Improving electronic customers' profile in recommender systems using data mining techniques

Cooking your own food at home is a good step toward reducing fast food consumption. Fast food increases the risk of dangerous diseases. The diversity of recipe information available on the internet makes it difficult to choose recipes that match user preferences. Mobile technology can help with this by recommending recipes that better suit users' eating habits. This makes the transition to a healthier diet easier. Therefore, in this study, a recommendation system was developed that can recommend recipes based on the preferences of Android users. Two main recommendation methods are used in this study: content-based filtering and collaborative filtering. Using cosine similarity, a content-based recommendation system identifies the proximity between a recipe for food and its related context. The history of user comments on recipes serves as implicit feedback for the collaborative recommendation algorithm. This eliminates the need for explicit evaluations, such as ratings. This recommendation system generates recommendations in the form of the top ten food recipes with an evaluation matrix, referred to as NDCG@k and Hit-Ratio@k. The tests revealed that a content-based filtering technique may produce helpful recommendations, with the highest similarity score of 0.41 for the entry "chocolate cake that you can easily make at home." Meanwhile, in the collaborative filtering method using the Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) approach, the system shows consistent performance improvements, with the MAP@10 value increasing from 0.705 to 0.767 and the NDCG@10 from 0.78 to 0.83 after 10 training epochs. Keywords: Recommendation systems; content-based filtering; neural collaborative filtering; cosine similarity; implicit feedback

The recommendation system is an application model based on observations of the circumstances and customer desires. In the recommendation system, several methods are used to support how the system works in producing information. One method of recommendation system that is quite popular is the method Hybrid. Several researchers have successfully applied this method in developing a tourism recommendation system, therefore to achieve the goal of implementing a tourism recommendation, it is better to take advantage of a marketing technique such as promotion in order to increase sales and attract more comprehensive customers. Therefore, a literature review on the method hybrid (Collaborative Filtering & Content-Based Filtering) of this travel recommendation system is carried out to collaborate between methods, algorithms, and a tool or media marketing applied in a recommendation system.

When we buy items in online stores, it is common to face recommended items that meet our interest. These recommendation system help users not only to find out related items, but also find new things that may interest users. Recommendation system has been widely studied and various models has been suggested such as, collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. Though collaborative filtering shows good performance for predicting users preference, there are some conditions where collaborative filtering cannot be applied. Sparsity in user data causes problems in comparing users. Systems which are newly starting or companies having small number of users are also hard to apply collaborative filtering. Content-based filtering should be used to support this conditions, but content-based filtering has some drawbacks and weakness which are tendency of recommending similar items, and keeping history of a user makes recommendation simple and not able to follow up users preference changes. To overcome this drawbacks and limitations, we suggest weighted window assisted user history based recommendation system, which captures user’s purchase patterns and applies them to window weight adjustment. The system is capable of following current preference of a user, removing useless recommendation and suggesting items which cannot be simply found by users. To examine the performance under user and data sparsity environment, we applied data from start-up trading company. Through the experiments, we evaluate the operation of the proposed recommendation system.

Recommender system is the system which, by using automated information filtering technology, recommends products or services to the customers who are likely to be interested in. Those systems are widely used in many different Web retailers such as Amazon.com, Netfix.com, and CDNow.com. Various recommender systems have been developed. Among them, Collaborative Filtering (CF) has been known as the most successful and commonly used approach. CF identifies customers whose tastes are similar to those of a given customer, and recommends items those customers have liked in the past. Numerous CF algorithms have been developed to increase the performance of recommender systems. However, the relative performances of CF algorithms are known to be domain and data dependent. It is very time-consuming and expensive to implement and launce a CF recommender system, and also the system unsuited for the given domain provides customers with poor quality recommendations that make them easily annoyed. Therefore, predicting in advance whether the performance of CF recommender system is acceptable or not is practically important and needed. In this study, we propose a decision making guideline which helps decide whether CF is adoptable for a given application with certain transaction data characteristics. Several previous studies reported that sparsity, gray sheep, cold-start, coverage, and serendipity could affect the performance of CF, but the theoretical and empirical justification of such factors is lacking. Recently there are many studies paying attention to Social Network Analysis (SNA) as a method to analyze social relationships among people. SNA is a method to measure and visualize the linkage structure and status focusing on interaction among objects within communication group. CF analyzes the similarity among previous ratings or purchases of each customer, finds the relationships among the customers who have similarities, and then uses the relationships for recommendations. Thus CF can be modeled as a social network in which customers are nodes and purchase relationships between customers are links. Under the assumption that SNA could facilitate an exploration of the topological properties of the network structure that are implicit in transaction data for CF recommendations, we focus on density, clustering coefficient, and centralization which are ones of the most commonly used measures to capture topological properties of the social network structure. While network density, expressed as a proportion of the maximum possible number of links, captures the density of the whole network, the clustering coefficient captures the degree to which the overall network contains localized pockets of dense connectivity. Centralization reflects the extent to which connections are concentrated in a small number of nodes rather than distributed equally among all nodes. We explore how these SNA measures affect the performance of CF performance and how they interact to each other. Our experiments used sales transaction data from H department store, one of the well?known department stores in Korea. Total 396 data set were sampled to construct various types of social networks. The dependant variable measuring process consists of three steps; analysis of customer similarities, construction of a social network, and analysis of social network patterns. We used UCINET 6.0 for SNA. The experiments conducted the 3-way ANOVA which employs three SNA measures as dependant variables, and the recommendation accuracy measured by F1-measure as an independent variable. The experiments report that 1) each of three SNA measures affects the recommendation accuracy, 2) the density's effect to the performance overrides those of clustering coefficient and centralization (i.e., CF adoption is not a good decision if the density is low), and 3) however though the density is low, the performance of CF is comparatively good when the clustering coefficient is low. We expect that these experiment results help firms decide whether CF recommender system is adoptable for their business domain with certain transaction data characteristics.

Recommender systems (RSs) have become pillars of personalization in contemporary retail that is improving customer experience and business value. With the help of sophisticated algorithms, retailers will be able to offer personalized product recommendations taking into account the personal preferences of consumers and thus minimizing the information overload and making decisions more easily. Most recommender systems are based on two major approaches, which are Collaborative Filtering (CF) and Content-Based Filtering (CBF). Unlike CBF which pays attention to item attributes and individual interactions of a user to create an item, CF examines user behaviors and preferences of a population to determine the relevant items. The hybrid models unify these two methods in an attempt to ease their disadvantages, which include cold-start, sparsity, and lack of diversity. In addition to the development of algorithms, combination of deep learning and diversification methods has also contributed to the relevance, novelty, and adaptability of recommendations. This review explores the application of recommender system in retail with an overview of the principles of CF and CBF, their contribution to customer engagement, and the latest trends in hybrid and AI-driven recommendation systems. This paper synthesizes the main body of research to show the potential transformational nature of personalized recommendations in maximizing customer satisfaction, loyalty, and revenue generation and outlining the challenges and future research opportunities to further enhance the use of personalized recommendations in retail.

The popularity of movies has increased in recent years. There are thousands of films produced each year. These films make it challenging for movie lovers to pick the ideal film to see. We propose a recommendation system that strives to offer guidance in selecting films. Depending on the method employed, recommendation systems can be categorized into three groups: collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, and hybrid filtering. In this work, collaborative filtering, one of the methods frequently used in recommendation systems was used. There are two ways to the Collaborative Filtering approach: User-Based Collaborative Filtering (UBCF) and Item-Based Collaborative Filtering (IBCF). There are two methods for finding similar items or users: Cosine and Pearson similarities. The Cosine similarity approach is one way to determine how similar two items are. Additionally, the Pearson Correlation Coefficient approach, which determines similarities between objects by calculating linear correlations between two sets, is the most widely employed. This study aims to determine which system produces the highest item similarity in IBCF and predicted ratings to actual ratings using 90% training and 10% testing data. The data set taken from MovieLens.org consists of 943 users from 1664 movies with 99392 ratings. The MovieLens data collection will be analyzed with the RStudio and the R package recommenderlab. The results reveal that the IBCF with Cosine similarities shows the number of items recommended n top-rated movies to each user for 10 movies. The IBCF can identify the most recommended films and creates a frequency distribution of items.

Agenda 2030 of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9 and 11 recognizes tourism as one of the central industries to global development to tackle global challenges. With the transformation of information and communication technologies (ICT), e-tourism has evolved globally to establish commercial relationships using the Internet for offering tourism-related products, including giving personalised suggestions. The contextual suggestion has emerged as a modified recommendation system that is integrated with information-retrieval techniques within large databases to provide tourists with a list of suggestions based on contexts, such as location, time of day, or day of the week (weekdays or weekends). This study surveyed literature in the field of contextual suggestion and recommendation systems with a focus on e-tourism. The concerns linked with approaches used in contextual suggestion and recommendation systems are highlighted in this systematic review, while motivations, recommendations, and practical implications in e-tourism are also discussed in this paper. A query search using the keywords “contextual suggestion system”, “recommendation system”, and “tourism” identified 143 relevant articles published from 2012 to 2020. Four major repositories are considered for searching, namely, (i) Science Direct, (ii) Scopus, (iii) IEEE, and (iv) Web of Science. This review was carried out under the protocols of four phases, namely, (i) query searching in major article repositories, (ii) removal of duplicates, (iii) scan of title and abstract, and (iv) complete reading of articles. To identify the gaps in current research, a taxonomy analysis was exemplified into categories and subcategories. The main categories were highlighted as (i) review articles, (ii) model/framework, and (iii) applications. Critical analysis was carried out on the basis of the available literature on the limitations of approaches used in contextual suggestion and recommendation systems. In conclusion, the approaches used are mainly based on content-based filtering, collaborative filtering, preference-based product ranking, and language modelling. The evaluation measures for the contextual suggestion system include precision, normalized discounted cumulative, and mean reciprocal rank, while test collections comprise Internet resources. Given that the tourism industry contributed to the environmental and social-economic development, contextual suggestion and recommendation systems have presented themselves to be relevant in integrating and achieving SDG 9 and SDG 11 in many ways such as web-based e-services by the government sector and smart gadgets based on reliable and real-time data and information for city planners as well as law enforcement personnel in a sustainable city.

Each and every day, a lot of courses are published online by various mentors to help the interested people learn online. But the students who are interested may find it difficult to associate themselves with appropriate course they want as there are so many courses available, even under just a single topic. To help select the best courses for the respective candidate, here a course recommendation system is designed with the concept of hybrid recommender system. Recommendation systems such Content-Based filtering and Collaborative filtering have their own advantages and disadvantages. So, to compensate the shot comes of the respective filtering models, both the models are combined to realize a hybrid recommender system for the Course Recommendation in the Social Learning network. Here, the content-based filtering uses Lasso algorithm and collaborative filtering uses KNN algorithm, and to combine the result obtained by both the filtering methods, weighted average method is used to gain the result as a hybrid result from both the filtering models. This will prove to perform very well with great efficiency for the Course Recommendation in Social Learning Network.

The success of current e-commerce relies on exact and varied recommendations which understand user context to enhance both user satisfaction and engagement levels. This research creates a deep learning-enhanced hybrid recommender system (DL-EHRS), which represents a deep learning-enhanced combination of recommendation systems specifically designed to operate in dynamic e-commerce environments. The proposed model connects Neural Collaborative Filtering (NCF) to Collaborative Filtering (CF) while using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) together with Content-Based Filtering (CBF) to tackle existing recommendation system shortcomings. The performance benchmark of the DL-EHRS resulted in superior results than baseline models during all evaluation assessments. The recommendations produced through this system achieved high-quality performance at 98.1% accuracy, along with 97.9% precision and 97.8% recall and 97.9% F1-score. The proposed algorithm showed better processing speed than CF, CBF, and NCF because it completed operations in 0.9 seconds on average while readying real-time applications. The fast and stable training process of the model with minimum residual error proved its learning efficiency and ability to generalise through error convergence analysis. The proposed system meets user needs through a combination of latent factor learning techniques, content similarity analysis, along temporal context examination in its recommendation process. The integrated framework shows broad compatibility in online shopping environments because it produces precise predictions and deals with sparse data while generating better interfaces for users.

Purpose – Project ATHENA aims to develop an application to address information overload, primarily focused on Recommendation Systems (RSs) with the personalization and user experience design of a modern system. Method – Two machine learning (ML) algorithms were used: (1) TF-IDF for Content-based filtering (CBF); (2) Classification with Matrix Factorization- Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) applied with Collaborative filtering (CF) and mean (normalization) for prediction accuracy of the CF. Data sampling in academic Research and Development (R&D) of Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic, and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) e-Library and Project SARAI publications plus simulated data used as training sets to generate a recommendation of items that uses the three RS filtering (CF, CBF, and personalized version of item recommendations). Series of Testing and TAM performed and discussed. Results – Findings allow users to engage in online information and quickly evaluate retrieved items produced by the application. Compatibility-testing (CoT) shows the application is compatible with all major browsers and mobile-friendly. Performance-testing (PT) recommended v-parameter specs and TAM evaluations results indicate strongly associated with overall positive feedback, thoroughly enough to address the information-overload problem as the core of the paper. Conclusion – A modular architecture presented addressing the information overload, primarily focused on RSs with the personalization and design of modern systems. Developers utilized Two ML algorithms and prototyped a simplified version of the architecture. Series of testing (CoT and PT) and evaluations with TAM were performed and discussed. Project ATHENA added a UX feature design of a modern system. Recommendations – High-end hardware specs of v-Parameter are recommended, at least 8-cores of vCPU with 16GiB of memory and sufficient driver-type size to run the model and End-to-end jobs execution for continuously maintaining the application. Research Implications – Future Developers must use/integrate a large dataset. Other ML approaches can expand Hybrid-RS better. Implicit data and additional filtering methods may enhance the application in the future.

A Personalized Recommender System from Probabilistic Relational Model and Users’ Preferences

As we are familiar with the increasing number and demand for online videos on the internet has led to difficulty in the extraction of required data. The recommendation system is used to filter or to collect information according to the user's preference. Nowadays, the use of recommendation systems has become important so that we can find more relevant data from huge sources. Based on the attributes such as genres, we can recommend important videos to different users. There are different video recommendation problems such as cold start, data sparsity, etc. Here in this paper, we are solving the data sparsity problem which is considered as the biggest problem as it can give poor results. There are different recommendation techniques that are used to solve various recommendation problems such as content-based filtering, real-time recommendation system, hybrid recommender system, single network-based recommendation system, collaborative filtering. We are using a single-network recommendation system to enhance the quality of recommendation.

A recommender system is a software that can suggest users through prediction based on their previous data usage in the shortest amount of time. Present recommender systems are designed using complex techniques like collaborative filtering, content-based filtering etc. but a similar system can be built by applying complex queries using different query tools. Performance of these query tools depends upon various factors like data size, file formats of the dataset, aggregate search etc. In this paper, we compare four query tools like Hive, Impala, SparkSQL and MySQL to design a fast and an efficient recommender system. Analysis of these tools is done by comparing the execution time of complex queries on data stored in different file formats like text, CSV, AVRO, PARQUET, RC and ORC. The results obtained indicate that a fast recommender system can be built using a query tool like Impala on a dataset saved in AVRO file format.

Recommender systems help users find relevant items efficiently based on their interests and historical interactions. They can also be beneficial to businesses by promoting the sale of products. Recommender systems can be modelled by applying different approaches, including collaborative filtering (CF), demographic filtering (DF), content-based filtering (CBF) and knowledge-based filtering (KBF). However, large amounts of data can produce recommendations that are limited in accuracy because of diversity and sparsity issues. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid approach that combines user-user CF with the attributes of DF to indicate the nearest users, and compare the Random Forest classifier against the kNN classifier, developed through an investigation of ways to reduce the errors in rating predictions based on users past interactions. Our combined method leads to improved prediction accuracy in two different classification algorithms. The main goal of this paper is to identify the impact of DF on CF and compare the two classifiers. We apply a feature combination hybrid method that can improve prediction accuracy and achieve lower mean absolute error values compared with the results of CF or DF alone. To test our approach, we ran an offline evaluation using the 1 M MovieLens data set.

Evaluation Of Recommendation System On A Movie Dataset