Identifying Variability in Object-Oriented Code Using Model-Based Code Mining

BackgroundThe software product lines (SPL) enable development teams to fully address a systematic reuse of shared assets to deliver a family of similar software products. Mobile applications are an obvious candidate for employing an SPL approach. This paper presents our research outcomes, based on empirical data from an industry-level development project. Two development teams were confronted with the same functionalities set to be delivered through a family of native mobile applications for Android and iOS.MethodsEmpirical data was gathered before, during and after a year of full-time development. The data demonstrate the impact of a SPL approach by comparing the SPL and non-SPL multiple edition development. One family of products (Android apps) was developed using an SPL approach, while another (iOS apps), functionally the same, was developed without employing an SPL approach. The project generated a volume of raw and aggregated empirical data to support our research questions.ResultsThe paper reports a positive impact of an SPL approach on product quality (internal and external) and feature output per week. As data shows, it also increases the delivery of functionalities (240% in 6 more editions), while investing the same amount of effort needed for a single-edition development. As a result of system-supported separation of development and production code, developers had a high confidence in further development. On the other hand, the second team delivered less new functionalities, only two new application editions, and lower software quality than the team that manages multi-edition development by employing an SPL approach.

Optimization of slabs using object oriented programming

A quantitative and qualitative assessment of aspectual feature modules for evolving software product lines

The recent paper aims at showing the importance of the blended learning to develop skills of Object-oriented programming (OOP) for vocational diploma students of instructional technology at faculty of education. The random study sample was formed of (17) students of the vocational diploma in the year (2018-2019) Two tools were used in the research including an accumulative test to measure the cognitive aspect of Object-oriented programming ( OOP) As for the research findings. The cognitive accumulative test and the note card for the vocational diploma students showed differences with statistical significance at significant level( ≤ 0. 05) between arithmetic means grades in the pre and post applications for the benefit of the post application.

Feature-Oriented Programming (FOP) and Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) are programming techniques based on composition mechanisms, called refinements and aspects, respectively. These techniques are assumed to be good variability mechanisms for implementing Software Product Lines (SPLs). Aspectual Feature Modules (AFM) is an approach that combines advantages of feature modules and aspects to increase concern modularity. Some guidelines of how to integrate these techniques have been established in some studies, but these studies do not focus the analysis on how effectively AFM can preserve the modularity and stability facilitating SPL evolution. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the simultaneous use aspects and features through the AFM approach facilitates the evolution of SPLs. The quantitative data were collected from a SPL developed using four different variability mechanisms: (1) feature modules, aspects and aspects refinements of AFM, (2) aspects of aspect-oriented programming (AOP), (3) feature modules of feature-oriented programming (FOP), and (4) conditional compilation (CC) with object-oriented programming. Metrics for change propagation and modularity stability were calculated and the results support the benefits of the AFM option in a context where the product line has been evolved with addition or modification of crosscutting concerns.KeywordsSoftware product linesfeature-oriented programmingaspectoriented programmingaspectual feature modulesvariability mechanisms

: This thesis extends the Graphical User Interface of a prototype multi-relational database front-end system, called Amadeus. System enhancements are realized through the application of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Human-Computer Interface (HCI) design principles. Knowledge gained from each topic has been incorporated into the design and implementation of a Form-based interface for database data entry and display. The focus of this thesis is divided between two issues: the development of a set of tools for creating and using Form objects; and the design of the Form object itself. Form creation is accomplished using an application program called the Interface Editor module. The Interface Editor is one of six modules which, together, comprise the Amadeus system. Form manipulation occurs in a second application which implements basic program methods for controlling Data entry and display processes. Design and implementation of this thesis was accomplished using the Prograph programming language and development environment, which provided a basic set of system classes essential to the implementation of the Form object and Graphical User Interfaces.... Object-Oriented Programming, User interface design, Prograph, Visual programming, Form-based interface, Database systems

Evaluations of JaguarCode: A web-based object-oriented programming environment with static and dynamic visualization

Shopping centres are an integral part and a critical component of urban cities in most economies. Typically, the shorter refurbishment cycle and frequent tenant replacements in shopping centres cause excessive use of building materials over its service life. This drastic use of resources, consequently, increase life cycle embodied energy (LCEE) and life cycle material cost (LCMC) of shopping centres. Therefore, careful selection of materials is vital to reduce the negative environmental impacts and material costs. Current research on the implications of material choices on LCEE and LCMC of shopping centres are insubstantial and decisions makers are left with limited information to make better selections. Therefore, selection of energy efficient, cost-effective and environmentally responsive materials and assemblies has been a critical process for the professionals who are involved in decision-making. This paper proposes the use of object-oriented programming (OOP) to develop a mathematical model to generate combinations of building assemblies with minimum LCEE and LCMC of shopping centres through material selection. The model is based for sub-regional shopping centres in Australia, yet can be applied for any similar property type with modifications to databases and model architecture. However, scope of this paper is limited to the development of model architecture with detailed explanations on databases and computing core development. Even though, the detailed presentation of development of OOP structure provides proper insight to the mathematical core for future application.

Traffic capacity planning is a challenging task in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) & orthogonal frequency division (OFDM) based long term evolution (LTE) cellular networks, resulted from emerging diverse multimedia traffic requirement, together with highly open & flexible air interface design in LTE. In this paper, a new methodology for dynamic real-time capacity planning is proposed for LTE radio network dimensioning, based on unified traffic process mechanism, fresh simulation methodology for air interface, and smart self-evaluation and optimization. By corresponding software design and implementation, it provides powerful tool for LTE network planners to get efficient, accurate and professional capacity planning outcome without much manual effort.

Software Product Line (SPL) promises to accelerate the development process with higher quality of product and low budget of production. The essential key of SPL is feature diagram which describes the relation between features for the domain and captures the commonalities and variabilities. The approach gains numerous attention in research and industry area. However, the implementation of SPL approach for information system development is still inadequate. Some works explain the inclusion of ontology for SPL such as having feature diagram in ontology language. The inclusion benefits to produce an information system automatically. On the other side, the executable modelling language such as Abstract Behavioural Specification (ABS) can be utilized to implement the feature diagram for distributed object-oriented systems. The trend of ABS expands to accommodate microservices-based software variabilities, that is ABS Microservices Framework. The Framework allows to build different services for different devices who consume the data from ABS. However, these two area of research have not been integrated. We propose an adaptor to integrate the ABS microservices and ontology-based information system to produce automated business logics into the system. We show that by using the ontology as its basis, the system is semantically structured and the business logics required by the system is updated automatically.

Existing product requirements form a rich source for domain requirements analysis in software product lines (SPLs). Most existing domain analysis techniques depend on domain experts’ experience and manual operation to identify the commonalities and variabilities of product requirements. They often demand a high level of manual effort and a large up-front investment, which can present a prohibitive barrier for SPL adoption. This study proposes a model-driven approach to semi-automatically derive domain functional requirements (DFRs) from product functional requirements (PFRs). Based on the linguistic characterisation of a domain's action-oriented concerns, the authors apply Fillmore's semantic framework to functional requirements and define metamodels for PFRs and DFRs. Functional requirements of existing products are constructed as corresponding PFR models. Following the proposed merging and refinement rules, the authors approach automates the transformation from PFR models into DFR models by merging the same or similar PFRs and analysing their commonality and variability. The resulting DFR models can serve as an initial basis of the SPL. The authors demonstrate the authors approach using an example of a home security system (HSS) SPL and give a preliminary evaluation. The authors approach provides a rigorous model-based support for DFRs development and complements existing domain analysis techniques with less time and effort.

Software Product Lines (SPL) offer a promising approach to accelerate development processes while enhancing product quality and reducing production costs. Central to SPL is the feature diagram, which delineates the relationships between features within a domain, capturing both commonalities and variabilities. Despite its advantages, the implementation of SPL in information system development remains insufficiently explored. This paper investigates the integration of ontology within the SPL framework, particularly through the lens of executable modeling languages like Abstract Behavioural Specification (ABS). We introduce the ABS Microservices Framework, which extends ABS capabilities to accommodate variabilities in microservices-based architectures. Our proposed adaptor effectively integrates ABS microservices with ontology-based information systems, enabling the automation of business logic generation. By leveraging ontology, we ensure that the system maintains a semantically structured foundation, allowing for automatic updates of the necessary business logics. This integration not only enhances the adaptability and efficiency of information systems but also positions ontology as a critical component in the evolution of SPL methodologies.

Chapter 5 discusses some fundamentals of object-oriented programming languages (Section 5.1) and distributed programming languages (Section 5.4). It also specifically summarizes the major features of two object-oriented programming languages: c++ (Section 5.2) and SMALLTALK (Section 5.3), and one distributed programming language, namely, OCCAM and its predecessor CSP (Section 5.5). Although there are other object-oriented languages (e.g., ACTOR 1 and EFFEL 2 and distributed programming languages (see Section 5.4), these three languages are chosen to illustrate some basic ideas behind object-oriented programming and distributed programming. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with c.

Software product lines (SPL) dynamic configuring process could use methods for recommendation system (RS) elaboration. An overview and analysis of such methods was done in this paper. SPL represent a set of software systems that have common and variable functional components and use a set of paradigms and methods for development. In the classical static SPL the process of configuring performed before executing and performing in the operation environment (OE), in contrast dynamic software product lines performs after executing in the OE. Through the use of which it is possible to customize software solutions in accordance with the needs of end users. The following possible methods to build RS were considered: clustering, Markov decision-making process, matrix factorization. According to the review of the intelligent RS method development and researching of the functionalities of such systems in some open-source projects it was proposed to use N-dimensional context-dependent tensor factorization method and CARSkit tool system. Functional requirements and software architecture of the RS were developed. It allows to automatize software components configuration in the „Smart Home” (SH) systems that could be implemented with CARSkit software toolkit and algorithms implemented with programming language Python. This implementation allows to build a process for tracking changes in the external environment and transfer information to the SH system and, after analyzing the input data, process it in the RS to track changes in the context information. In the future research some additional quantitative experiments will be performed considering the specifics of the SH systems, additionally quantitative metrics will be used for efficiency assessment of the tensor factorization algorithms to predict the dynamic configurations of software components in these systems. Keywords: recommendation system, software product line, variability, dynamic configuration, architecture.

Computer programming language is the foundation of developing computer application technologies and software. C language and object-oriented programming language belong to commonly-utilized advanced computer languages, and they have certain relevance in logic. Meanwhile, they have their own advantages. In other words, C language and object-oriented programming language possess both relevance and differences in the aspects of selection and application. The work discussed the compiling essentials of C language and object-oriented programming language. Besides, the differences and applicability of those two languages in the aspect of programming were further analyzed.