Idiopathic arterial aneurysm/rupture causing sudden death in dairy cattle

I HAVE read with much amazement the letter from the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) about the changes to its laboratory network. Being a practising vet in the...

Surveillance for new and re-emerging animal diseases in England and Wales is based on post-mortem and syndromic analysis of laboratory data collated in a central database by the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), with the aim of providing early warning of disease events prior to clinical diagnosis. Understanding the drivers for participation in such systems is critical to the success of attempts to improve surveillance sensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the decision-making process governing the submission of biological samples on which this surveillance system is based by use of questionnaires. Data extracted were used to structure and parameterize scenario trees modelling the probability of generating an entry in the surveillance database. The mean probability for database entry per case ranged from 0.085 for neurological disorders to 0.25 for enteric disease. These findings illustrate the importance of on-farm decision making to the generation of surveillance data.

WE would like to report the results of an investigation that suggests the presence of a hereditary nephropathy in Zwartbles sheep. In August 2010, chronic nephritis with widespread deposition of...

Veterinary RecordVolume 155, Issue 5 p. 149-151 Short Communications Genetic similarity between porcine circovirus type 2 isolated from the first reported case of PMWS in South Africa and North American...

ANIMAL Health and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) are due to be merged, and I see that Defra is looking for a name for the single agency (Anon, VLA Vetro, February 2011). The interim name agreed by ministers is Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, or AHVLA. I think this is

Veterinary RecordVolume 171, Issue 18 p. 448-448 Research A natural-transmission model of bovine tuberculosis provides novel disease insights B. L. Khatri PhD, B. L. Khatri PhD Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. Coad MSc, M. Coad MSc Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. J. Clifford BVMS, MRCVS, D. J. Clifford BVMS, MRCVS Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorR. G. Hewinson DPhil, R. G. Hewinson DPhil Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. O. Whelan PhD, A. O. Whelan PhD Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorH. M. Vordermeier PhD, Corresponding Author H. M. Vordermeier PhD [email protected] Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKE-mail for correspondence: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author B. L. Khatri PhD, B. L. Khatri PhD Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorM. Coad MSc, M. Coad MSc Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. J. Clifford BVMS, MRCVS, D. J. Clifford BVMS, MRCVS Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorR. G. Hewinson DPhil, R. G. Hewinson DPhil Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorA. O. Whelan PhD, A. O. Whelan PhD Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKSearch for more papers by this authorH. M. Vordermeier PhD, Corresponding Author H. M. Vordermeier PhD [email protected] Bovine TB Department, Animal Health & Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB UKE-mail for correspondence: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 03 November 2012 https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.101072Citations: 5 Provenance: not commissioned; externally peer reviewed Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume171, Issue18November 2012Pages 448-448 RelatedInformation

To ultrasonographically evaluate hemodynamics in the abdominal aorta (AAo) and splanchnic vessels in dogs with experimentally induced normovolemic anemia. 11 healthy Beagles. The AAo, cranial mesenteric artery (CMA), celiac artery (CA), hilar splenic artery (HSA), and main portal vein (MPV) were evaluated in conscious dogs immediately before and after experimental induction of severe normovolemic anemia (Hct, 16%) and during recovery from moderate and mild anemia (Hct, 26% and 34%, respectively). Peak systolic velocity (PSV) or peak velocity (PV), time-averaged mean velocity (TAVmean), pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI), blood flow, congestion index (CI), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Results were compared for anemic and control states. Severe anemia caused significant increases in HR (25% to 70%), PSV (AAo, 45.8%; CMA, 56.1%; and CA, 41.9%), PV (MPV, 84.2%), and TAVmean, (AAo, 69.4%, CMA, 64.3%; CA, 29.7%; and MPV, 76.9%) and significant decreases in PI (AAo, 26.1%; HSA, 19.3%) and Cl (MPV, 45.2%). There was no significant change in PI of the CMA or CA, portal blood flow, or RI of any artery. Significantly higherTAVmean persisted in all vessels during moderate anemia, but higher PSV persisted only in the CMA; PI (CMA and CA) and RI (CA) decreased significantly, but portal blood flow increased significantly. Significant increase in TAVmean (AAo and CMA) persisted during mild anemia, and PI (AAo, CMA, and HSA) and RI (CMA) were significantly lower. Doppler ultrasonography revealed hyperdynamic circulation in the AAo and splanchnic vessels in dogs with experimentally induced normovolemic anemia.

Copper (Cu), selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn) concentra­tions in 1,490 beef and dairy cattle livers submitted to the Cali­fornia Animal Health & Food Safety Lab System (CAHFS) lab­oratory between 2012 and 2021 were analyzed. The aim was to compare the correlation patterns of hepatic Cu, Se and Mn in neonates, adolescents and adults for selected pathologies and diseases. Deficiencies were more common in beef than dairy cattle, accounting for 33.5% (287/855) and 5.2% (33/635) for Cu, 46% (385/836), and 9.8% (62/630) for Se. Conditions in beef that were rare or absent in dairy were anaplasmosis, histophilosis, nutritional myopathy, Foothill abortion, Johne's disease and sudden death attributed to severely deficient copper. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was diagnosed in beef and dairy cattle, with 14.4% (123/855) and 14.5% (92/635) cases, respec­tively. However, the number of BRD cases deficient in Cu or Se was 68.3% (84/123) and 10.8% (10/92) for beef and dairy cattle, respectively. Salmonellosis and scours were rare in beef cattle but were the 2 most common diagnoses in dairy cattle, with 21.1% (134/635) cases (111 in group D1, 22 in groups B and C), and 16.4% (104/635), respectively. All dairy cases diagnosed with Salmonella Group D1 (most likely S. Dublin) ranged between 5 and 240 days of age. Copper and selenium deficiencies were extensive in beef but not in dairy cattle. Conditions, such as BRD in adult beef and poor BRD vaccination response in beef calves, were more likely to occur when Cu and/or Se were deficient.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of medetomidine administration on the Doppler variables of abdominal arteries. The study population consisted of 20 healthy dogs. The haemodynamic effects of the medetomidine were defined using Doppler variables of the abdominal aorta, renal arteries, cranial mesenteric artery and celiac artery. The dogs were monitored continuously and different measurements were performed before medetomidine injection, at 10, 40 and 80 minutes after medetomidine medication and after atipamezole administration. Changes in the characteristic Doppler spectra of different vessels were more marked in the abdominal aorta, in which a greater reverse flow was found. There was a significant decrease in peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), and mean velocity (MV) at ten minutes in every vessel studied and this effect persisted until atipamezole administration. Pulsatility index (PI) increased significantly in the abdominal aorta at ten minutes and persisted during the study until atipamezole administration. Resistive index (RI) did not vary significantly in any vessel. A significant decrease was found in flow volume of the abdominal aorta, the cranial mesenteric artery and the celiac artery at ten minutes, persisting until atipamezole administration. We conclude that medetomidine can be a good sedative in aiding sonographic evaluation of RI in all the abdominal vessels studied. On the other hand, the changes in other Doppler variables suggest that medetomidine administration causes significant hemodynamic differences between sedated and non-sedated dogs.

BackgroundShiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O157 can cause severe bloody diarrhea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Phage typing of E. coli O157 facilitates public health surveillance and outbreak investigations, certain phage types are more likely to occupy specific niches and are associated with specific age groups and disease severity. The aim of this study was to analyse the genome sequences of 16 (fourteen T4 and two T7) E. coli O157 typing phages and to determine the genes responsible for the subtle differences in phage type profiles.ResultsThe typing phages were sequenced using paired-end Illumina sequencing at The Genome Analysis Centre and the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency and bioinformatics programs including Velvet, Brig and Easyfig were used to analyse them. A two-way Euclidian cluster analysis highlighted the associations between groups of phage types and typing phages. The analysis showed that the T7 typing phages (9 and 10) differed by only three genes and that the T4 typing phages formed three distinct groups of similar genomic sequences: Group 1 (1, 8, 11, 12 and 15, 16), Group 2 (3, 6, 7 and 13) and Group 3 (2, 4, 5 and 14). The E. coli O157 phage typing scheme exhibited a significantly modular network linked to the genetic similarity of each group showing that these groups are specialised to infect a subset of phage types.ConclusionSequencing the typing phage has enabled us to identify the variable genes within each group and to determine how this corresponds to changes in phage type.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1470-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

WE would like to report the results from work investigating a case of suspected benzimidazole resistance in lambs infected with Nematodirus battus . We are aware of benzimidazole resistance having...

Lesions in the heart seen in unusual cases of blackleg in cattleLead poisoning diagnosed in housed suckler cowsMycotic abortion in pigsOedema disease outbreak in weaners with meningitis-like signsSeabird die-off thought...

Unusual outbreak of rhinitis in a Jersey herdPulpy kidney reported by most regional laboratories in four- to six-month-old lambsSwine influenza in batches of weaners with salmonellosis and streptococcal diseaseCoronavirus infection...

Schmallenberg virus found on many farms and diagnosis by PCR not always acheived Intestinal torsion on an outdoor pig unit Outbreaks of Glässers disease in the early postweaning period Tuberculosis outbreak in sheep Live bat found in a timberyard in a container from USA These are among matters discussed in the Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency's (AHVLA's) disease surveillance report for April

To the Editor: As Dallongeville et al1 indicated in the introduction of their article, it has been well established that fish consumption has a protective cardiovascular effect. To the existing theories of this association, the authors added another: fish consumption is associated with decreased heart rate and thus lower risk of sudden death because heart rate is positively associated with risk of sudden death. The protective effect of fish consumption on coronary artery disease was known in China nearly four decades ago. In an epidemiological study on the regional differences in incidence of coronary artery disease in people over 40 years of age in China, which was carried out by the Cardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China, it was noted that the lowest incidence of coronary artery disease (0.6%) was in the fishermen in Choushan archipelago (Table).2 View this table: Regional Differences …