Importance of implementing smart renewable energy system using heuristic neural decision support system

Introduction: To date, a variety of studies have been published on the topic of long term energy system transition. Most studies on future energy systems, however, have a shorter time frame or adopt a supranational focus (e.g. the Energy Roadmap, 2011 or the World Energy Outlook, 2015). It then constitutes a sincere challenge to perform a national energy system transition study with as time horizon 2050 and covering a far-reaching transformation of the energy system. VITO, together with the FPB (Federal Planning Bureau) and ICEDD, performed a study to scrutinise the transition of the Belgian national energy system towards a future mix entirely based on renewable energy sources. The focus on renewable energy sources and on building a national energy system completely running on renewable energy can be traced back to three main concerns: – Climate change: Renewable energy sources (RES) are a major instrument in the fight against climate change as RES do not release (net) greenhouse gas emissions. – Security...

This paper examines the dual efficiency of bioenergy, renewable hydro energy, solar energy, wind energy, and geothermal energy for selected OECD countries through an integrated model with energy, economic, environmental, and social dimensions. Two questions are explored: Which renewable energy alternative is more dual efficient and productive? Which renewable energy alternative is best for a particular country? Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used for the efficiency evaluation, and the global Malmquist productivity index is applied for productivity analysis. Results indicate bioenergy as the most efficient renewable energy alternative with a 20% increase in average efficiency in 2016 compared to 2012. Renewable hydro energy, wind energy, and solar energy show a 17.5%, 16%, and 11% increase, respectively. The average efficiency growth across all renewable energy alternatives signifies major advancement. Country performance in renewable energy is non-monolithic; therefore, they should customize their renewable energy portfolio accordingly to their strengths to enhance renewable energy efficiency. Renewable hydro appears to have the most positive productivity change in 2016 compared to 2012, while solar energy regressed in productivity due to its scale inefficiency. All renewable energy alternatives have relatively equal average pure efficiency change. The positive trend in efficiency and productivity provides an incentive for policy makers to pursue further development of renewable energy technologies with a focus on improving scale efficiency.

A deep learning-based forecasting model for renewable energy scenarios to guide sustainable energy policy: A case study of Korea

Understanding the fundamentals of electrochemical interfaces will undoubtedly reveal a path forward towards a society based on clean and renewable energy. In particular, it has been proposed that hydrogen can play a major role as an energy carrier of the future. To fully utilize the clean energy potential of a hydrogen economy, it is vital to produce hydrogen via water electrolysis, thus avoiding co-production of CO₂ inherent to reformate hydrogen. While significant research efforts elsewhere are focused on photo-chemical hydrogen production from water, the inherent low efficiency of this method would require a massive land-use footprint to achieve sufficient hydrogen production rates to integrate hydrogen into energy markets. Thus, this research has primarily focused on the water splitting reactions on base-metal catalysts in the alkaline environment. Development of high-performance base-metal catalysts will help move alkaline water electrolysis to the forefront of hydrogen production methods, and when paired with solar and wind energy production, represents a clean and renewable energy economy. In addition to the water electrolysis reactions, research was conducted to understand the de-activation of reversible hydrogen electrodes in the corrosive environment of the hydrogen-bromine redox flow battery. Redox flow batteries represent a promising energy storage option to overcome the intermittency challenge of wind and solar energy production methods. Optimization of modular and scalable energy storage technology will allow higher penetration of renewable wind and solar energy into the grid.

This article examines the challenges and opportunities associated with effective policy decision-making for advancing Nigeria’s renewable energy system through a systematic scoping review. Secondary data were collected from peer-reviewed journal articles, books, and other online sources, encompassing quantitative, qualitative, and review studies spanning the period from 2000 to 2025. The search process utilized academic databases and search engines, including Google Scholar and RefSeek, among others. Retrieved data were subjected to content and thematic analysis. The findings indicate that Nigeria possesses abundant renewable energy resources, including solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, with significant opportunities for legislative reforms, institutional strengthening, technological innovation, and infrastructure development. Several policy frameworks, such as the Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP), the National Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Policy (NREEEP), and the Electric Power Sector Reform Act (EPSRA) of 2005, have been introduced to promote renewable energy utilization. However, these policies have largely failed to achieve their intended impact due to persistent challenges, including the absence of a comprehensive and coherent energy policy, regulatory burdens, legal inconsistencies, and institutional inefficiencies. To address these issues, the article recommends that the Nigerian government and policymakers establish a clear and robust regulatory framework that supports the sustainable development and utilization of renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal energy. Strengthening policy implementation mechanisms and ensuring institutional coordination are also critical to overcoming existing barriers and fostering a resilient renewable energy sector in Nigeria.

Renewable energy (RE) has been identified as an appropriate response to climate change and fossil fuel depletion by many governmental bodies. It has shifted the energy industry towards renewable and sustainable energy systems over the last few decades. This expansion has also increased the demand of specialists for design, installation and maintenance of different RE systems. Most people working in this sector are not well trained or educated enough whereas some of them are not even aware of sustainability. This has shifted towards formulation, model, develop and incorporation of new courses and programmes that would provide sufficient knowledge and skill in the sustainable RE sector. Moreover, the implementation of these new RE courses shouldn’t be limited to engineering level but also focuses on providing basic knowledge to everyone working in this field. Hence, in the present study, two-course structures have been suggested, i.e. general course which would offer basic knowledge and awareness of different RE systems in school level (including primary, elementary, intermediate and secondary) and in the professional programmes (Industrial Training Institute (ITI), diploma, undergraduate, postgraduate and research). Moreover, adequate knowledge would be provided not only in the theoretical field but also in the practical field depending upon the level of programme. Furthermore, undergraduate, postgraduate and research levels students would be provided with a broad knowledge of science, engineering design, planning and implementation of RE systems, while ITI and diploma level would acquire skill development and training in the RE systems.

Sustainable Energy Systems: Planning, Integration and Management provides integrated perspectives on engineering, management, and technological perspectives to examine how renewable energy sources, smart grids, artificial intelligence, and advanced forecasting methods can be effectively planned, integrated, and managed within contemporary energy infrastructures. The book begins by introducing AI-enabled smart grid systems and their role in improving energy efficiency, reliability, and grid optimisation. The book highlights the technology, storage and working principles behind major renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. Chapters also focus on the use of computational intelligence in forecasting, management and optimisation of major energy sources. The book examines frameworks, principles, supply chains, and policy-driven approaches to sustainable energy governance. Real-world case studies on energy management provide practical insights into scalable and implementable solutions. By combining theoretical foundations with applied case studies and modern digital technologies, this book serves as an essential resource for understanding the planning, integration, and management of sustainable energy systems in the era of intelligent and renewable-powered infrastructure. Key Features: -Comprehensive coverage of renewable energy technologies, including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass, and hydrogen energy -Exploration of AI-enabled smart grids, energy forecasting, and intelligent energy management systems -Integration of Industry 4.0, machine learning, and digital technologies in energy optimisation and planning -Detailed discussion on hybrid renewable systems, energy storage, and grid integration strategies

In recent years, there have been some natural and human-made disasters and severe social clashes in globally important energy regions, which has had a negative impact on the environment in general and on the development of the energy market in particular. Therefore, the development of the modern energy industry is aimed at the broad involvement of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy balance of the world's advanced countries. At the EU level, particular attention is given to increasing the proportion of RES in total energy consumption to 12% with the installed capacity of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems up to 3 GW. The purpose of our study is to propose a mathematical model of the electricity generation processes in renewable solar and wind energy systems by methods of the theory of impulsive, random processes as well as recommendations for the development of RES based on the analysis of the trends in consumption and production of energy resources, their supply-demand proportion, and a model for the development of the energy market. Our findings show that the proposed model will allow to optimize the structure and create adaptive energy systems of RES.Keywords: energy consumption, active consumer, energy market, electric power industry, tariffs.JEL Classifications: D24; Q43; M31DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7728

Development of renewable energy systems can certainly contribute to climate change mitigation. In many regions initiatives can be noticed to succeed in increasing the efficient usage of renewable energy resources such as hydro power, solar and wind energy as well as bioenergy. From these resources the bioenergy and the hydro power by their storage possibilities have the potential to counterbalance the temporal variability of solar and wind energy. Anyway, by applying such renewable energy resources it is possible to meet sustainable future national energy-related advisory goals and mitigate CO2 emissions as foremost objective of energy sector strategies on European level. The innovative thinking way of humanity has always been driving the field of shaping more efficient energy supply systems with less negative environmental impacts. The impacts of conventional energy supply systems, especially based on fossil fuels, have been long-perceivable especially on the environment. In the meanwhile, it has become clear that the usage of fossil fuels for operating energy supply systems does not represent a long-term solution. Renewable energy resources, like water, wind and solar energy, must be more used in the future by considering their sustainable usage odds being needed a holistic analysis and assessment by applying methods and instruments of Technology Assessment. In this paper proposal a case study in a region of Republic of Moldova will be presented, where the design of a wind energy-based energy supply system is planned for mitigating climate change. After debating the relevance of technical aspects besides environmental related criteria regarding shaping odds of a wind farm in concrete Moldavian conditions, corresponding environmental aspects will be debated as well as future usage odds of wind energy on a regional level.

Libya is an oil exporting country located in the middle of the North Africa. Exporting oil is the major income resource for the economics of the country. Al-Zawea refinery is one of the oil refineries in Libya. It is the largest refinery in the region. The refinery located in the Mediterranean coast. Electricity is the main sector in the refinery to produce and export oil. This paper discusses the possibility of the penetration of the renewable energy (wind) generated electricity into the refinery power system. Although, renewable energy application in Libya was started in the middle of the seventies, it has still not found its way into industry sector. This study proposes the possible impacts of renewable (wind) energy system integration on the Al-Zawea refinery electric grid to satisfy the refinery load demand.

Summary. With the continuous expansion of grid-connected power generation from renewable energy sources, such as wind and light, the forms of power sources are more diversified. The coupling and uncertainty of multiple energy sources will cause significant changes in the characteristics of the power system. Problems like the complexity of the power system lack a scientific and complete explanation. This paper comprehensively considers the regional weather conditions, the uncertainty of the output of wind and solar energy sources, and the time and space complementary characteristics of multiple power sources. Based on the theory of complex adaptive systems, a systematic and holistic optimization planning method is studied. Combining the idea of complementarity because of differences, a multipoint layout planning and design method for multienergy power systems is proposed to give full play to the synergistic effects of natural resources, achieve optimal resource allocation, and provide a theoretical basis for improving the consumption of wind and renewable energy. Taking an actual provincial power system in China as an example, through the comparison of production simulation calculations and multiscenario analysis and planning methods, the proposed method can significantly increase the consumption of wind and solar renewable energy.

Greening seaports: Evaluating impacts and policies for renewable energy systems

The study delves into the intricate question of whether China’s vast renewable resources, specifically wind, geothermal, and solar energy (WGS), can adequately meet the nation’s electricity demands and potentially fulfill its entire energy needs. This study explores China’s transition to renewable energy sources, with the main objective being assess the feasibility of meeting China’s total energy demand through renewables. Based on the historical data from 2010 to 2020, we forecast the development trend of China’s renewable energy and fossil energy demand using gray prediction models. The modeling results indicate that China’s entire electricity demand could be met solely by wind, geothermal, and solar energy (WGS) by approximately 2045. Moreover, if the current development trajectory of WGS is upheld, China’s total energy demand could be satisfied by WGS as early as 2082. Wind and solar power have significantly driven the expansion of WGS, collectively contributing to nearly three-quarters of its growth. However, the development of geothermal energy has progressed more slowly in comparison. Looking ahead, it is projected that China’s total energy demand could potentially be met by a combination of all renewable energy sources – including hydropower, solar, wind, geothermal, and nuclear energy – around 2064. This paper predicts that China’s renewable energy consumption will reach 56% by 2050 and 98% by 2060 respectively. These findings provide valuable insights into the feasibility of achieving “zero-carbon” China and the contribution of renewable energy in this process. The forecast results of this paper are helpful in guiding the development of WGS in China, and are of great significance in promoting sustainable development.

GIS-based site selection methodology for hybrid renewable energy systems: A case study from western Turkey

Two popular renewable energy sources of solar irradiation and wind speed usually offer amiable intervention, especially for rural electrification. They are useful in rural areas where the supply of electricity by the national grid infrastructure is not a viable option economically. By the gift of nature, multiple renewable energy sources are often available in those areas. Optionally, these renewable energy sources can be combined to help minimize the cost of energy production contingent on the cost of operation, the amount of energy produced, the load demand, and the environmental factors. The objective of this research task is to propose a framework for meeting the power load demand of consumers while optimizing the operational costs of hybrid renewable energy from solar and wind power. A nature-inspired/meta-heuristic optimization method is proposed in this framework, to minimize the cost of the hybrid energy subject to the required constraints from the renewable energy system. The proposed algorithm was applied to solve a hybrid energy problem. Experimentation with empirical data is conducted, and KSA is evaluated against other nature-inspired algorithms such as BAT and WSAMP with minus previous steps. The real-life data were collected in Ghana from energy farms in Accra, Kumasi and Navrongo. The efficacy of the energy optimization is found to be sensitive to the meta-heuristic algorithms (KSA, BAT and WSAMP with minus previous step). The experiment result shows that by using KSA algorithm in hybridizing solar and wind energy, the cost of electricity could be minimized and adequately meet the demand of consumers.KeywordsEdge computing deviceHybrid renewable energy systemIoT deviceKestrel-based search algorithmKestroidMeta-heuristic algorithm