In-situ Raman scattering spectroscopy for super resolution optical disk

The development of rapid and non-destructive monitoring methods for Cu2+ concentration in copper refining electrolyte is of great significance for improving product quality and pollution control in the copper smelting industry. However, the spectral behavior of high-concentration Cu2+ in electrolytes and the presence of multiple impurities pose major hindrances to the development of such technologies. Herein, a novel spectroscopic measurement system is proposed: by integrating visible-shortwave near-infrared (Vis-SWNIR) absorption spectroscopy with chemometric calibration models, it can achieve clean, rapid, accurate, and cost-effective quantification of high-concentration Cu2+. Combined UV-Vis-SWNIR spectroscopy and chemometric analyses revealed that among electrolyte impurities, only Ni2+ affects the Vis-SWNIR region spectral analysis of Cu2+, with both high-concentration Cu2+ and Ni2+ exhibiting strong linear concentration-absorbance relationships. A spectral dataset (n = 600) was established using the system, incorporating Cu2+ and screened impurities at concentrations simulating real electrolytes. Four calibration models (CNN, MLR, PLS, and SVR) were trained, with the optimized model achieving a relative error of 1.1% for simulated samples. A comparative analysis revealed that the developed system (with an instrument cost of only ∼700 $ USD) not only outperforms conventional Cu2+ monitoring methods in accuracy, but also offers advantages of rapid monitoring, low analytical cost, and pollution-free operation. The proposed spectroscopic measurement system not only has potential applications in cleaner and more efficient copper refining processes, but also provides a promising solution for real-time, non-destructive monitoring of high-concentration, impurity-rich complex liquids.

In an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement system, it needs to calculate the amplitude ratio between the reference signal and measured signal, which reqiures a divider. In this work, a chip, which cosists of peak detectors, a divider and other signal processing circuits, was proposed for the EIS measurement system. This chip is capable of obtaining the amplitude ratio of reference to measured signals. The chip was fabricated by using a 0.35μm CMOS/MEMS 2P4M mixed-signal polycide process, and the frequency of the input frequency can range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz.

Fabrication of Langmuir–Blodgett thin film for organic vapor detection using a novel N,N′-dicyclohexyl-3,4:9,10-perylenebis (dicarboximide)

Spectroscopy at midand far-infrared wavelengths is important for environmental sensing (trace analysis, pollutants), medical diagnostics (blood analysis, breath control), and is a promising candidate for future high-security applications (airport security, identification of hazardous chemicals).1 Sensing chemical components in gases and liquids requires powerful coherent light sources with narrow spectral bandwidth and small divergence.2, 3 In the past decade, this demand has promoted quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), which enhance the performance and shrink down the dimensions of today’s midand farinfrared sensor systems.4 In contrast to conventional semiconductor lasers, QCLs can be designed to hit the target wavelength of a spectroscopic application. The coupling of semiconductor lasers results in an increased output power,5 stable single-mode operation, and wavelength tunability.6, 7 When integrated in a spectroscopic measurement system, monolithic coupling schemes can maximize the sensitivity, selectivity, and applicability of the sensor. However, a homogeneous laser beam is essential to avoid complicated optics and high losses of light. Therefore, the light inside the laser cavity has to be understood and controlled. Figure 1 shows a sketch of a Y-coupled QCL with corresponding dimensions. Two laser waveguides (branches) spaced by 60μm merge into a single trunk towards a single facet. The Yshaped QCLs have a waveguide width of 10μm and imply a bending radius of 8.3mm. The lasers were fabricated from a gallium arsenide/aluminum gallium arsenide heterostructure by lithography, etching, sputtering, and evaporation techniques.8 The devices were operated with 100ns current pulses at 78K. Their emission wavelength peaks at 10.5μm. To analyze the output beams on both sides of the laser, both the single and double facets were imaged with a midinfrared micro-bolometer camera. The image of the single facet Figure 1. Sketch of the Y-shaped quantum cascade laser (QCL) with corresponding dimensions. Near-field images illustrate the intensity distributions emitted from (left) the single facet and (right) the double facet.

Metal-doped Ni–Zn ferrite with spinel structure was directly synthesized from treated zinc-containing electric arc furnace dust (Zn-containing EAFD) by solid state reaction method, realizing the transformation of Zn-containing EAFD from solid waste to high value-added material. A certain mass of NiCl2·6H2O was added to the treated Zn-containing EAFD before calcination. Then the effects of the mass ratio of treated Zn-containing EAFD to NiCl2·6H2O (RTZE/N, g g−1) and calcination temperature on the synthesis and magnetic properties of as-synthesized samples were systematically investigated by X-ray Diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy and Physical Property Measurement System. It is indicated that RTZE/N and calcination temperature had important influences on the synthesis of single-phase spinel ferrite and their magnetic properties. Pure metal-doped Ni–Zn ferrite, which exhibited good magnetic properties of higher saturation magnetization (Ms, 60.5 emu g−1) and lower coercivity (Hc, 49.8 Oe), was obtained when the calcination temperature was controlled at 1100 °C for 2 h with RTZE/N of 1:0.9.

Efficient removal of heavy metal ions by thiol-functionalized superparamagnetic carbon nanotubes

The influence of magnetic particle incorporation on bisphenol A removal by β-cyclodextrin-derived sorbent

In this work, thermal diffusion phenomenon of Ti into amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (α-IGZO) was carefully investigated with secondary ion mass spectroscopy, I-V, and Rs measurement systems and HSC chemistry simulation tool. According to the experimental and simulated results, the diffused Ti atoms were easily oxidized due to its lowest oxidation free energy. Since oxygen atoms were decomposed from the α-IGZO during the oxidation of Ti, the number of oxygen vacancies working as electron-donating sites in α-IGZO was dramatically increased, contributing to the decrease of resistivity (ρ) from 1.96 Ω cm (as-deposited α-IGZO) to 1.33 × 10−3 Ω cm (350 °C annealed α-IGZO).

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheet films were successfully grown onto NiO seed-coated glass substrates at different annealing temperatures for humidity sensing applications. NiO seed layers and NiO nanosheet films were prepared using a sol-gel spin coating and sonicated sol-gel immersion techniques, respectively. The properties of NiO nanosheet films at as-deposited, 300 ℃, and 500 ℃-annealed were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and humidity sensor measurement system. The XRD patterns demonstrate that the grown NiO films have crystalline cubic structures at temperature of 300 ℃ and 500 ℃. The FESEM images show that the large porous nanosheet network spread over the layers as the annealing temperature increased. The UV-vis spectra revealed that all the nanosheet films have the average transmittance below than 50% in the visible region, with absorption edges ~ 350 nm. The optical band gap energy was evaluated in ranges of 3.39 to 3.61 eV. From the obtained humidity sensing results, it shows that 500 ℃-annealed film exhibited the best sensitivity of 257, as well as the slowest response time, and the fastest recovery time compared with others.

Surface modification is necessary to decrease graphene's (GN) stacking process and increase its advantageous properties. In this study, the effects of acid treatment and grinding processes on the structural integrity of GN have been studied. Morphological and structural characteristics of modified GN were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, gas Pycnometer, particle size analyzer, X-ray diffractometer, UV-Vis spectroscopy and thermal conductivity measurement system which expose some strong evidences of the effects of purification and grinding process on GN nanoparticles in order to get GN based better nanofluid dispersed in water which gives 1.66% and 3.38% enhancement of thermal conductivity at 20 °C and at 40 °C respectively compared to that of DW in this experiment.

Inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials have gained significant attention because of their salient properties. However, they possess some significant drawbacks, including high production costs, high heat loss, and fragility. Recently, Organic conducting polymers presented a promising platform as an alternative TE material because of their great mechanical flexibility, high stretchability, and environmental friendliness. In this work, we report for the first time on the TE properties of n-PEDOT:PSS film prepared using spray coating technique. The structural, optical and TE properties of the obtained n-PEDOT:PSS thin film was investigated using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and Seebeck coefficient measurement systems, respectively. The n-PEDOT:PSS layer showed excellent optical properties with a band gap ranges from 3.91 to 3.78. In addition, the Seebeck coefficient and power factor (PF) were obtained to be 1096.77 µVK-1 and 298.59 µWm-1K-2 respectively, making n-PEDOT:P PSS to be regarded as efficient TE material.

Stable ultrathin transparent conductive carbon nanotube (CNT) micropatterns were fabricated from photosensitive polymer diazoresin (DR) and carboxylic acid-modified CNT (COOH-CNT) using a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly technique. The CNT micropatterns were realized on LBL ultrathin film after UV exposure through a photomask and development in aqueous solution of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). The CNT patterns were characterized systemically with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy and four-point conductivity measurement system. All of the results indicate that the combined LBL self-assembly and photolithography technique is a promising method for constructing stable transparent conductive CNT micropatterns with nanoscale thickness.

The numerical calculation of the leakage field in a novel laser-power modulation direct overwrite medium has been carried out. The medium had four functional layers: initializing layer, biasing layer, thermal isolating layer and storage layer. The leakage field applied to the storage layer was changed by the laser power. The degree of leakage field change and overwritable domain width, where the direction of an effective field applied to the storage layer could be modulated, were obtained as the figures of merit for overwriting performance. Si-N and Zr-O films were chosen as the thermal isolating layer in order to change the thermal response in the storage layer and the biasing layer. It has been found that the medium with a Si-N thermal isolating layer is suitable for overwriting and that leakage field modulation over 120 Oe was available within a domain width of 0.7 µm.

This study is aimed to sophisticate the simultaneous measurement system of electrical and optical information of PD phenomena, i.e. PD current and PD light emission phenomena. Using this sophisticated system, we can discuss and clarify the breakdown mechanism as well as the discharge condition such as streamer and leader discharge in SF6 gas or new SF6 substitute, based on observation results. In this paper, we described the structure and significance of the time and spatial-resolved spectroscopic measurement system. Then, we showed the measurement concept of PD phenomena and the main results obtained from this system with an electrode system forming non-uniform electric field in SF6 gas under ac high voltage application.

This paper presents a bio-impedance spectroscopy device for capturing various physiological signals for wearable applications. The system consists of an analog front-end, ADC, and digital signal processing to accurately measure small bio-impedance in the range of 1–120 Ω from the upper arm with an RMSE of 0.07 Ω. The bio-impedance is measured for a wide frequency range, 4 kHz to 120 kHz, in only 150 ms to allow continuous monitoring of rapid physiological activity.