In memory of Basil Selig Yamey, 1919–2020

In Memoriam: Lionel H. Opie, MD (1933-2020).

Introduction, Lucia Thesen (University of Cape Town, South Africa) and Ermien van Pletzen (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 1. 'Use your own worlds', Stella Clark 2. Literacies in transition, Bongi Bangeni (University of Cape Town, South Africa) and Rochelle Kapp (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 3. Intertextual analysis: a research tool for uncovering the writer's emerging meanings, Morgan Paxton 4. A body of reading: making 'visible' reading experiences, Ermien van Pletzen (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 5. Change as additive: harnessing students' multimodal semiotic resources, Arlene Archer (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 6. Word, image and authority in the lecture, Lucia Thesen (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 7. Identity, power and discourse: the socio-political self-representations of successful black students at UCT, Gideon Nomdo (University of Cape Town, South Africa) 8. The ESL context: an ethnographic study, Rochelle Kapp (University of Cape Town, South Africa) Bibliography Index.

Lionel Henry Opie

Initiation of prenatal genetic diagnosis of chromosomal anomalies in Cameroon

South Africa in recent years has continued to create significant excitement in R&D. This excitement is being supported by government, the National Research Fund (NRF), Department of Science and Technology (DST), industry and research organisations with strong collaboration and support from the European Union through its framework programs and the AU. This conference therefore is organised to further report and add impetus to the emerging collaborations and provide researchers the avenue for networking.
 
 In 2008 the International conference on wireless broadband and ultra wideband communication) is being hosted by South Africa with stronger and more broad emphasis. The current emphasis reflects the growing interest in new areas of broadband communications. In 2008 the conference is being co-organised by South Africa’s leading research organisations. The core theme of the conference has been expanded to include applications of broadband communications, broadband biomedical applications and biotechnology. 
 
 The conference is co-organised by the French South African Technical Institute in Electronics (F’SATIE); Tshwane University of Technology (TUT), South Africa; Meraka Institute, South Africa; University of Technology Sydney, Australia, University of Cape Town and the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT), Cape Town, South Africa and South African National Centre for Informatics, Knowledge Management and Knowledge Economy (SANCIKMKE).
 
 All papers submitted to this conference are always peer-reviewed. All accepted papers will be published in the IEEE Xplore digital library and the best papers from the conference will be published as a book of best papers by River Publishers of Denmark (as in 2007). Other short-listed papers will also be published in a special edition of the African Journal of Information and Communication Technology (AJICT).

Considering the work of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), the criticisms levelled against it, and the literary response it has evoked in terms of a struggle over definitions of trauma and recovery can help the debate over the perceived monocultural bias of trauma theory in its ‘classical’, mid-1990s formulation and the fraught relationship between such tendencies and the commitment to social justice on which the field prides itself. Insofar as the TRC mapped Euro-American concepts of trauma and recovery onto an apartheid-colonial situation, it was subject to the same problems and limitations faced by trauma theory—problems and limitations which post-apartheid literature has not been slow to confront. Sindiwe Magona’s truth-and-reconciliation novel Mother to Mother, for example, can be seen to supplement the work of the TRC by critically revisiting its limits, exclusions, and elisions—and thus also to suggest a possible way for ‘traditional’ trauma theory to reinvent and renew itself.

Queering Hip-Hop, Queering the City: Dope Saint Jude’s Transformative Politics

Cape Town, South Africa, 17 June 2011 - The Division of Human Genetics at the University of Cape Town (UCT) and the Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research (CPGR), Cape Town, South Africa, proudly announce that they will be joining the ‘Pharmacogenomics for Every Nation Initiative’ (PGENI). Jointly, the two parties will form a South African PGENI Centre of Competence for conducting translational research relevant to the local burden of disease and the most appropriate drugs for treating diseases in African populations.

The biennial Congress on Nitrogen Fixation aims to cover the whole range of biological N2 fixation research, from chemistry of the nitrogenase enzyme to the functioning of whole organisms and symbiotic systems. This year’s meeting brought together over 200 delegates from around the world. Over the last 10 yr the number of attendees has fallen, possibly owing to a growing number of specialist meetings, as well as regional conferences, that are more affordable for many people, especially students; however the smaller group at the 16th International Congress on Nitrogen Fixation (ICNF) allowed for more cross-disciplinary discussion and exchange of ideas than has often been the case. This report highlights just some of the talks and posters on legumes and their nitrogen-fixing symbionts. The latter include contributions on the important topics of model legumes and inoculant technology. ‘…after more than a century of research, we still have little idea of how rhizobia grow and metabolise in soil in the absence of their hosts.’ Many new nodulating bacteria have been described over the last 10 yr, most notably from the β as well as the α subgroups of the Proteobacteria (Sprent, 2009). Before this meeting, nine genomes of the classical α-rhizobia had been sequenced, and at the meeting two β-rhizobia, Cupriavidus taiwanensis (C. Boivin-Masson, INRA-CNRA, France) and Burkholderia tuberum (A. Hirsch, UCLA, CA, USA) were added. In addition, a new genus of nodulating α-rhizobia, yet to be named, in the family Methylobacterieaceae and nodulating Lotononis angolensis (and possibly also species from unrelated genera, such as Lupinus, Phaseolus and Indigofera) was described by J. Ardley, Murdoch University, Australia. The factors controlling use of different symbionts by legume hosts are complex. J. Ardley, M. Gerding, Murdoch University, Australia and F. Phallane, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa explored the host genotype, highlighting how some interactions are highly specific, while other are not. Another factor discussed was soil conditions and how low pH (J. Howieson, Murdoch University, Australia; P. Gyaneshwar, University of Wisconsin, USA; Garau et al., 2009) and low soil fertility (Garau et al., 2009), including N (Elliott et al., 2009) tend to favour nodulation by β-rhizobia. Despite our understanding of these factors, after more than a century of research, we still have little idea of how rhizobia grow and metabolise in soil in the absence of their hosts. It is now clear that β-rhizobia can nodulate a wide variety of legumes, from all three subfamilies (Sprent, 2009) and with both root hair (Mimosa spp. Cyclopia spp.; Elliott et al., 2007a,b) and nonhair infections (almost certainly true of Lotononis, inferred from nodule structure, which is similar to that of lupin; J. Ardley; Fig. 1). Comparison of the newly sequenced β-rhizobia with other sequences from both nodulating and related nonnodulating bacteria will help greatly in understanding the processes of infection and the constraints on nodulation in some harsh environments. The methods by which the host plant keeps its symbionts under control featured in a number of presentations. W. Broughton (LBMPS, University of Geneva, Switzerland) discussed how symbionts have adapted pathogenic strategies in terms of rhizobial secretion systems and P. Mergaert (CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France) suggested that nodules in which the nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are terminally differentiated (i.e. have lost the ability to reproduce, as in peas, clovers and relatives) allow the plant to have greater control than in those where the bacteroids are not so differentiated (for example in soybeans, Vigna spp.). R. Oona & R. Denison (University of Minnesota, USA) put another slant on this by suggesting that the terminally differentiated bacteroids, which are also enlarged, fix more nitrogen per unit of bacterial mass than those that are not enlarged. All of this begs the question as to why legume nodules with bacteroids not terminally differentiated are so successful. Another way of separating symbiotic and pathogenic strategies was suggested by R. Guerts (University of Wageningen, The Netherlands) who noted that gene duplication about 60 Ma allowed legumes to separate these two processes. Nodules on Lotononis bainesii, which form a collar around the subtending root. Photo courtesy of Ron Yates (Murdoch University, Australia). Harsh environments were discussed by J. Sprent (University of Dundee at SCRI, Scotland), who pointed out that nodulated legumes are now thought to have evolved in seasonally dry environments (Schrire et al., 2005) from where they spread (and are still spreading) into arid areas; therefore, it is not surprising that there are many legumes that are capable of growing and nodulating in conditions not normally regarded as favourable by agronomists. Some of these are now being targeted for use in the expanding areas of dry land, such as the wheat belts of Australia. J. Howieson (Murdoch University, Australia) explained how this is leading to a major change in the approach to use of nodulated legumes in Australian agriculture, from one based largely on annual species such as subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) to one where the advantages of perennial growth (in particular woody rootstocks that can resprout after adverse conditions (Fig. 2), and can remain green in the dry season are exploited. Coincidentally, this search for new pasture species has highlighted the value of nodule morphology and/or endophyte composition as tools in legume taxonomy. Two examples were given in this meeting. First, the genus Lebeckia, in which F. Phallane (Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa) found that trifoliate species nodulated with various α-rhizobia (Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Sinorhizobium), but species with needle-like leaves nodulated with rhizobia related to Burkholderia. During the course of the 16th ICNF a paper by Boatwright et al. (2009) was published in which the old genus Calobota was restored for species with trifoliate leaves with Lebeckia being retained for those with needle-like leaves. Second, J. Ardley (Murdoch University, Australia) pointed out that Lotononis species from section Listia have collar nodules like those of lupin (Fig. 1), whereas other members of the genus have indeterminate nodules; they also nodulate with different bacteria. Legume nodule morphology is a generic character in all other cases known. The taxonomy of genus Lotononis is in urgent need of revision and is likely to be separated into two or more genera, one of which will be section Listia, thus removing this apparent anomaly (B.-E. van Wyk, pers. comm.). Woody root on a species of Lebeckia ambigua. Photo courtesy of John Howieson (Murdoch University, Australia). The previous meeting in Cape Town, in 2007 aimed to highlight the possibilities for nitrogen fixation to alleviate poverty. The 16th ICNF had many contributions that described a series of legumes with great potential for improvement for food, forage and other uses. Forage legumes being developed for Australia have already been mentioned, and J. Howieson (Murdoch University, Australia) gave a clear account of the many aspects of taking a native plant and developing it into an agriculturally usable (and marketable) product (see also Howieson et al., 2008). F. Dakora (Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, S. Africa) and his colleagues in several contributions, championed the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as a multipurpose crop, pointing out the need for better plant and rhizobial germplasm and the interesting possibility that the crop could be developed as a source of micronutrients for humans. Traditional crops such as gum arabic, an important food additive, obtained from largely wild provenances of Acacia senegal are now being developed, using molecular markers, to give larger and more reliable yields and hence better incomes for poor farmers in very dry areas of subSaharan Africa (D. Odee, Kenyan Forestry Research Institute). Legume teas (rooibos, Aspalathus linearis and honeybush, Cyclopia spp.), being caffeine-free are widely sought. F. Dakora also noted they also grow on poor soils, with very low nutrient content and are being further developed in S. Africa. One of the nutrients that frequently limits nitrogen fixation in legumes is phosphorus (P). J.-J. Drevon (INRA-Supagro, France). showed that in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), a staple food in large parts of South America and Africa, there are possibilities for using germplasm with improved phosphorus P use efficiency and P. Maistry, University of Cape Town, South Africa, showed that legume species differ greatly in this respect, some being very efficient at using P. In addition to the direct benefits from nitrogen fixation, legumes have long been known to have a longer-term effect on soils, via such means as reduction of pathogen load. Highly relevant to modern worries about greenhouse gases, B. Boddey (EMBRAPA Agrobiology, Brazil) showed that legumes can have a very positive effect, not only by reducing emission of nitrous oxide from excess fertilizer nitrogen, but also by sequestering carbon in soils. The overall benefit of nitrogen fixation by legumes was quantified by M. Peoples (CSIRO, Canberra, Australia), who, as in many other talks, stressed the importance of good root systems. M. Peoples also participated in a discussion workshop on the applied aspects of nitrogen fixation and in particular how to measure it at the field scale. This workshop was greatly appreciated by younger researchers from developing countries. For research on nitrogen fixation by legumes to fulfil the important aims of feeding people in developing countries and using land sustainably, a spectrum of expertise from the molecular to field studies is necessary. Such a cross-disciplinary approach emerged from this conference and it is anticipated that the next meeting, to be held in Western Australia in 2011 will capitalize on this. The author would like to thank Stephen Boatwright (Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, Cape Town, South Africa) for sending her an advance copy of his paper on Lebeckia taxonomy, Ron Yates and John Howieson (Murdoch University, Australia) for the figures and the Royal Society of Edinburgh for financial assistance. The author would also like to apologize to all those who gave fascinating accounts of their work at the meeting, but for which there is no space here to discuss.

Directing O'Neill: <i>Mourning Becomes Electra, Long Day's Journey Into Night, Desire Under the Elms, Days Without End</i>

A brief overview of South Africa's higher education history contextualizes this article's examination of how admissions policies and procedures at the University of Cape Town (UCT), an historically White South African university, have been affected by increasing enrollments of Black students since the passage of the 1983 Universities Amendment Act. This is followed by an institutional profile that delineates the specific changes in admissions policies and procedures related to Black students at UCT from 1983 to 1995. Data are presented by race and gender. The article concludes with a critical analysis of UCT's academic development programs and alternative admissions criteria. INTRODUCTION The origins of higher education in South Africa date back to 1829 and the establishment of the University of the Cape of Good Hope-the present-day University of Cape Town (UCT)-and the University of Stellenbosch, founded in 1874. These early institutions of higher learning were established primarily to prepare White males for further educational training abroad. They were modeled after British institutions; their students were White, and their academic staff came primarily from Britain and other European countries. It was not until early in the 20th century, with the passage of the University Act of 1916, that provisions were made for the establishment of the first university for non-White South Africans. That legislation established the South African Native College, now known as the University of Fort Hare, and the University of South Africa, a correspondence university for the nation's Blacks, or its African, Colored, and Indian/ Asian populations. As this article makes plain, the history of South African higher education is intricately bound to and influenced by political developments. Upon assuming leadership in 1948 until the 1994 democratic elections, the National Party (NP) government of the nation's White minority played a decisive role in the development of higher education. With its doctrine of apartheid, the NP introduced the plethora of legislation that systematically entrenched racial segregation at all levels of society, including the educational system. Within five years of taking power, the NP government passed the Bantu Education Act of 1953, which created separate systems of education for Africans, Coloreds, Indians/ Asians, and Whites. This Act was followed by the Universities Amendment Act of 1959 that prohibited the admission of Blacks to historically White universities and established separate universities for Blacks along racial/ethnic lines. Subsequently, between 1951 and 1968, six South African colleges became full-fledged, independent universities serving Whites only: the University of the Witwatersrand (1922), the University of Pretoria (1930), Natal University (1949), the University of the Orange Free State (1950), Rhodes University (1951), and Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education (1951). Two new Whites-only universities were founded during this period: the University of Port Elizabeth in 1965 and Rand Afrikaans University in 1968 (Muller, 1991). Institutional development in South African higher education also reflected the cultural and linguistic duality of the South African settler population. The Afrikaans-language universities of Stellenbosch, Pretoria, Orange Free State, Potchefstroom, and Rand Afrikaans-became the nucleus of Afrikaner (Dutch Boer) nationalism and cultural consciousness (Booysen, 1989; Gwala, 1988; Marcum, 1982). The English-language universitiesCape Town, Witwatersrand, Rhodes, and Natal-have historically been perceived as politically liberal in the South African context for their strong commitment to the ideals of academic freedom and interracial and interethnic relations (Taylor, 1990; Vale, 1987). The Extension of Universities Act, passed in 1959, set forth provisions for ethnically based institutions of higher learning designed to serve South Africa's African, Colored, and Indian/Asian populations. …

The article is a review of the book Another Country. Everyday Social Restitution by Charlene Schwartz (Cape Town; 2016). The author believes that the history of South Africa is complex and contradictory, and the problem of equality, justice and regulation of race relations is actual under overcoming the apartheid - when passions ran high, and black South Africans want to put an end to the shameful past, when their human dignity was violated, their children did not have a decent future, because they could not get education and profession, and the cherished dream of the black child was to become white. Schwartz shows that the life of the black majority has improved in both financial and educational terms, and all changes were enshrined in law; however, in the psychological perspective, there is still a feeling of inferiority, which determines not only pain and shame, but also anger and aggression, especially among young people, and leads to calls for violence against the white minority. On the other hand, the white minority is stressed due to the transition from the privileged position to the outcasts, is often removed from prestigious jobs and elite residential areas, and the very survival of the white population often demands self-isolation. Several generations of Afrikaners consider South Africa their homeland and do not want to leave it despite all threats. Thus, the question is how to reconcile two opposing groups and ensure racial peace. This difficult situation is studied by Schwartz with trainings at the University of Cape Town - together with her students she searches for a decision urgently needed for survival and a civilized society.

This article examines the process of creating a collaborative art exhibition, ‘Dis Nag2 – The Cape's Hidden Roots in Slavery’ (23 September–10 October 1998) which took place at the Slave Lodge (then Cultural History Museum) in Cape Town, South Africa (now the site of a permanent exhibition on slavery, ‘Remembering Slavery’3), as a means through which seemingly separate and particularised histories may be shared and collectively owned across cultural groups, in moving towards a collective national identity for South Africans. The role of the exhibition space is examined as a means of shaping, through praxis, new histories in the present; as well as considering the major tensions and contradictions involved within such transformative processes, with a consideration of how such processes relate to current debates in museology. The study is derived in part from previous research4 examining materiality, shifts in perceptions of self-identities away from racialised constructs in the new South Africa, and focusing on artmaking as a medium for social agency, performance and shifting self-identities for historically disadvantaged artists in Cape Town, South Africa. 2‘It is night’ in Afrikaans. 3For a detailed outline of the process of constructing the permanent exhibition ‘Remembering Slavery’ at the Slave Lodge, which opened in May 2006, see A. Eichmann, ‘Representing Slavery in South Africa: A Critical Reading of the Exhibition “Remembering Slavery” at Iziko's Slave Lodge’ (BA Honours thesis, Faculty of Humanities. University of the Western Cape. 2006). 4N.J. Gibson, ‘Making Art to Make Identity: Shifting Perceptions of Self Amongst Historically Disadvantaged South African Artists’ (PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005).

African Journal of EcologyVolume 39, Issue 2 p. 226-228 Why do some African thorn trees (Acacia spp.) have a flat-top: a grazer–plant mutualism hypothesis? J. J. Midgley, J. J. Midgley Botany Department, University of Cape Town, P. Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorP. Mclean, P. Mclean Botany Department, University of Cape Town, P. Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorM. Botha, M. Botha Botany Department, University of Cape Town, P. Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorD. Balfour, D. Balfour KwaZulu Natal ConservationO Services, P. Bag Hluhluwe, KwaZulu-NatalSearch for more papers by this author J. J. Midgley, J. J. Midgley Botany Department, University of Cape Town, P. Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorP. Mclean, P. Mclean Botany Department, University of Cape Town, P. Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorM. Botha, M. Botha Botany Department, University of Cape Town, P. Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa.Search for more papers by this authorD. Balfour, D. Balfour KwaZulu Natal ConservationO Services, P. Bag Hluhluwe, KwaZulu-NatalSearch for more papers by this author First published: 31 July 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0141-6707.2000.00291.xCitations: 4 J. J. Midgley, Botany Department, University of Cape Town, P. Bag Rondebosch, 7701 South Africa. E-mail: [email protected] Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume39, Issue2June 2001Pages 226-228 RelatedInformation

This article is an overview of African Studies at the University of Cape Town (UCT). Its main conclusion is that the University has so far failed to put the issue of African Studies high on its agenda. This is by no means a detailed account of the evolution of the concept of African Studies at UCT, but rather an overview that is meant to stimulate debate and discussion as UCT commemorates a centenary of African Studies. The article shows how UCT dealt with the notion of African Studies. In the period leading to the introduction of apartheid in South Africa UCT saw its role as providing resources to those tasked with the formulation and implementation of a “Native policy”. With the advent of apartheid, African Studies focused internally on the study of Africa and its people. This provides the backdrop to the debates of the late 1990s involving Mahmood Mamdani, which centred on the teaching of Africa in an African university. I wrap up this article by sounding a clarion call for UCT to put African Studies high on its agenda if it is serious in fulfilling its mission of making UCT a truly African university.