and future prospects for traffic and transportation studies. Topics include: transportation policy, environment and sustainability, transportation planning and operation, traffic flow models and applications, urban traffic management and control, traffic accident and road safety, mass transit systems, applications of advanced technologies in transportation, transportation economics, physical distribution and logistics, transportation infrastructure and pavement systems, and transportation issues in developing countries.

This article presents the results of a microscopic traffic simulation study conducted to investigate the impact of a Congestion Assistant on traffic efficiency and traffic safety. The Congestion Assistant is an in-vehicle system in which an active pedal supports the driver when approaching congestion and a stop-and-go function when driving in congestion. The authors used an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) Modeller traffic flow simulation tool to study the effect of the Congestion Assistantin congestion caused by a lane drop. This article describes (a) how the Congestion Assistant operates and (b) the main features of the ITS Modeller. Furthermore, it examines the calibration and validation of the ITS Modeller for congestion caused by a lane drop using traffic flow measurements on a segment of the Dutch A12 highway. Simulation experiments of different penetration rates and system settings show that the stop and go leads to a 30% decrease in travel-time delay at a 10% penetration rate, while the active pedal leads to small reductions in travel-time delay. Compared with the stop-and-go function, the active pedal has fewer sharp accelerations and decelerations, which implies better traffic safety and driver comfort. The effect of the stop-and-go active pedal combination is similar to that of the stop-and-go function on its own. The authors further discuss the implications of the results.

A novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) high breakdown voltage (BV) power device with interlaced dielectric trenches (IDT) and N/P pillars is proposed. In the studied structure, the drift region is folded by IDT embedded in the active layer, which results in an increase of length of ionization integral remarkably. The crowding phenomenon of electric field in the corner of IDT is relieved by the N/P pillars. Both traits improve two key factors of BV, the ionization integral length and electric field magnitude, and thus BV is significantly enhanced. The electric field in the dielectric layer is enhanced and a major portion of bias is borne by the oxide layer due to the accumulation of inverse charges (holes) at the corner of IDT. The average value of the lateral electric field of the proposed device reaches 60 V/μm with a 10 μm drift length, which increases by 200% in comparison to the conventional SOI LDMOS, resulting in a breakdown voltage of 607 V.

IntroductionThe objective of the paper is to research the historic development of the Austrian transport policy. It explores when a transport strategy was made for the first time, from whom, and which purpose was pursuit. It shows how the objectives of the transport strategy changed over time and when passenger and freight transport took over to become the main focus of the planning process. Furthermore it is researched when, and if, there was a change from a solely sectorial mono-modal transport strategy (road, rail separated) towards an integrated transport planning process and when, and if, there was a development away from a demand-fulfillment-driven transport planning paradigm towards a transport-demand-management driven transport planning strategy.MethodsThe information used stemmed from an analysis of existing transport master plans and other political documents and reports published in Austria within the last decades. In a subsequent step the results of this analysis are assessed against the so called “Ideal Decision Making Process” (IDMP) developed in former research activities, and shows in a clear way how the transport strategy in Austria evolved and improved over time.ResultsComprehensive overview of the development of Austria’s transport strategy over time including all means of transport.ConclusionThe Austrian transport strategy evolved over the last 40 years from a sectorial, demand-fulfillment-driven transport strategy towards an integrated multi-modal, demand-management-driven transport strategy including some environmental issues. Further, an outlook is provided in which direction the national transport planning strategies should be developed to be able to tackle future challenges such economic, social and ecologic sustainability.

Welcome to First International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service (ICIMCS '2009). The conference is organized by ACM SIGMM Beijing Chapter and held from November 23 to 25 in Kunming, Yunnan, China. ICIMCS '2009 focuses on a wide variety of key issues and investigates new approaches to tackle problems arising from the fast-growing multimedia data on internet and users' diverse requirement for multimedia service. ICIMCS '2009 is a forum for researchers from the academia and the industry, professionals, standard developers to exchange information on the state-of-the-art of internet multimedia information processing technologies and applications, as well as to identify the emerging research topics and define the future of multimedia information computing from internet. We received 70 papers and only 36 oral presentations are accepted. Two special sessions were also organized by the leading young scientists in this area. We kindly acknowledge the great support provided in the reviewing of submissions by the program committee members. The many useful comments provided by the reviewing process must have been very valuable for the authors' work. We would also like to take this opportunity to acknowledge the National laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation/Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan University, China, for their dutiful logistical support. Finally we would like to thank ACM SIGMM Beijing chapter and National Science Foundation of China for sponsoring this event.

Efficient freight transportation is a key element for the economic growth and sustainability of metropolitan areas. In the United States, 80% of products are manufactured in these areas. Essentially, freight transportation systems move supplies from points of production to points of consumption, helping connect supply and demand in local, regional, national, and international markets. However, in fulfilling this role, freight transportation generates a considerable quantity of negative externalities. Now more than ever, given the rise of e-commerce, rapid urbanization rates, and the threat of climate change, it is essential that transportation and land-use policy makers—and practitioners—improve the efficiency of supply chains. This chapter presents a holistic urban freight transportation and land-use management and planning process that seeks to exploit the synergies between transportation and land-use management and planning. Next, the chapter provides a brief overview of the wide spectrum of initiatives that can promote supply chain efficiency and minimize the externalities generated by freight transportation.