Implementation of virtual control circuits in dynamically reconfigurable FPGAs

This paper presents a model for building agents' memories in virtual environments. This approach allows the generation of agents' memory during the simulation, without user intervention. Moreover the memory can be used to generate behavioural reactive rules. We use dynamic and hierarchical finite state machine (DHFSM) in order to represent the agents past experiences.

Events detection and handling based on hierarchical finite state machines in EAST PCS

Angular velocity is a very important measurement parameter for autonomous driving and industrial applications. The design of MEMS quartz gyro measurement and control circuit has always been the key to restricting the measurement angular velocity performance of gyro system. This paper introduces the application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design and implementation of a MEMS quartz gyro measurement and control circuit for angular velocity measurement. The designed nonlinear multiplier can use a square wave to drive the gyro’s sensitive structure at the beginning of gyro start-up, thereby reducing the gyro power-up time. The drive circuit replaces the PLL with an automatic gain control unit composed of peak detection and proportional integration (PI) controller, which makes the MEMS gyro system have good robustness. First, SIMULINK is used to model and simulate the MEMS gyroscope system-level model, which illustrates the feasibility of the drive circuit design scheme. Then, the operating principle of the drive loop is analyzed, and the design of the key circuit modules of the measurement and control circuit is introduced. Finally, the performance of the gyroscope drive and detection circuit is experimentally tested, the amplitude and frequency uncertainty of the gyroscope drive circuit are evaluated, and the bias instability and nonlinearity of the gyroscope are tested, the experiment results show that the gyroscope has good performance.

The W-method is one of the most general and widely used methods for generating tests from a finite state machine (FSM). The paper shows how the W-method can be used to generate test sequences from a hierarchical FSM and also from a system of communicating FSMs in which the communication is one-directional. By refining test suites in parallel with the specification and using a divide and conquer strategy, the size of the test data is considerably reduced in comparison to the case in which tests are derived directly from the final specification.

Brushless DC motor is widely used in the space industry owing to its high performance, but the complex application environment brings a lot of damage factors to the motor. For example, the space radiation may damage the circuit device, and strong electromagnetic fields may interfere with motor operation. Therefore, the high reliability of the motor system becomes increasingly important. In order to improve the reliability of the motor system, a self-repairing control circuit was presented in the past research, it adopt evolvable hardware (EHW) method based on virtual reconfigurable circuit (VRC). But this method has a high resource overhead and a large circuit delay. Therefore, a self-repairing control system designed in EHW based on Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) has been presented in this paper. It is a system on a programmable chip (sOPC) with Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) implemented on the on-chip soft core processor. The self-repairing motor control circuit has been implemented on the ML605 FPGA platform. The self-repair results are given under varying degrees of hardware failure; and the reliability and resource overhead of the system have been analyzed. The experiment results show that the EHW based on DPR can reduce the resource cost and circuit delay, compared with the EHW based on VRC. Even if the number of damaged PE arrived at 27.8%, the system can still find new control circuit solution and achieve self-repair, thus the reliability of the system has been improved significantly.

Sharing intellectual property (IP) blocks in today's competitive market poses significant high security risks. In this paper, we present a tutorial for a watermarking approach based on the embedding of the ownership proof as part of the IP design's finite state machine (FSM). It utilizes coinciding as well as unused transitions in the state transition graph of the design. Based on this approach, we have developed a robust watermarking framework, used for copyright protection. The developed technique increases the robustness of the watermark and allows a secure implementation, hence enabling the development of the first public-key IP watermarking scheme at the FSM level. In order to integrate these algorithms in the design cycle of industrial projects, we extend the above techniques to enable the watermarking of hierarchical finite state machines (HFSMs)

In the manufacturing process, digital twin technology can provide real-time mapping, prediction, and optimization of the physical manufacturing process in the information world. In order to realize the complete expression and accurate identification of and changes in the real-time state of the manufacturing process, a digital twin framework of incremental learning driven by stream data is proposed. Additionally, a novel method of stream data-driven equipment operation state modeling and incremental anomaly detection is proposed based on the digital twin. Firstly, a hierarchical finite state machine (HFSM) for the manufacturing process was proposed to completely express the manufacturing process state. Secondly, the incremental learning detection method driven by stream data was used to detect the anomaly of the job process data, so as to change the job status in real time. Furthermore, the F1 value and time consumption of the proposed algorithm were compared and analyzed using a general dataset. Finally, the method was applied to the practical case development of a welding manufacturer’s digital twin system. The flexibility of the proposed model is calculated by the quantitative method. The results show that the proposed state modeling and anomaly detection method can help the system realize job state mapping and state change quickly, effectively, and flexibly.

An agent-based modeling framework for the multi-UAV rendezvous recharging problem

A model for a phased-array radar in the context of a defensive Naval system has been developed using hierarchical finite state machines. This model is used to study resource management for a fleet of ships equipped with one radar unit each. This fleet is under attack from aerial enemy agents. A control algorithm formulated on this specific model is used to dynamically generate a greedy policy for radar operation. The defense system is evaluated in its capability to acquire and track those aerial threats, in two configurations -centralized and decentralized (independent). The performance is quantified on the basis of time taken to establish the threat trajectory, time to compute the policy and the number of threats the system fails to track. A comparison of performance in the two configurations is provided.

Perkembangan industri game mendorong kebutuhan akan sistem kendali karakter dan pertarungan yang responsif dalam genre Action RPG 2D. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan sistem character player yang mencakup character controller dan combat system menggunakan Godot Engine. Character controller dirancang untuk memberikan kendali yang halus terhadap pergerakan karakter seperti bergerak, berlari, dan melompat, sedangkan combat system difokuskan pada mekanisme attack, deteksi musuh, upgrade stats, dan pengurangan damage musuh. Metode yang digunakan adalah rekayasa perangkat lunak dengan tahapan analisis, perancangan, implementasi, dan pengujian. Sistem kendali karakter dikembangkan menggunakan Hierarchical Finite State Machine (HFSM) agar modular dan mudah dikembangkan, sedangkan sistem pertarungan memanfaatkan area dan animasi yang sinkron. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem berjalan dengan baik dan memberikan pengalaman bermain yang responsif dan stabil. Implementasi ini penting sebagai acuan pengembangan game Action RPG 2D berbasis open-source.

We believe that the best chance to observe macroscopic quantum coherence (MQC) in an rf-SQUID qubit is to use on-chip RSFQ digital circuits for preparing, evolving and reading out the qubit's quantum state. This approach allows experiments to be conducted on a very short time scale (sub-nanosecond) without the use of large bandwidth control lines that would couple environmental degrees of freedom to the qubit, thus contributing to its decoherence. In this paper we present our design of an RSFQ digital control circuit for demonstrating MQC in an rf-SQUID. We assess some of the key practical issues in the circuit design including the achievement of the necessary flux bias stability. We present an "active" isolation structure to be used to increase coherence times. The structure decouples the SQUID from external degrees of freedom, and then couples it to the output measurement circuitry when required, all under the active control of RSFQ circuits.

Content-based visualization for intelligent problem-solving environments

In this work, a novel grouped clocking technique is applied to the programmed pulse width modulation(PPWM) clock control circuits, the purpose of this technique is to broaden the spectrum and mitigate electromagnetic interference of the output waveform in continuous conduction mode(CCM) DC-DC converters. Different from the traditional clocking control technique, the number of optimization variables in grouped PPWM is reduced by dividing these parameters into several groups with same periods and duty ratios. Due to less variables, the design of control circuits can be well simplified. For validation, the genetic algorithm is employed in the grouped clocking technique to implement mitigation of EMI in a traditional continuous conduction mode DC-DC converter. The numerical results show that the EMI is well reduced by using the grouped clocking technique in PPWM control.

This paper presents an efficient and robust circuital implementation of a rail-to-rail input stage with transconductance control, tailored for low-noise operational amplifiers based on differential pairs biased in the sub-threshold region. The proposed g m -control circuit design is indeed based on transistors ratio only, and allows efficient control with scaled currents and dimensions. The architecture guarantees nearly constant performance in terms of bandwidth and power consumption over the whole common mode input range in a power- and area-efficient way. The achievable precision of the transconductance control is also analyzed with transistor equations and its deviation predicted with a simple analytical model, which suggests also a strategy for the minimization of the error by proper tuning. A prototype of the input---output rail-to-rail operational amplifier has been fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology, confirming the validity of the g m -control loop. The amplifier consumes 597 μA from a 3.3 V supply, with an open-loop gain of 107 dB and a gain-bandwidth product of 42.6 MHz.

In order to improve validity and pertinence of strategies in robot soccer, this paper put forward a finite state automatons hierarchical decision model based on match state estimations. This model synthesizes and quantitates the information of state estimations and feedback of performing effects, establishes tactics conversion relationship based on finite state automatons, accordingly makes a tactic suiting current states. The simulations indicate that the decision model in this paper improves validity and pertinence of tactics to a great extent, enabling that whole abilities of attacking and defending for the soccer team attain corresponding melioration.