ID-CEPPA: Identity-based Computationally Efficient Privacy-Preserving Authentication scheme for vehicle-to-vehicle communications

An efficient identity-based signature scheme without bilinear pairing for vehicle-to-vehicle communication in VANETs

The potential for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in improving traffic, enhancing road safety and reducing traffic accidents has attracted attention from academia, industry, and governments. To ensure secure communication in VANETs, a number of authentication schemes, including those with batch verification, were proposed in recent years. However, studies have demonstrated that most of the existing schemes suffer from bad performance or weak security. To address those problems, we construct a new identity-based digital signature (IBDS) scheme using bilinear pairings. The IBDS scheme is then used to construct a new identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (IBCPPA) scheme for VANETs without the need for a map-to-point hash function or double secret keys. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our provably-secure IBCPPA scheme not only achieves better performance than related schemes, but also overcomes the inefficiency problem of the double secret keys in related schemes (i.e., the system does have to manage two secret keys to provide security).

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), an application of the Internet of Things (IoT) providing a better intelligent transportation system (ITS), has received substantial attention from both industry and academia. Heterogeneous vehicular communications in VANETs occur when both vehicles and the infrastructure use different cryptographic technologies to exchange safety messages. However, the safety messages between vehicles and the infrastructure are communicated wirelessly; therefore, security issues are a serious concern in this domain. The existing schemes secure the transmission of safety messages with respect to confidentiality, authentication, and nonrepudiation. However, they are inappropriate with respect to efficiency. They cause computational overhead on the receiver and bandwidth overhead in the communications. To cope with this, we propose an elliptic curve cryptosystem-based hybrid signcryption (ECCHSC) protocol that satisfies the security requirements (i.e., message confidentiality, message’s source authentication, message integrity, nonrepudiation, and identity–anonymity) for heterogeneous vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications in a single logical step. This protocol allows secure transmission of a safety message from a vehicle using identity-based cryptography (IDC) to a roadside unit (RSU) using public-key infrastructure (PKI). In addition, the ECCHSC protocol enables the RSU to receive multiple ciphertexts, aggregate them, and de-signcrypt them simultaneously through the batch de-signcryption method, which further improves the performance. The ECCHSC protocol has indistinguishability against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (IND-CCA2) and existential unforgeability against adaptive chosen message attacks (EUF-CMAs) in the random oracle model (ROM). The performance analysis of our protocol demonstrates a significant reduction in computational overhead and in communication/storage overhead as compared to the state-of-the-art schemes.

PCAS: Cryptanalysis and improvement of pairing-free certificateless aggregate signature scheme with conditional privacy-preserving for VANETs

The potential for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in improving traffic, enhancing road safety and reducing traffic accidents has attracted attention from academia, industry, and governments. To ensure secure communication in VANETs, a number of authentication schemes, including those with batch verification, were proposed in recent years. However, studies have demonstrated that most of the existing schemes suffer from bad performance or weak security. To address those problems, we construct a new identity-based digital signature (IBDS) scheme using bilinear pairings. The IBDS scheme is then used to construct a new identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (IBCPPA) scheme for VANETs without the need for a map-to-point hash function or double secret keys. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our provably-secure IBCPPA scheme not only achieves better performance than related schemes, but also overcomes the inefficiency problem of the double secret keys in related schemes (i.e., the system does have to manage two secret keys to provide security).

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) offer immense potential for revolutionizing modern transportation systems through real-time communication and interaction between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. These networks can significantly enhance traffic management, improve safety, and support various vehicular services. However, ensuring secure communication in VANETs remains a critical challenge due to the highly sensitive nature of the data exchanged, such as location and personal information. Current authentication schemes, including the ANEL scheme, exhibit vulnerabilities like data interception and tracking risks. In this paper, we propose a novel, efficient, and lightweight authentication scheme that leverages elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and message mapping techniques to address these security issues. The proposed solution strengthens encryption, enhances privacy protection, and mitigates risks such as unauthorized access and man-in-the-middle attacks. Furthermore, the scheme offers scalability and distinguishes between regular and priority users, making it adaptable to various VANET applications. This approach significantly improves the overall security and privacy framework of VANET systems while ensuring the efficient use of computational resources in vehicular environments.

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a special kind of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) that supports cooperative driving among communicating cars on the roads. There are several technologies involved in implementation of wireless communication in VANETs. These technologies include 3G cellular systems, long-term evolution (LTE), LTE Advanced, IEEE 802.16, and IEEE 802.11. This chapter focuses on 802.11-based wireless communication in VANETs. It reviews some presented methods for vehicle movement path prediction, and explains some algorithms are explained for performance improvement in opportunistic networks based on the predicted vehicle movements. The chapter considers the fact that communication in VANETs can be infrastructure-based or infrastructureless. It also reviews some methods to apply the predicted vehicles' position for improving communication in infrastructure-based and infrastructureless VANETs, respectively. Opportunistic routing algorithms can be classified according to their dependency on roadside infrastructure. The chapter presents the taxonomy of opportunistic routing in VANETs.

HCPA-GKA: A hash function-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication and group-key agreement scheme for VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an increasing important paradigm for greatly enhancing roadway system efficiency and traffic safety. To widely deploy VANETs in real life, it is critical to deal with the security and privacy issues in VANETs. In this paper, we propose a certificateless conditional privacy preserving authentication (CCPPA) scheme based on certificateless cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography for secure vehicle-to-infrastructure communication in VANETs. In the proposed scheme, a roadside unit (RSU) can simultaneously verify plenty of received messages such that the total verification time may be sharply decreased. Furthermore, the security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme is provably secure in the random oracle model and fulfills all the requirements on security and privacy. To further improve efficiency, both map-to-point hash operation and bilinear pairing operation are not employed. Compared with previous CCPPA schemes, the proposed scheme prominently cuts down computation delay of message signing and verification by 66.9%–85.5% and 91.8%–93.4%, respectively, and reduces communication cost by 44.4%. Extensive simulations show that the proposed scheme is practicable and achieves prominent performances of very little average message delay and average message loss ratio and thus is appropriate for realistic applications.

A privacy-preserving authentication scheme based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography and using Quotient Filter in fog-enabled VANET

An efficient authentication scheme with strong privacy preservation for fog-assisted vehicular ad hoc networks based on blockchain and neuro-fuzzy

In vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the malicious messages and tampered messages threat other drivers' life or confuse the traffic order possibly. The anonymity has to be traceable when the law enforcement authority wants to figure out the accountabilities about the anonymity. We describe the problem that characterizes the privacy of VANETs and proposes a new anonymous key mechanism with a system architecture based on bilinear paring and elliptic curve cryptography which adapts to VANETs. The anonymous key pair generated by proposed anonymous key mechanism can realize basic security requirements, and protect identity privacy and location privacy in VANETs communication. The data storage cost can also be decreased when the numbers of node grows quickly.

SPHA-VC: Secure passengers health assessment via vehicular communications

The rapid development of 5G networks has made smart driving possible. The vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are the main environment for smart driving, providing road information, instant communication between vehicle and vehicle (V2V) or vehicle and infrastructure (V2I). The information interaction security of VANETs is critical to the proper functioning of the traffic. Much research in recent years has focused on secure communication in VANETs, especially the secure V2V or V2I communications. However, current security schemes often require complex identity re-authentication when vehicles enter a new infrastructure coverage, which greatly reduces the efficiency of the entire network. In addition, the emergence of blockchain has created opportunities to overcome the challenges in VANETs mentioned above. In this article, blockchain is utilized to enhance the scalability of the trustworthiness scalable computation. The proposed blockchain assisted trustworthiness scalable computation based V2I authentication (B-TSCA) scheme achieves rapid re-authentication of vehicles through secure ownership transfer between infrastructures. Note that, trustworthiness scalable computation assisted by blockchian technology ensures the decentralization and non tamperability of the scalable computation result. The security analysis indicates that B-TSCA scheme is a CDH-secure scheme. The time cost of the novel handover authentication phase is half of that of the initial one as is presented in the simulation.

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) have several features, such as dynamic topologies, limited bandwidth usage, limited energy, etc... Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a special case of mobile ad hoc networks. VANET communication can be formed between vehicles with vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication or between Vehicle-to-Road Side Units (V2R). VANETs provides a promising network scenario for facilitating safety on roads, managing traffic, and infotainment dissemination for both passengers and drivers. The communication between V2V and V2R is the most critical part, so a proper security and privacy methods have to be maintained. Messages are critical and important like a warning message, so that the message must be authenticated which guarantee's the message integrity. Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) provides an efficient message authentication scheme. A combination of P2P, VANET and ECDSA can make the scenario more efficient and perform better in terms of time delay in message delivery.