Improving TMA sequencing process: Innovative integration of AMAN constraints in controllers environment

Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) can help inform patient management, coordinate care, and identify drug safety risks, abuse, or diversion. However, many clinicians are not registered to use these systems, and use may be suboptimal. We sought to describe outreach efforts in 1 state (Oregon); quantify uptake of system use; identify barriers; and identify potential system improvements. Program reports of outreach efforts and operational metrics provided rates of registration and use. A statewide survey identified perceived barriers and potential improvements from users and nonusers of the system. Even with extensive registration efforts, <25% of clinicians and pharmacists acquired PDMP accounts over 2 years of operation. Rapid increases in registration and use in 2013 corresponded to new requirements among large pharmacy chains that pharmacists register for and use the PDMP. Among surveyed PDMP nonusers, nearly half were unaware that they could register. Among users and nonusers, over two thirds indicated that time constraints were a major barrier and over half thought that inability to delegate access was a major barrier. Desired improvements included linking state systems, faster entry of pharmacy data, and use of unique patient identifiers. Users also wanted better insurance coverage for mental health and addiction referrals. Increasing registration and use of PDMPs remains important. Clinician feedback indicates that program enhancements and health care system changes would facilitate using and responding to PDMP information. It appears premature to judge the efficacy of PDMPs until best practices for their use are identified and impacts are assessed.

In the past, we presented the design process of a visual tool aiming at enhancing the integration of an advanced AMAN (Arrival MANager) in an innovative working environment. This work was indeed the subject of a previous paper. In the context of ATC (Air Traffic Control) working position conception, several options of design have already been explored. Meeting different types of needs, such as providing means to input data efficiently in the system, or means to get relevant information at the right time for a given context at an acceptable cognitive cost may be considered as limitations regarding the type of design. On the other hand, considering solutions that have been retained in other fields may be a source of inspiration for improvements. Sometimes, options that are familiar in a given context may require some efforts to be translated into another. This can be the case for example when considering metro maps style of design. Metro maps can rely on different principles (isometric grid or orthogonal method) but when they are well-designed; they are easy to understand and they enable to navigate with ease (which is their main purpose). Furthermore, their aesthetics play a good part in their comfort of use. Moreover, they are metaphors of a geographical reality that allows to display, with some level of abstraction, but in a quite accurate way, route topography in a constrained space. When considering the design of a new ATC tool that will regroup some information and functionalities that are currently dispatched between several devices, there are some analogies with the above concerns, notably when it comes to the representation of arrival routes and their relations with additional data such as the one linked to Aircraft position and their corresponding AMAN information. The idea is to present a way to apply some of the above principles to the conception of a working position dedicated to the sequencing and coordination task. The point that this paper wants to highlight is that the quality of the design has a direct influence on the way operators use the tools. This can be especially true in the case of critical systems. Furthermore, this is also true when considering the acceptance and the successful operational deployment of innovative functions for which incentive plays an important role. In the first part, the paper will present the sequencing task from an ATCO's (Air Traffic Controller) perspective and present the main features of the supporting tools, notably the AMAN, which is currently in use. It will then highlight some of the current limitations and blocking points. In the second part, the paper will present the user centred design process methodology and the design principles that were applied to produce different design options, some of them having been developed in the form of prototypes, that will be described. In the last part, the paper will describe the definitive design option that lead to the development of a prototype called IODA (Innovative Operations for Departures and Arrivals) and will conclude with some early qualitative assessment results.

There is an emphasis on user participation in social work. The arguments derive from both a democratic and a consumerist approach, aiming on the one hand to equalize power between users and professionals, and on the other hand, for more efficient and legitimized services. However, research shows that there is a lack of knowledge about methods and conditions for realizing user participation in social services. In this exploratory study, grounded in participatory design, a set of four workshops took place, enabling young people, social workers and researchers to participate in the design process. The data were analysed with affinity analysis, a technique whereby the data are sorted with “I” labels, to stay close to the material. Also, written feedback and reflections from participants as well as oral feedback and reflections were generated, documented and integrated with the affinity analysis. The main findings concern how the participatory approach revealed tensions between the participants’ different perspectives on user participation, which in turn contributed to the shaping of a dynamic tool. The findings imply that the tool needed to be both “fair and square” to ensure equality for all young people, and dynamic and flexible to meet the uniqueness of each young person. Moreover, the tool needed to be both rich and contextualized to meet the need for information and participation throughout the transition process, and simple and accessible to meet the acute nature of many transitions as well as the overall time constraints within social work practice. The research process reached the level of contribution, with involvement in some but not all stages labelled as collaboration. The wide range of expertise involved in the design process provides a good basis for the tool to be able to address the need for increased user participation in social work practice.

The integration of information and communication technologies (ICTs) into education has provided opportunities for changes in teaching and learning by allowing greater flexibility, interactivity and accessibility. Hence, integration of ICTs into education demands acquisition of new competencies as well as changes in pedagogical beliefs. A case study was conducted to investigate the process of design and development of Internet-based study materials by a group of teacher educators, who were familiar with using, designing and developing text-based study materials, yet novices to web designing. Throughout this process, data were collected using multiple techniques such as observation of Web Study guides (WSGs), conducting in-depth interviews and obtaining reflective reports. This paper focuses on how these teacher educators faced ‘change', in the process of designing and developing web-based learning environments, as novice web-designers. The WSG development process was found to be a gradual adaptation to a new instructional mode by the participants, influenced by many factors such as previous instructional experiences, prior exposure to technology, skill levels, immersion in technology, time constraints, assessment focus and cultural practices, that in turn affected their ‘change' of concepts and understandings in the design process. The process indicated a change over time with respect to participants' skill development, attitude towards technology, instructional approaches and pedagogical beliefs. In a majority, more emphasis was placed on skill development over pedagogical content knowledge and design processes, indicating the difficulty of shifting from traditional instructivist approaches towards a more constructivist approach. However, the future expectations expressed by the participants indicated their conceptual changes that had occurred during this process. If educators are to be ‘agents of educational change', they need not only the technology to enhance their practices, but also the support and the time for them to adapt to technology. doi:10.4038/ouslj.v4i0.336 OUSL Journal (2007) Vol.4, (pp.17-32)

This paper intends to explore methods of constructing a design simulator. Two methodologies, approached differently, imitate the human design processes. The first component is an algorithmic method which has a cognitive model embedded. This cognitive model hypothesizes that human design has certain design logic applied. The design rationales are based on knowledge stored in a designer_ memory. Each time a similar design task is encountered, the same design procedures will be repeated for completion. What makes the results different are the design information used and sequences of processing it. A kitchen design using procedural algorithms is developed to simulate this design aspect. The second component simulates an intuitive design approach. Intuition is defined as design by rules of thumb, or heuristic design. This study investigated how to simulate an intuitive design process. The method involves building up a set of inductive rules symbolizing cultural aspects that need to be addressed in a design. A residential foyer design is the simulation task. The driving force is the heuristics. Results in this study have shown that there are many variables to include but impossible to capture and simulate any of the design processes, which are the reasons why studies in this area are difficult.

Using the concept of functions to help synthesise solutions provides many advantages over more intuitive approaches. By adopting the approach described, a broader solution field is generated, and designers are less likely to be constrained by existing solutions. The approach starts by defining the problem in a solution-neutral way, and this helps identify the overall function for the proposed product. From this starting point, a function structure is developed that consists of linked subfunctions representing the flows and conversions of energy, material and signals. Guidelines for handling the concept in practice are provided, along with examples. Using function structures assists the management of the design process, as subtasks are easily identified and assigned to individual team members. Planning time scales and milestones is also facilitated.

The underlying principles of colour forecasting now have a history spanning a full century. This issue of Textile Progress is somewhat timely as the challenges that industry face now differ from those of the twentieth century, in particular, the increased need to address sustainability and the increased competiveness of the global marketplace. This Textile Progress provides an overview of the historical context drawing out the importance of the role of colour forecasting in the fashion and textile industries. It provides a detailed analysis of the more-recently established and establishing trend forecasting methods with a view to thinking more innovatively about the potential of colour forecasting. It investigates the effects and impact of colour and trend forecasting with a particular focus on the consequences of the process and system on business, on consumers and on the environment. In reviewing the developments in colour forecasting, we begin with the subjective techniques highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches. The more-objective characteristics that have emerged from new developments and new thinking provide a focus on the potential for greater accuracy in colour forecasting. This issue of Textile Progress explains how and why colour forecasting is an essential component of the business of making and selling fashion garments, through merchandising, retailing and fashion marketing, as well as being important in fashion design and product development processes. Developments affecting the design of colour forecasting systems are shown to draw on marketing theory, though without much consideration for the human-business interface, specifically, colour preferences, colour psychology and cultural meanings of colour. The overall aim of this Textile Progress is to assist an understanding of the colour forecasting process and its contribution to the larger trend forecasting system, and to highlight the challenges the colour forecasting sector faces for a twenty-first century fashion-business strategy. Attention is paid to the colour forecasting process and forecasting as a system, including its application in the design process and skills acquisition. The more-recently established trend forecasting methods are critically analysed, as are previously unpublished contributions to knowledge through original sets of primary research data, and finally potential improvements are suggested.

The Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) is a European material testing reactor (MTR) under construction at the CEA Cadarache centre. It will be dedicated to material and fuel irradiation tests, as well as to the production of medical isotopes. Gamma and X-Ray benches will be implemented in the reactor pool (RER), the irradiated component storage pool (EPI) and in a shielded hot cell for measuring either the whole underwater test device still containing the experimental sample or just the experimental sample before its extraction in the hot cell. The CEA/Cadarache Nuclear Measurement Laboratory (LMN) has been working in collaboration with VTT (Technical Research Centre in Finland Ltd.) since 2008 under a Finnish in-kind contribution agreement. This agreement focuses on the development of NDE systems implementing gamma-ray spectroscopy and high-energy X-ray imaging of the sample and irradiation device with the highest definition possible (resolution of 100 μm). The CEA-VTT technical specifications led to a European call for tenders launched by VTT. The contract was awarded to the Spanish company IDOM for the design, manufacturing, assembly and commissioning of: - Underwater gamma and X-ray (UGXR) mechanical benches and their associated gamma and X-ray collimation systems for the RER and EPI pools - Hot cell gamma and X-ray (HGXR) bench in the JHR NDE hot cell. The Final Design Reviews (FDR) of the UGXR and HGXR systems were completed in 2016. The design phase has been an iterative process in order to manage interfacing specifications and constraints: - Challenging experimental requirements, mainly to cover the wide diversity of sample shapes, sample activity levels and measurement processes, but also to achieve a level of mechanical accuracy to reach the ambitious geometrical resolution target in X-ray imaging, - Environmental constraints (immersion, radiation, compactness, limited accessibility for maintenance), - Nuclear safety constraints (seism, radiation protection). The whole design process has produced a number of elaborate and innovative mechatronic systems, which is rather unusual in nuclear applications since the resulting solutions have benefited from IDOM’s technological expertise in designing and commissioning large telescopes for the astronomy sector. Once the manufacturing phase and assembly finalised, the site acceptance tests for the UGXR and HGXR mechanical systems will be performed in 2019-2020 in the TOTEM facility at the CEA Cadarache center. The underwater benches will be tested in the CESARINE pool to check their requirements.

Oracles, draughtsmen, and agents: the nature of knowledge and creativity in design and the role of IT

Audit and feedback (A&F), the summary and provision of clinical performance data, is a common quality improvement strategy. Successful design and implementation of A&F-or any quality improvement strategy-should incorporate evidence-informed best practices as well as context-specific end user input. We used A&F theory and user-centered design to inform the development of a web-based primary care A&F dashboard. We describe the design process and how it influenced the design of the dashboard. Our design process included 3 phases: prototype development based on A&F theory and input from clinical improvement leaders; workshop with family physician quality improvement leaders to develop personas (ie, fictional users that represent an archetype character representative of our key users) and application of those personas to design decisions; and user-centered interviews with family physicians to learn about the physician's reactions to the revised dashboard. The team applied A&F best practices to the dashboard prototype. Personas were used to identify target groups with challenges and behaviors as a tool for informed design decision-making. Our workshop produced 3 user personas, Dr Skeptic, Frazzled Physician, and Eager Implementer, representing common users based on the team's experience of A&F. Interviews were conducted to further validate findings from the persona workshop and found that (1) physicians were interested in how they compare with peers; however, if performance was above average, they were not motivated to improve even if gaps compared to other standards in their care remained; (2) burnout levels were high as physicians are trying to catch up on missed care during the pandemic and are therefore less motivated to act on the data; and (3) additional desired features included integration within the electronic medical record, and more up-to-date and accurate data. We found that carefully incorporating data from user interviews helped operationalize generic best practices for A&F to achieve an acceptable dashboard that could meet the needs and goals of physicians. We demonstrate such a design process in this paper. A&F dashboards should address physicians' data skepticism, present data in a way that spurs action, and support physicians to have the time and capacity to engage in quality improvement work; the steps we followed may help those responsible for quality improvement strategy implementation achieve these aims.

Industry faces a considerable challenge if it is to help achieve the sustainability targets of factor 10 reduction (i.e. a reduction of 90% of the environmental impact of human activities). One way to tackle this is to examine the hierarchy given by Stevels which illustrates that these improvements have to be made on four levels with each level increasing both environmental benefit and degree of innovation required in the design process. Ecodesign initially started by examining ways to clean up manufacturing processes to prevent both waste and pollution. Research and practice has moved towards the redesign of products that consider environmental requirements in the design process. The next stage of the hierarchy considers the benefits and mechanisms of replacing products with services. This paper presents collaborative industrial research that is exploring: whether using a service-oriented view increases the designer's ability to design products with a reduced environmental impact, how this change affects designers, and what this means for tools and techniques to support designers and design teams taking such an approach. The paper illustrates ways in which industry and designers can take a service-oriented view and the potential environmental improvements and benefits that can result.

Pyramidal absorbers used in anechoic chambers are one of the primary components in the measurement and performance assessment of antennas. To achieve absorbers with predefined specifications, optimum design and best material selection is an indispensable requirement. The proper material for fabricating an absorber has often been selected based on heuristic and intuitive approaches. Here, we introduce a process to find the most suitable electromagnetic material properties for achieving a target performance in an absorber with certain geometry. The method is based on using full-wave numerical simulations to obtain lines of equal absorption in the complex plane for material permittivity at certain frequency points. By locating the permittivity of available materials in the obtained plots, the best material to fabricate the absorber of interest is found. The example of 60-inch absorbers is taken into account, and the best carbon loading for fabricating such an absorber is gained through the developed process.

Applying urban parametric design optimisation processes to a hot climate: Case study of the UAE

An important consideration for sport practitioners is the design of training environments that facilitate skill learning. This study presented a method to determine individual (age, games played, height, mass, and position), environmental (activity type) and task (pressure and possession time) constraint interaction to evaluate player training behaviour. Skill actions (n = 7301) were recorded during training activities (n = 209) at a single professional Australian Football club and four measures of player behaviour were determined: disposal frequency, kick percentage, pressure, and possession time. K-means clustering assigned training activities into four groups, with regression trees used to determine the interaction between constraints and their influence on disposal frequency and type. For most regression trees, only the environmental constraint was included. This showed all players adapted similarly to the constraints of each training activity. In one exception, a critical value of 60 games experience was identified as an individual constraint which interacted with activity type one to influence disposal frequency. Practically, this individual constraint value could be used to guide training design by grouping players of similar experience together. This study is presented as a practical tool for sport practitioners, which considers constraint interaction, to evaluate player behaviour and inform training design.

This paper establishes a connection between reciprocal form and force diagrams and edge cable-supported membrane structures under isotropic stress. While various form-finding techniques exist for tensile membrane structures, reciprocal diagrams provide an intuitive graphical approach that is particularly effective during early design stages. The study introduces the foundational concepts of reciprocal diagrams, outlines their construction for membrane and cable elements, and explores their application to isotropically stressed membranes. The relationship between form and force diagrams is analyzed, highlighting the similarities between different graphical conventions. A method for three-dimensional form-finding is presented, starting with planar equilibrium informed by force densities and iteratively updating these densities to achieve isotropic stress. Several case studies are discussed, demonstrating the method’s capability to accurately calculate geometry and stress distributions compared to reference solutions. This work contributes to the field by offering a clear, visual approach to form-finding in membrane structures, combining graphical methods with computational techniques to simplify design and analysis processes.