ICSSD 2022 Preface

The 4th International Conference on Science and Sustainable Development (ICSSD2020) was held between 3rd and 5th August, 2020 with the theme “Advances in Science and Technology for Sustainable Development”. The meeting was changed to virtual format because of the Covid-19 pandemic and related issues like ban on large gathering and travel restrictions. The meeting was initially postponed but had to hold virtually because it is an annual conference and with the view of sustaining the purpose of the conference which is to run in line with the SDG goals started in 2017. The Conference was organized by the Department of Physics in conjunction with the Department of Estate Management. The venue for the Conference was Covenant University Centre for Research Innovation and Discovery, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, NigeriaProfessor Alison Bruce, Deputy Head, School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, United Kingdom was the Keynote Speaker while Professor Lazarus Ojigi, Director, Mission Planning, Information Technology and Data Management, National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) delivered the Lead Speech. The Plenary Speakers were Professor Ayodele Abiodun and Professor Olayinka Ohunakin. The Vice-Chancellor, Covenant University, Prof. AAA Atayero, delivered an insightful lecture on the impact of Science and Technology during the opening ceremony. There were plenary sessions on day 2 and day 3, followed by discussion and interactions by speakers and attendees. We had four parallel sessions on day 1 and four parallel sessions morning and afternoon on day 2. There was closing ceremony on Day 3 and last set of technical sessions. Authors/presenters were given 10 minutes for presentation each after which questions raised by other participants were answered by the presenters and others also made comments on the presentation. The modality was similar to the physical meeting. Organizers were available on ground, while participants hooked up online from their respective institutions and countries. 55 organizers were on ground, 10 speakers and 152 attendees participated online. The meeting was held on Whova Conference App with Zoom links integrated into it which provided a very robust platform for interaction and feedback from the participants. The technical quality and success of delivery was quite high because Whova Events App was used.The conference consisted of 5 tracks divided into 13 sessions which tackled essential topics on Science, Engineering, Energy, Data, Environment, and allied fields. This conference brought together leaders from industry and academia to exchange and share their experiences, present research results, explore collaborations and to spark new ideas with the aim of developing new projects and exploiting new technology. All the papers presented at ICSSD2020 were re-grouped into 5-topic headings in this volume which are captured under Applied Sciences, Computational Science, Electronics and devices, Energy and Solid State Physics, and Environmental and Earth Sciences.The committee of ICSSD2020 expresses its sincere thanks to all authors for their high-quality research papers and careful presentations. All reviewers are also thanked for their careful comments and advice. Finally, we thank IOP Publication for producing this volume. Mojisola R.Usikalu, Ph.D Chair, ICSSD2020 Organizing Committee Ahzegbobor P. Aizebeokhai, Ph.D Editor-in-Chief, ICSSD2020 Moses E. Emetere, Ph.D Associate Editor I, ICSSD2020 Theophilus A. Adagunodo, Ph.D Associate Editor II, ICSSD2020

Astronomische NachrichtenVolume 324, Issue 1-2 p. 167-167 Original Paper AGN in the XMM fields of Mrk 205 and QSO 0130–403 K. Page, K. Page [email protected] Search for more papers by this authorM. Turner, M. Turner X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Reeves, J. Reeves X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorP. O'Brien, P. O'Brien X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. Sembay, S. Sembay X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this author K. Page, K. Page [email protected] Search for more papers by this authorM. Turner, M. Turner X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Reeves, J. Reeves X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorP. O'Brien, P. O'Brien X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this authorS. Sembay, S. Sembay X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 February 2003 https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.200310066Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume324, Issue1-2February 2003Pages 167-167 RelatedInformation

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 410, Issue 1 p. 323-337 THERMAL AND SHOT NOISE EFFECTS ON NONLINEAR OSCILLATORS* E. Ben-Jacob, E. Ben-Jacob Department of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106.Search for more papers by this authorD. J. Bergman, D. J. Bergman Department of Physics Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Permanent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.Search for more papers by this authorB. J. Matkowsky, B. J. Matkowsky Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Technological Institute Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60201Search for more papers by this authorZ. Schuss, Z. Schuss Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Technological Institute Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60201 Permanent address: Department of Mathematics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.Search for more papers by this author E. Ben-Jacob, E. Ben-Jacob Department of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv, Israel Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106.Search for more papers by this authorD. J. Bergman, D. J. Bergman Department of Physics Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio 43210 Permanent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.Search for more papers by this authorB. J. Matkowsky, B. J. Matkowsky Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Technological Institute Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60201Search for more papers by this authorZ. Schuss, Z. Schuss Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics Technological Institute Northwestern University Evanston, Illinois 60201 Permanent address: Department of Mathematics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1983 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1983.tb23331.xCitations: 4 * This research was supported, in part, by grants from the US Department of Energy, no. DE-AC02-78ERO-4650, from the US Army Research Office, no. DAAG29-79-C-0183, from the US Air Force Office for Scientific Research, no. 78–3602C, from the Israel Academy of Sciences, no. 707, and from the National Council for Research and Development, Kernfor-schungszentrum, Karlsruhe, West Germany. One of us (BJM) gratefully acknowledges the support of a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellowship. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume410, Issue1Fifth International Conference on Collective PhenomenaJuly 1983Pages 323-337 RelatedInformation

"Pendry, Sir John (Brian), (born 4 July 1943), Professor of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Imperial College London (formerly Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London), since 1981 (Head, Department of Physics, 1998–2001); Dean, Royal College of Science, 1993–96" published on by Oxford University Press.

This paper examined the various electronic learning platforms adopted by students in both private and public Universities in Nigeria and the challenges associated with their usage during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in 2020. With the ripple effect of the coronavirus cutting across all countries and sectors, about 91% of the global student’s population was affected by this global health catastrophe. The objective of this study is to compare the experiences of private and public University students to determine whether there is a significant disparity in the accessibility, affordability, and ease of use of the various e-learning platforms that were adopted during the global pandemic lockdown. The study employed the survey method in eliciting useful information from undergraduate students at Covenant University, and the undergraduate students at the University of Lagos. The population of study consisted of 374 undergraduate students from both schools. Questionnaire was physically administered to students in Covenant University while a google form was created for students in the University of Lagos due to the inaccessibility of students whose lecturers are currently on an industrial action. Data was analyzed using descriptive techniques in frequencies, percentages, and linear regression analysis. Results from the study revealed that 68.1% of students in Covenant University utilized more e-learning platforms like Moodle, Coursera, Zoom and WebEx unlike their counterparts in the University of Lagos who used only Moodle and Zoom by 43.6%. Also, 87.5% of Covenant University undergraduate students made use of their laptops mostly for their e-learning classes while 56.4% of their counterparts in the University of Lagos mostly made use of their smartphones. Findings revealed that students from the public University faced major challenges such as unstable internet connectivity, limited financial capability in buying devices such as laptops, and lack of skill and competence in navigating the e-learning platforms while students in the private universities on the contrary had relatively stable internet connectivity, could afford laptops and smart devices and had the requisite skills to properly navigate their e-learning platforms. The study concludes by recommending the provision of substantial financing that will aid in the acquisition of relevant technology to promote and support e-learning in public Universities in Nigeria. It also suggested the inclusion of public University students in adequate training on how to navigate the e-learning platforms, thereby equipping them with the requisite skills needed in maximizing the benefits of e-learning. By so doing, the Nigerian educational system would be better prepared in facing future emergencies that may warrant remote learning. Keywords: E-learning platforms, COVID-19, Emergencies, Challenges

physica status solidi (a)Volume 123, Issue 1 p. K47-K52 Short Note Metallic Element Substituting Effect in YBa2Cu3Oy Superconductors Studied by 1D-ACAR X. Y. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou International Center for Materials Physics, Academia Sinica, Shengyang Search for more papers by this authorJ. Sh. Zhu, J. Sh. Zhu International Center for Materials Physics, Academia Sinica, Shengyang Search for more papers by this authorH. Zhang, H. Zhang Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Search for more papers by this authorQ. R. Zhang, Q. R. Zhang Department of Physics, Peking University Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Search for more papers by this author X. Y. Zhou, X. Y. Zhou International Center for Materials Physics, Academia Sinica, Shengyang Search for more papers by this authorJ. Sh. Zhu, J. Sh. Zhu International Center for Materials Physics, Academia Sinica, Shengyang Search for more papers by this authorH. Zhang, H. Zhang Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Search for more papers by this authorQ. R. Zhang, Q. R. Zhang Department of Physics, Peking University Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou Search for more papers by this author First published: 16 January 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2211230146Citations: 2 Shengyang 110015, People's Republic of China. Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China. Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China. Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume123, Issue116 January 1991Pages K47-K52 RelatedInformation

ICSDI 2022 is the most dynamic, informative, inspirational, and innovative event organized by the Engineering College of Prince Sultan University (Riyadh, KSA). The 2022 conference focuses on the State of the Art and Practice in different sustainable development goals (SDGs), as one of the promising and trending Engineering disciplines, this field is still changing rapidly. Along with the diversity of presentations on challenging projects and research, ICSDI 2022 will feature multiple invited speakers on selected topics. The conference will include a wide range of knowledge-enhancing technical and panel sessions, short courses, and workshops.There are around 96 participants attending the conference in the opening ceremony and plenary sessions. They are from the United States, Germany, Canada, India, Brazil, Chile, China, Egypt, Russia, Georgia, Hong Kong and so on. The conference was held in hybrid, both physical and virtual mode due to covid19 restrictions in few countries. Around 18 participants attended in virtual mode. At this conference, we were greatly honored to have outstanding Keynote Speakers and Invited Speakers from different countries. They addressed the audience and shared their knowledge and rich experience in related fields. They are Prof. Dennis D. Truax from Mississippi State University, USA; Mr. Ziyad Alshiha, Group Chief executive of The Saudi Investment Recycling Company (SIRC), Saudi Arabia; Dr. Adam C. BOULOUKOS, The UNDP Resident Representative for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Eng. Turki Bukhari, Vice President, Assets & Facilities Management, Expro, Saudi Arabia; Mr. Raed Albasseet, Chief Environment and Sustainability Officer of the Red Sea Development Company & AMAALA; Eng. Fahad Al Ajlan, President, KAPSARC; Mr. Mark Mirza, Project Leader at Fraunhofer ISC, Germany; Ms. Mayssam Tamim, Assistant Resident Representative; Dr Ahmed Al-Darwish, Deputy Governor for Development, Economic Research & Policy Advocacy; Dr. Ahmad Alwosheel, Assistant Researcher at King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST); Eng. Mazin Albahkali, Executive Vice President Strategic Planning and New Business Development, Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), Saudi Arabia; Mr. Bandar Al Blehed Clients Relations Development Head -Saudi Exchange; Dr. Abdullah Alabdulkarem Executive Director of the Enablement Sector at the Government Expenditure and Projects Efficiency Authority (EXPRO); Eng. Waleed AlGhamdi, Associate Director, Smart City & Sustainability; Mr. Turki A. Alrowili, Spokesperson, Public Relations and Communication Director at National Development Fund; Dr. Ameer M. Al-Alwan, Advisory and Training Director, Center for Local Governance.There are 16 sub-sessions during the conference. The tracks of the conference include Manufacturing and Industrial Systems towards Sustainability, Sustainable Construction Technologies and Materials, Energy Sustainability: Challenges and Opportunities, Sustainable Urbanization and Smart Cities, Sustainability and Built Environment, Policies, Regulations and Economic Assessments towards SDGs. Attendees, paper presenters, keynote speakers, scholars and students have benefited in many ways from this conference. We would like to express our great appreciation to the organizers, members of the program committees and reviewers of ICSDI 2022 for their hard work. Without their participation, it would be impossible to hold ICSDI 2022 successfully and ensure the high quality of papers of the conference proceedings. We also would like to express our gratitude to the unbelievable number of authors for contributing their research results to the conference.List of Committees, Statement of Peer Review are available in this pdf.

Prof. Seongah Chin, College of IT Engineering, Sungkyul Univ., Korea.Prof. Pavel Loskot, Swansea University, UKProf. Yilun Shang, Northumbria University, UKProf. Pawel Kossakowski, Kielce University of Technology, PolandProf. Subhendu Kumar Pani, Orissa Engineering College, IndiaProf. Sérgio I. Lopes, Polytechnic Institute of Vianado Castelo, PortugalProf. Daschievici Luiza, University “Dunarea de Jos” Galati, RomaniaProf. Defu Liu, Ocean university of ChinaProf. Seifedine Kadry, Beirut Arab University, LebanonProf. Mihaela Popescu, University of Craiova, RomaniaDr. Weimo Liu, Google, CA, USAProf. Roohollah Bagherzadeh, Amirkabir University, IranProf. Anand Nayyar, Duy Tan University, VietnamProf. Ilya Simanovskii, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, IsraelProf. Karim eL Moutaouakil, Polydisciplinary Fuculty of Taza, MorrocoDr. Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá, Universitat Politècnica de València, SpainProf. Zattera Mekkioui, University of Tlemcen. AlgeriaDr. Lecturer, Lutz Schubert, University of Ulm, GermanyProf. M. Prabukumar, School of IT, Vellore Institute of technology, IndiaDr. Senior researcher, Ladislav Zjavka, Technical University of Ostrava, Czech RepProf. Mădălina Dumitriu, University Politehnica of Bucharest, RomaniaDr. Ateeq ur Rehman, University of Agriculture, PakistanProf. Manu Pratap Singh, Ambedkar University, Khandari Campus, AgraDr. Lecturer, Mihaela Andrei, Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, IndiaProf. Loc Nguyen, Loc Nguyen’s Academic Network, VietnamProf. J.-R. Poirier, Laplace, University of Toulouse, FranceDr. Loganathan. S, Arba Minch University, EthiopiaProf. Taissir Elganimi, University of Tripoli, LibyaProf. Issam Dawoud, Al-Aqsa University, PalestineProf. Zoltán Ernő Csajbók, University of Debrecen, HungaryProf. Nahid Fatima, Amity University, IndiaProf. Vineet Jain, Mewat Engineering College, IndiaSenior Lecturer, Ioan-Lucian Popa, University Alba Iulia, RomaniaDr. Sarah Samad, Lebanese University, LebanonDr. Merouane SALHI, Blida University, AlgeriaProf. Dejan Dragan, University of Maribor, SloveniaProf. Rémi Léandre, University of Bourgogne, FranceDr. R. DELSHIHOWSALYA DEVI, Bharat Institute of Engineering & Technology, IndiaDr. M.M.KAMRUZZAMAN, Al Jouf University, Saudi ArabiaProf. Takfarinas Saber, School of Computer Science, University College Dublin, IrelandProf. Dariusz Jacek Jakóbczak, University of Gdansk, PolandProf. Khadir Mohamed Tarek, University of Badji Mokhtar, AlgeriaDr. Ray-Hwa Wong, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan, R.O.C.Dr. M. MADHIARASAN, Bharat Institute of Engineering and Technology, IndiaProf. Ayeley P. TCHANGANI, Université Toulouse, FranceProf. Gorakh Nath Chaurasia, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, IndiaProf. S.Balakrishnan, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, IndiaDr. Kotapally Harish Kumar, IIT Roorkee, IndiaDr. Shikha Kumari, Jawaharlal Nehru University, IndiaProf. Hasan AYDOGAN, Selcuk University, TurkeyProf. Hua Yi Lin, China University of Technology, TaiwanDr. Paria Assari, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch IranProf. Elżbieta Macioszek, Silesian University of Technology, PolandProf. Manoj Kumar Patra, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, IndiaDr. A.Venkata Subramanian, Anna University, IndiaDr. Sajib Chakraborty, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, BelgiumProf. Najmeh Neysani Samany, University of Tehran, IranDr. Chaoxian Wu, University of Liverpool, UKDr. Omid Aminoroayai Yamani, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, IranDr. Grzegorz Woroniak, Bialystok University of Technology, PolandProf. Grande Nagajyothi, Dept.of Micro & Nanoelectronics SENSE School, IndiaDr. Mohamad Nejat, Fasa University,IranDr. Arun Kishor Johar, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, IndiaDr. Konstantinos M. Giannoutakis, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, GreeceDr. Ertugrul Dogruluk, Centro Algoritmi / University of Minho-PortugalProf. Galkowski Krzysztof, University of Zielona Gora, PolandProf. Stefan SEGLA, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, SLOVAKIADr. Shamsa Kanwal, Fatima Jinnah Women University, PakistanDr. Nelson Méndez Lianes, University of Havana, Cuba.Dr. Salem Sati, Misurata University, LibyaDr. Mohamed El-Amine SLIMANI, University of Science and Technology “USTHB”, AlgeriaDr. Ali Al-Balhawi, Mustansiriyah University, IraqDr. Amira Zaylaa, Lebanese University, LebanonProf. Pedram MASOUDI, Geovariances, FranceDr. Seyedahmad Shahahmadi, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, MalaysiaProf. Pavlo Maruschak, Ternopil Ivan Pul’uj National Technical University, UkraineDr. Vaishali Gupta, IPS Academy, Institute of Engineering & Science, IndiaDr. Peter ChunYu YAU, School of Continuing and Professional Education, City University of Hong KongDr. Shonak Bansal, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), IndiaDr. Ridhwaan Suliman, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), South AfricaDr. Thein, Yu University of Computer Studies, MyanmarProf. Curtis Miller, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, U.S.A.Dr. Mouhat Ouadia, University Mohammed V, MoroccoDr. Amir Shirkhani, Civil Structural Engineering University of Tabriz, IranProf. Volodymyr Khilenko, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences, UkraineProf. Badrul Hisham Ahmad, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, MalaysiaDr. Stamatis Karlos, Unversity of Patras, GreeceProf. Said El Kafhali, Hassan 1st University, MoroccoProf. Amirreza Ghadimi-Avval, University of Arkansas, USADr. Vrjayan Gurumurthy Iyer, Open Learning Program in Entrepreneurship of The EDI, India

ABSTRACTIn this study, an energy audit was conducted at Covenant University in Nigeria looking for ways to reduce energy costs. Results show that of the total university electricity energy demand, space cooling and lighting have the highest electrical consumption (29%). In academic buildings, space cooling consumed the maximum power (49%), while lighting consumed the most power (39%) in staff quarters. Annual energy and cost savings for replacement of traditional fluorescent lights (FLTs) and incandescent bulbs with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) in student hostels and staff quarters are about 394 MWh, N4.8 million ($30,000) and 644 MWh, N7.9 Million ($49, 375) respectively. Consequently, for space cooling systems, the annual energy and cost savings for replacement of conventional resistance electric regulator fans with electronic regulator fans is about 367 MWh and N 9.8 Million ($61,250). A well-articulated and vigorously pursued energy efficiency policy measures in the university can result in an est...

University-Industry linkage is a major source by which local technology can be transferred in a country. In order for technology transfer to be effective, the recipient industry must have the right infrastructure and qualified human resources to implement the technology. Recently, issues concerning the low level of technological development and economic advancement in Nigeria have been receiving attention. A survey was recently conducted in order to examine the issues of technology transfer between Schools of Engineering and Sciences in Universities and Industry in Nigeria. The survey was conducted by asking appropriate persons to respond to a set of questions and having interviews with them. The survey revealed that there is a very low level of technology transfer between most industries and universities in Nigeria. In this paper, the reasons for this state of affairs are highlighted and suggestions are made to effectively increase the level of technology transfer and innovation in Nigeria.

Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) is a meta-heuristic method that has drawn much interest in solving challenging optimisation issues. This paper examines the use of ACO to reduce the time spent on moving goods and people in Covenant University's transportation system. Covenant University is a private Christian university in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. Covenant University started on 21st October 2002, and since its opening, it has grown to be one of the world-class universities that have been ranked and recognised all around the globe. The data was collected from an article that computed the time per unit distance between origins and destinations within the university using Google Maps. The three traditional transportation techniques (Northwest corner method, least cost method, and Vogel's approximation method) alongside Ant colony meta-heuristics were used to get the initial basic feasible solution, which gave (361.3, 361.7, 359.8, 361.7) minutes, respectively. Then, the MODI approach was used to find the optimal solution (346.6 minutes). Also, the R programming language was used to run the Codes for the three traditional methods and the ACO method, which gave the result of solving manually. The optimal solution showed that if the time spent is reduced, the movement of people and goods would be enhanced, resulting in more time to handle important matters.

Annonamuricata plant parts possess a broad range of medicinal and biological properties. This research compared the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Annonamuric at aparts. Proximate, mineral, total phenol and total flavonoid content as well as invitro antioxidant activity were examined. Results revealed the leaves contained significantly(p<0.05) higher composition of moisture (8.69±0.22%), ash (4.60±0.02%), protein (14.53±0.11%), crude fat (10.28±0.03%),chromium (0.38±0.05 mg/100g), nickel (1.75±0.04mg/100g), total phenol (1.01±0.03mgpyrocatechol/mL) and total flavonoid (1.12±0.03mgGAE/mL)compared to the respective values for root. Carbohydrate (9.29±0.24%), lead (0.13±0.02mg/100g) and cobalt (1.93±0.02mg/100g) composition was significantly lower(p<0.05) in the leaves compared to the respective compositions in the root. The leaf and root extract exhibited a concentration-dependent increase in hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with no observable(p<0.05)difference in their EC50 value. This study suggests the leaves of A. muricata found in Covenant University had better chemical composition when compared to the root. Nonetheless, these plant parts may be further exploited for not only their nutritive composition and mineral content but also a natural source of antioxidant agents.

This study utilized monthly daily values of solar radiation, humidity, ultraviolet dose, temperature, pressure and wind speed obtained at Department of Physics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria, for 2013. It was observed that correlation coefficients vary from 0.134 - 0.955 across the months. This was further demonstrated with values of coefficient of determination R2 which vary from 0.018-0.911 for Ota stations. Based on the RMSE, MPE, MBE and p values, we obtained an Equation that produces the best correlation. Our result reveals the models that produce the smallest p values which are considered as the best model for estimating the solar radiation at Ota site with an acceptable error. Also, Wavelet spectrum based approach was employed to analyse the meteorological monthly series in a sequence of monthly scales of January to December 2013.

Background: The higher education sector is making a conscious effort to integrate information and communication technologies (ICTs) into the academe with a view to improving teaching, learning and access to knowledge. Unfortunately, the use of ICTs in teaching by academics in Nigerian universities is far below expectation.Objectives: The aim of this article was to report on a study that examined the underlying factors determining the use of ICTs in teaching by academics in private and public universities in Nigeria by using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) as a theoretical lens.Method: A mixed method approach involving the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews was adopted for the study. Data were collected from 267 academics in 3 faculties and 10 key informants who were in managerial positions at the University of Ibadan and Covenant University.Results: Regression analyses indicated that only facilitating conditions (FCs) (β = −0.345, t = −3.221, p = 0.002) have significant influence on the use of ICT in teaching at the University of Ibadan. However, both effort expectancy (EE) (β = 0.380, t = 3.116, p = 0.003) and FCs (β = −0.281, t = −2.327, p = 0.023) have significant influence on the use of ICT by academics in Covenant University. The qualitative study explicates these factors: institutional policy, technological infrastructure, simplicity of use, fund and organisational support as success factors for ICT use in teaching. Further findings revealed that age had an effect on EE and FCs amongst academics at the University of Ibadan, but out of all the demographic factors, age emerged as the only variable that had an effect on social influence amongst academics in Covenant University.Conclusion: The study concludes that stakeholders in higher institutions should give adequate attention to these underlying factors: FCs and EE for optimal success of ICT use in teaching. The findings of this study have far-reaching implications for policy makers within the educational environs and intervention strategies on the part of the university stakeholders in supporting ICT use in teaching.

Event Abstract Back to Event The investigation on the source localizations and the isofrequency bands of auditory evoked N100m on-response and off-response magnetic signals by a 128 cannels low-Tc SQUID magnetoencephalography system Kuen-Lin Chen1*, Hong-Chang Yang1, Sung-Ying Tsai2, Herng-Er Horng2, YongHo Lee3, Hyukchan Kwon3, Ming-Jang Chiu4, Chih-Chuan Chen4 and Ruey-Meei Wu4 1 National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, Taiwan 2 National Taiwan Normal University, Institute of Electro-optical Science and Technology, Taiwan 3 Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, South Korea 4 National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Taiwan A 128 channels helmet-shaped first order low-Tc axial gradiometer SQUID magnetoencephalography (MEG) system is used to study the auditory evoked responses. The axial gradiometers show an averaged noise level of 3.5 fT/Hz1/2 at 100 Hz inside magnetically shielded room. The measurements were performed with the monaural 500 Hz, 1 KHz and 2 KHz pure tone stimuli of 75 dB sound pressure level persisting for 300 ms to the left or right ears of subjects. The auditory evoked fields (AEFs) around 100 ms after the stimuli onset are defined as N100m on-responses, and the AEFs around 100 ms after the cessation of stimuli are defined as N100m off-responses. The superiority of MEG on temporal resolution, which is better than MRI, allows us to study the evolution of equivalent current dipole (ECD) for N100m on-responses and N100m off-responses. The independent component analysis (ICA) method was used to determine the latencies of the AEFs’ peaks. The software CURRY was also used to calculate the source locations of equivalent current dipoles of N100m on-response and N100m off-response. The spatial distribution and time evolution of the ECDs were investigated. It was found that the ECD locations of N100m off-responses were more interior than that of on-response, which indicated different neuron activities in the auditory cortex. We also found that the movement traces of ECDs around the peak latency for the N100m on- and off-response individually formed the isofrequency bands. The distributions of the isofrequency bands were highly relative to the frequency of sound. The formation of isofrequency band for the N100m off-response signal showed that the cessation of a sound was also an event which could induce the neuron activity in the human auditory cortex. The experimental data suggested that brain used different neurons in the auditory cortex to process the information for the onset and cessation of sound. Conference: Biomag 2010 - 17th International Conference on Biomagnetism , Dubrovnik, Croatia, 28 Mar - 1 Apr, 2010. Presentation Type: Poster Presentation Topic: Sensory Processing and Functional Connectivity Citation: Chen K, Yang H, Tsai S, Horng H, Lee Y, Kwon H, Chiu M, Chen C and Wu R (2010). The investigation on the source localizations and the isofrequency bands of auditory evoked N100m on-response and off-response magnetic signals by a 128 cannels low-Tc SQUID magnetoencephalography system. Front. Neurosci. Conference Abstract: Biomag 2010 - 17th International Conference on Biomagnetism . doi: 10.3389/conf.fnins.2010.06.00197 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 29 Mar 2010; Published Online: 29 Mar 2010. * Correspondence: Kuen-Lin Chen, National Taiwan University, Department of Physics, Taipei, Taiwan, d92222016@ntu.edu.tw Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Kuen-Lin Chen Hong-Chang Yang Sung-Ying Tsai Herng-Er Horng YongHo Lee Hyukchan Kwon Ming-Jang Chiu Chih-Chuan Chen Ruey-Meei Wu Google Kuen-Lin Chen Hong-Chang Yang Sung-Ying Tsai Herng-Er Horng YongHo Lee Hyukchan Kwon Ming-Jang Chiu Chih-Chuan Chen Ruey-Meei Wu Google Scholar Kuen-Lin Chen Hong-Chang Yang Sung-Ying Tsai Herng-Er Horng YongHo Lee Hyukchan Kwon Ming-Jang Chiu Chih-Chuan Chen Ruey-Meei Wu PubMed Kuen-Lin Chen Hong-Chang Yang Sung-Ying Tsai Herng-Er Horng YongHo Lee Hyukchan Kwon Ming-Jang Chiu Chih-Chuan Chen Ruey-Meei Wu Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.