Image Segmentation Based Hybrid Watermarking Algorithm for Copyright Protection

Digital Image Watermarking provides a successful method for content authentication and copyright protection. Thus, it has significant scope in today's era due to the rapid growth of internet users. The watermark should be robust and reliable in addition to being imperceptible to the human eye. In this paper, a hybrid singular value decomposition (SVD) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based watermarking scheme is presented. The SVD used in this scheme is a variant of the traditional SVD and is called shuffled SVD (SSVD). The cover image is decomposed into four sub-bands (LL, HL, LH, HH) using DWT. The LL subband is further divided into blocks of appropriate size. The principle components of the watermark image obtained after applying SSVD are embedded in various blocks of the LL sub-band. The proposed scheme shows significant robustness in addition to being false positive free.

This chapter extensively delves into the realm of digital image watermarking, encompassing comparisons with analogous information security methodologies, elucidations of watermark embedding and extraction procedures, discussions on watermark attributes and applications, overviews of prevalent watermarking tactics, and a concise recapitulation of secure watermarking approaches. The primary focus of this discourse lies in advanced strategies for shielding healthcare data using digital watermarking techniques, with special emphasis on the integration of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD). Recognizing the inherent challenges in safeguarding medical data amidst the dynamic healthcare landscape, the investigation explores multifaceted watermarking algorithms. Leveraging foundational principles from DWT, DCT, and SVD, the study amalgamates prior research and provides comparative evaluations of the efficacy of these methodologies through tabular representations.

The users of networks are increasing rapidly due to increase in growth of internet. There is always a concern among owners of the digital products about illegal copying of their products. Important issues in multimedia applications and services today are Security and copyright protection. Digital watermarking is a technology used for copyright protection of images videos etc. that is stored on internet. Here own right information data called watermark is embedded into the digital media without affecting the perceptual quality of video. In case if any dispute arises, it is possible to detect or extract the watermark data from the media and it can be used as an ownership proof. Digital video watermarking scheme is based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition. Design of this scheme using Matlab is proposed. Embedded watermark is robust against various attacks that can be carried out on the watermarked video.

In this paper, a new robust and secure video watermarking scheme based on discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and Laplacian pyramid is proposed for copyright protection applications. The main contributions of this work are: 1) Increasing watermark robustness towards common signal processing attacks by separating the watermark image into a high-frequency image and a low-frequency image using laplacian pyramid. Then, the singular values of each of the low-frequency watermark image and the high-frequency watermark image are hidden in two different DWT subbands of the original video frame. Separating the watermark and hiding its two parts in two different subbands of the DWT of the video frame makes it robust towards noise, filtering, and compression attacks. 2) Improving the quality of the extracted watermarks via correcting the received watermarked videos using SURF points when those videos are geometrically attacked, mainly by rotation, scaling, and shear attacks. 3) Increasing security and avoiding false positive problems (FPP) associated with SVD by using perceptual image hashing in the proposed scheme. Through experimental results and comparisons to other techniques, the proposed scheme has shown very high imperceptibility for the tested watermarked videos in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Also, the proposed scheme has demonstrated high watermark robustness towards various types of attacks, and an improvement in the quality of the extracted watermarks from 4 to 20 dB compared to other techniques.

An enhanced hybrid image watermarking scheme for security of medical and non-medical images based on DWT and 2-D SVD

Digital multimedia content protection has increasingly become an important issue. Because image watermarking is identified as a major technology used in copyright protection, a key requirement for image watermarking is the development of its imperceptibility and robustness. To meet this requirement, a novel robust image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and chaotic mixtures is proposed in this paper, In this method, the singular values of the encrypt watermark are embedded on the singular values of the important inscribed circle domain of normalized cover image's DWT sub-bands. Experimental results illustrate that this approach is robust to a wide range of attacks, especially geometrical attacks.

In this paper, we consider the application of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) in the digital watermark systerm. Based on this algorithm, it is efficient to protect the rights of the owners' digital content. This paper examines a technique for digital watermarking which utilizes properties of the DWT and SVD. The exeperimental results show that it is roubust against rotating, zoom, compression, adding noise, filtering and cropping.

This paper presents a new robust hybrid multiple watermarking technique using fusion of discrete wavelet transforms (DWT), discrete cosine transforms (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) instead of applying DWT, DCT and SVD individually or combination of DWT-SVD / DCT-SVD. For identity authentication purposes, multiple watermarks are embedded into the same medical image / multimedia objects simultaneously, which provides extra level of security with acceptable performance in terms of robustness and imperceptibility. In the embedding process, the cover image is decomposed into first level discrete wavelet transforms where the A (approximation/lower frequency sub-band) is transformed by DCT and SVD. The watermark image is also transformed by DWT, DCT and SVD. The S vector of watermark information is embedded in the S component of the cover image. The watermarked image is generated by inverse SVD on modified S vector and original U, V vectors followed by inverse DCT and inverse DWT. The watermark is extracted using an extraction algorithm. Furthermore, the text watermark is embedding at the second level of the D (diagonal sub-band) of the cover image. The security of the text watermark considered as EPR (Electronic Patient Record) data is enhanced by using encryption method before embedding into the cover. The results are obtained by varying the gain factor, size of the text watermark, and cover medical images. The method has been extensively tested and analyzed against known attacks and is found to be giving superior performance for robustness, capacity and reduced storage and bandwidth requirements compared to reported techniques suggested by other authors.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of Digital Cosine Transformation (DCT) technique and Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) technique in digital image watermarking. We have used standard digital images for analysing of Watermarked Images and applied standard attacks on the watermarked image. An experimental comparison was made using Matlab.

In telemedicine, the authenticity and integrity of medical images must be safeguarded. Copyright protection is provided through robust medical image watermarking (MIW) methods, and the original pictures may be retrieved at the receiver's end. But existing algorithms have limits in terms of balancing the tradeoff between robustness, imperceptibility, and embedded capacity. Aside from that, most MIW algorithms aren't built for color images. This article proposes a novel MIW technique based on the redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) with singular value decomposition (SVD) to increase their performance in preserving medical color picture information. First and foremost, the RDWT -SVD is a reliable solution as compared to the conventional DWT. Second, modifying the wavelet domain coefficient ensures that integer values in the spatial domain change and that the watermarking process is reversible. Finally, the embedding approach makes full advantage of the original image's features and watermarking. The simulation results showed that the proposed method decreases the amount of original picture change and improves imperceptibility as compared to the conventional approaches.

Digital watermarking is an application associated with copyright protection. Any digital object can be used as a carrier to carry information. If the information is related to object then it is known as a watermark which can be visible or invisible. In the era of digital information, there are multiple danger zones like copyright and integrity violations, of digital object. In case of any dispute during rights violation, content creator can prove ownership by recovering the watermark. Two most important prerequisites for an efficient watermarking scheme are robustness and security. Watermark must be robust and recoverable even if a part of content is altered by one or more attacks like compression, filtering, geometric distortions, resizing, etc. In this work, we propose a blind watermarking scheme based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Singular values (SV’s) of high frequency (HH) band are used to optimize perceptual transparency and robustness constraints. Although most of the SVD-based schemes prove to be robust, little attention has been paid to their security aspect. Therefore, we introduce a signature-based authentication mechanism at the decoder to improve security. Resulting blind watermarking scheme is secure and robust.

In this paper, a blind image watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) is proposed. In this scheme, DWT is applied on ROI (region of interest) of the medical image to get different frequency subbands of its wavelet decomposition. On the low frequency subband LL of the ROI, block-SVD is applied to get different singular matrices. A pair of elements with similar values is identified from the left singular value matrix of these selected blocks. The values of these pairs are modified using certain threshold to embed a bit of watermark content. Appropriate threshold is chosen to achieve the imperceptibility and robustness of medical image and watermark contents respectively. For authentication and identification of original medical image, one watermark image (logo) and other text watermark have been used. The watermark image provides authentication whereas the text data represents electronic patient record (EPR) for identification. At receiving end, blind recovery of both watermark contents is performed by a similar comparison scheme used during the embedding process. The proposed algorithm is applied on various groups of medical images like X-ray, CT scan and mammography. This scheme offers better visibility of watermarked image and recovery of watermark content due to DWT-SVD combination. Moreover, use of Hamming error correcting code (ECC) on EPR text bits reduces the BER and thus provides better recovery of EPR. The performance of proposed algorithm with EPR data coding by Hamming code is compared with the BCH error correcting code and it is found that later one perform better. A result analysis shows that imperceptibility of watermarked image is better as PSNR is above 43 dB and WPSNR is above 52 dB for all set of images. In addition, robustness of the scheme is better than existing scheme for similar set of medical images in terms of normalized correlation coefficient (NCC) and bit-error-rate (BER). An analysis is also carried out to verify the performance of the proposed scheme for different size of watermark contents (image and EPR data). It is observed from analysis that the proposed scheme is also appropriate for watermarking of color image. Using proposed scheme, watermark contents are extracted successfully under various noise attacks like JPEG compression, filtering, Gaussian noise, Salt and pepper noise, cropping, filtering and rotation. Performance comparison of proposed scheme with existing schemes shows proposed scheme has better robustness against different types of attacks. Moreover, the proposed scheme is also robust under set of benchmark attacks known as checkmark attacks.

Nowadays, the development of technology which involves multimedia data is widely used to help better understanding in spreading information. Image is known as 2D signal which contain huge data especially a high resolution image. This paper shows the comparison of applying lossy and lossless compression on the image data. Image compression is necessary in reducing the size of image for storage or transmission purpose to support most of the application nowadays. The technique applied in this paper is the hybrid of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) technique and Huffman coding technique which are classified as lossy and lossless compression, respectively. The performance of image compression are evaluated in terms of compression ratio, Mean Square Error (MSE), Power Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and computing time. Several types of evaluation can determine better technique to apply on specific type of application. The stand-alone of each DWT and Huffman technique are evaluated before applying hybrid of DWT and Huffman technique. After conducting a comprehensive observation, the hybrid technique can compress with ratio about 1:17 to 1:27 due to the support from DWT technique that apply filter concept. The MSE value is high with the average about 69 which contributes to low PSNR value with about 29 to 30 dB due to the relation of PSNR equation with MSE value. Besides, the SSIM value is 0.6 or about 40% far from the original image that affect the output image. Despite of that, the computing time is fast with about 3 to 4 seconds which has been improved from stand-alone Huffman technique. Therefore, hybrid compression is capable of supporting each other techniques in stand-alone technique.

Blind digital speech watermarking based on Eigen-value quantization in DWT

Digital image watermarking is one of the largest research fields, and it plays a vital role in digital information authentication and security. Based on the study of watermarking systems, the whole process may be segregated into the processes of watermark embedding and extraction. In this paper, a review of the theoretical and experimental analysis and performance measurement of representative digital image watermarking systems in spatial and transform domains is presented. The significant characteristics of the digital image watermarking scheme are robustness, capacity, imperceptibility, the security of the hiding place, and false-positive of the watermarking algorithm. Comparison of the different watermarking techniques such as the least significant bit (LSB), singular value decomposition (SVD), the discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is presented in a tabular form. A detailed discussion along with an algorithm for digital image encryption/decryption through embedding and extraction is given. A brief comparison of their relative advantages and disadvantages is also noted in this paper.KeywordsInformation hidingWatermarkingSecurityAttacksRobust