Implementing a very high-speed secure hash algorithm 3 accelerator based on PCI-express

The meaning of security is to protect something important from not authorized peoples. Cryptography is one of the security systems. Many applications could be used in the security systems like military applications, email, banking, information technology of database. The proposed system uses advanced encryption standard(AES) with secure hash algorithms(SHA-1) to produce a strong ciphertext. Moreover, this paper make the combination of (SHA-1) which is a one way encryption, as a key with (AES) algorithm which is a two way encryption as a ciphering generator to obtain confidentiality and integrity, In this paper presented implementation of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Secure Hash (SHA-1) Algorithm by the use of FPGA Hardware card, However implementation of the AES algorithm and SHA-1 using LABVIEW environment with MATLAB system generator to generate stream data to FPGA hardware target. The output of the hash function is used as an input key for AES in order to improve data security, From the algorithms result of AES and SHA-1 obtained in FPGA, the system obtained how it is simple in modeling hashing and AES algorithms, generating hash codes and plain texts in (small and capital letters), symbols and numbers. The FPGA card used in this system (Spartan 3AN)with frequency (50%), the complete system take (1,147)size from the available space of (11,776) and accuracy (90%),the system work properly.

In this paper, a chaotic image encryption algorithm is suggested combining with double chaotic maps, SHA‐3 (Secure Hash Algorithm‐3), and auto‐updating system. To shuffle pixel positions, a matrix having same size of the plain‐image is generated dependent on the plain‐image in stage of permutation. Then, SHA‐3 is taken to calculate its hash values used to produce control parameter and initial condition of Logistic map. After that, total permutation is implemented for row and column to exchange pixels, where auto‐updating systems are established by different images acting like one‐time pad. Furthermore, 3D chaotic cat map is employed to enlarge key space in diffusion process. Permuted image is firstly divided into four sub‐blocks, which are queued randomly according to the key of Logistic map. The last sub‐block is picked out to calculate the hash values using SHA‐3, of which are assigned into three groups to update the initial conditions of 3D chaotic cat map performing like one‐time pad again. Current sub‐block is designed to influence next sub‐block in diffusion process. As a result, the proposed algorithm can resist efficiently the chosen‐plaintext and known‐plaintext attacks. Experimental results are also given to explain the high security of the proposed method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Security issues have become a major issue on the Internet. One of the security methods that are widely used today is to implement a digital certificate. Digital certificates have evolved over time, one of which is the X.509 digital certificate. Digital certificates have been widely used as authentication applications, web network authentication and other authentication systems that require digital certificates. This research is carried out by implementing an X.509 digital certificate technology as a mobile web service with its client. Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA), Diffie-Hellman, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are used to secure the data exchange transaction between the web service and mobile phone. SHA algorithm will be used for user authentication, Diffie-Hellman algorithm will be used for public key exchange and AES algorithms will be used for symmetric cryptography data. The results of the application of digital certificates, the SHA algorithm, Diffie-Hellman, and AES in mobile phone applications, provide security application running on web service. Index Terms”Digital Certificate, X.509, SHA, Diffie Hellman, AES

The “information age” as often referred to the modern society, has become heavily dependent on information systems. As this dependency increases, the threat to information security has also gained ground. Societies need to cater for the security of information, and this has led to the development of different information security techniques most notable of which is cryptography. Cryptographic Hash functions are used to achieve a number of security goals like authenticity, digital signatures, pseudo-random number generation, digital steganography, digital time stamping. The strength of a cryptographic hash function can be summarized into its vulnerability to attack and computational time. This work therefore, reviews existing standard cryptographic hash functions, their construction and their application areas. The secured hash function (SHA) was selected and implemented based on its comparative worth over others. The implemented cryptographic hash function is evaluated for performance using a cryptographic evaluation standard.

Abstract: As digital technology continues to expand into every field, ensuring the integrity and authenticity of data has become increasingly essential. Cryptographic hash functions, especially the Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) family, are instrumental in achieving these objectives. This review presents a detailed study of SHA-1, SHA-2, and SHA-3, discussing their algorithmic design, strengths, weaknesses, and applications in digital security. The paper provides comparative insights supported by research literature and explores recent advances in cryptanalysis and the challenges posed by quantum computing. Keywords: SHA, Cryptography, Hash Functions, SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3, Blockchain, Digital Signatures, Data Integrity, Post-Quantum Security

Brute-force attack is considered one of the oldest attacks in the entire history of cybersecurity. Amid the diverse cyberattacks, the brute-force technique or exhaustive search has always gained its importance when it comes to access data in an unauthorized manner. Slowly and gradually, a lot more variants of brute-force have been released by the cybercriminals as they have also evolved. Alternatively, hashing has also evolved timely as a countermeasure of various cyberattacks. All variants of the SHA are illustrated here in this paper such as SHA-0, SHA-1, SHA-512, and SHA-256. SHA is also very popular as a network peer-to-peer technology blockchain also uses this for its security. The objective of the paper is to attain a measure of enhanced security. This paper discusses the in-depth analysis of brute-force attack on the secure hashing algorithms. Moreover, a study of diverse brute-force attacks is also highlighted in this paper.KeywordsBrute-forceSHASecured communicationPrivacy preservationCryptanalysis

In today's commercial environment, establishing a framework for the authentication came with different challenges, need of secure document exchange, secure bank transactions, and other e-commerce needs. Challenges are in term of confidentiality. Digital signature (DS) is the only means of achieving it. This paper shows a method in signing and verifying a document digitally online. A document is first signed, using a Secure Hash Algorithm - 160 (SHA-1), then protected by sender's keys. The receiver verifies the signature using keys stored in the smart card (SMC) that is derived from his fingerprint. This paper investigates DSs techniques that is based on use of SMCs. It shows how true user identity can be verified when used keys are derived from human characteristics. The obtained results were translated in term of speed and security enhancement which is highly in demand of e-commerce society.

In this paper Image Based Authentication application is applied on folder's (folders that are confidential to user) ,since the studies till date have shown that textual passwords are more prone that they are well hacked by hackers through easily available software's or programming different code to hack the password. The textual passwords use languages that can be identified using the grammar that they use, therefore our project focuses on Graphical passwords , because as such it has been observed that human brains is better at re-collecting and recognizing images than text, the images are well captured and stored rather than text. There have been phases in creating a strong graphical password scheme from 1999, with the promise that the graphical passwords would provide improved password memorability and usability. The technique that we use here is PCCP (PERSUASIVE CUED CLICK POINTS), this is a combination of recall and recognition based techniques with the implementation of SHA1 (Secure Hash Algorithm). Here PCCP is used for user to have better strong passwords by expanding password space and SHA1 is used to ensure security to folder. Keyword: Authentication, Graphical Password, Hotspot, Passpoints, Secure Hash Algorithm,

New hashing technique based on SHA-3 (Secure Hash Algorithm-3) is introduced. Chaotic maps are used in this technique to enhance performance without losing security. Introduced algorithm was tested for resistance against collisions, statistical analysis of output sequences was performed, hashing performance was evaluated. The testing showed a low collision probability. The testing corresponds the standards of National Institute of Standards and Technology and showed that output sequences are close to random. Performance testing showed 60 % enhancement in comparison with plain SHA-3.

This paper presents a comparison of hardware efficiency of the current Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) SHA-2 standard algorithm and Blake SHA-3 candidate realized on actual Intel field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The research methods are based on various platforms, which are based on pipelined methods, and folding and unrolling processes. Research is being conducted into bandwidth based on the speed and the overall usage of the resource of microcircuits. When creating hardware implementations of algorithms, overall performance is extremely necessary, and this parameter take into the system-wide comparative analysis.

The development of a low-cost high-performance secure hash algorithm (SHA)-256 accelerator has recently received extensive interest because SHA-256 is important in widespread applications, such as cryptocurrencies, data security, data integrity, and digital signatures. Unfortunately, most current researches have focused on the performance of the SHA-256 accelerator but not on a system level, in which the data transfer between the external memory and accelerator occupies a large time fraction. In this paper, we solve the state-of-art problem with a novel SHA-256 architecture named the multimem SHA-256 accelerator that achieves high performance at the system on chip (SoC) level. Notably, our accelerator employs three novel techniques, the pipelined arithmetic logic unit (ALU), multimem processing element (PE), and shift buffer in shift buffer out (SBi-SBo), to reduce the critical path delay and significantly increase the processing rate. Experiments on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) show that the proposed accelerator achieves significantly better processing rate and hardware efficiency than previous works. The accelerator accuracy is verified on a real hardware platform (FPGA ZCU102). The accelerator is synthesized and laid out with 180 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with a chip sized <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$8.5\,mm \times 8.5\,mm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , consumes 1.86 W, and provides a maximum processing rate of 40.96 Gbps at 80 MHz and 1.8 V. With FPGA Xilinx 16 nm FinFET technology, the accelerator processing rate is as high as 284 Gbps.

Since the appearance of the revolutionary field on the domain of the power industry called smart grid, many challenges are proposed. However, the main challenge is how to secure a large amount of data using smart grid. In a smart grid, the power consuming data are collected to optimize energy utilization. However, the collection of electricity usage data may cause the leakage of user privacy-sensitive information that threatens the user's privacy. In fact, we propose, a secure energy prototype for smart grids with data confidentiality, data integrity, intrusion detection and filtering. In fact, in the proposed prototype, we achieve data source authentication, data aggregation, where the data confidentiality is based on the AES-CBC (Advanced Encryption Standard -Cipher Block Chaining) algorithm and the data integrity is based on the SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) algorithm. The proposed prototype delivers energy related information safely throughout the data transfer in a chain of a smart grid. Therefore, we propose a filtering process to prevent remote attacks. We have noticed from the python implementation results of a prototype that the proposed security mechanisms do not introduce a significant overhead for all the process.

A Deep Learning-based Cryptocurrency Price Prediction Scheme for Financial Institutions

An alternating current (ac)-coupled high-speed receiver analog front end is capable of shifting the input direct current (dc) level without extra current consumption and signal degradation at high frequencies. However, the dc wander due to the high-pass characteristic of the ac-coupled front end may degrade the receiver performance because it equivalently modulates the sampling threshold voltage of the sampler. While this modulation may be negligible for highly dc-balanced input, it shows observable degradation in Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) 3.0 receivers operating at 8 Gb/s. In addition, analog equalization is generally required for a PCIe 3.0 receiver front end. This paper presents techniques to add linear equalization and dc wander compensation into an ac-coupled receiver front end. The proposed linear equalization scheme attenuates the low-frequency energy and keeps the high-frequency energy. The proposed dc wander-compensation method is independent of process, voltage, and temperature; therefore, there is no need for calibration or compensation. The proposed schemes have very low power consumption and very good linearity because only passive and linear components are utilized in the main signal path. The proposed schemes were confirmed by simulation.

The United States of America has adopted a suite of Secure Hash Algorithms (SHAs), including four beyond SHA-1, as part of a Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), specifically SHA-224 (RFC 3874), SHA-256, SHA-384, and SHA-512. The purpose of this document is to make source code performing these hash functions conveniently available to the Internet community. The sample code supports input strings of arbitrary bit length. SHA-1's sample code from RFC 3174 has also been updated to handle input strings of arbitrary bit length. Most of the text herein was adapted by the authors from FIPS 180-2. Code to perform SHA-based HMACs, with arbitrary bit length text, is also included. This memo provides information for the Internet community.