Increasing innovative activity at Ukrainian industrial enterprises through technology transfer

The article aims to determine current trends in financing the innovative activities of industrial enterprises of Ukraine using statistical methods and theoretical and methodological tools. The methodology of the research on the financing of innovation activities of industrial enterprises includes the use of several general scientific and special methods. In particular, when developing the source base of the researched issues, the authors used the method of unity of historical facts and logical conclusions. Concerning special methods, the authors were guided by observation, analysis and synthesis when conducting vertical and horizontal analysis of state and quality indicators of financing the innovative activities of industrial enterprises and changes in the number of such enterprises. Also, the comparison method was used to analyze the state of financing the innovative development of enterprises abroad and in Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify the main deterrents in the financing of innovative activities of industrial enterprises of Ukraine and provide recommendations, applying the experience of other countries. Over the last decade, Ukraine has suffered from several risks, both at the macro level and at the level of the real sector of the economy, which affected the level of innovation in the country. However, despite more negative than positive trends in innovation, industrial enterprises in Ukraine still focus on innovation. The issue of financing remains problematic, as it is more a concern of the industrial enterprises themselves. Therefore, the state should take care of the development of innovations and promote industrial enterprises by increasing funding. Conclusions. Thus, the conditions of financing of innovative activity of the enterprises of Ukraine are not stable, but they are also not critical. Considering the strengths in financing the innovations of the neighbouring countries, it is necessary to consider possible options for improving the innovation potential of industrial enterprises in Ukraine. However, the risks that may become an obstacle are worth considering. One of the most significant is still the risk of the country with an unstable macro-situation and many political and social problems. Key words: innovative activity, industrial enterprises, innovations, expenses, financing.

Modern industrial enterprises play a crucial role in providing the innovation process of the national economy. They are the suppliers of high-tech products that affect the economic growth of various sectors of the economy. Despite the fact that the issue of innovative activity intensification of modern enterprises is quite actively covered by scientists, the process of innovation adoption at industrial enterprises remains insufficiently studied. Therefore, there is a need to identify the main factors of innovation adoption at industrial enterprises of Ukraine. In addition, it is important to determine the role of different funding sources for stimulating innovation adoption. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the place of financial resources in the set of innovation adoption stimulating factors and to determine the optimal structure of funding sources for industrial enterprises innovation activity. The article examines the approaches of modern scientists to the interpretation the concept of "adopted innovation" essence. The place of the innovation adoption in the innovation process is determined: it is an intermediate link between the created R&D and the commercialized one. It is determined that the innovation implementation at an enterprise depends on such aspects as: human resources, market, novations, and finance. It is noted that these aspects generate internal and external factors affecting the innovation adoption. The importance of different funding sources for stimulating innovation adoption is substantiated. Based on the data for 2000–2019, a vector autoregression model (VAR) of the new machines and equipment adoption dynamics at industrial enterprises of Ukraine under the influence of various funding sources was built. With the help of VAR-model and situational analysis it is determined that in order to maximize the number of new machines and equipment adoption at the industrial enterprises of Ukraine in the funding structure of innovative activity the predominant share should be occupied by own resources of industrial enterprises and state budget funds.

In the context of increased market competition, SMEs continue to face market and consumption-induced problems related to the acquisition and maintenance of competitive advantages. In this regard, an important factor for the efficiency and improved economic performance of SMEs is the implementation of innovation and the introduction of an active innovation policy. The purpose of the present article is, on the basis of an research analysis, to set out the guidelines for enhancing the innovation activities in the small and medium-sized industrial enterprises.

Based on two different levels of transformational leadership, this paper analyzes in detail the impact of differentiated and transformational leaders on dualistic innovation through different agencies in small and medium-sized industrial enterprises. The results of this study show that: In small and medium-sized industrial enterprises, differentiated transformational leaders will have a positive effect on dual innovation. Among them, team effectiveness plays an intermediary role between consistent transformational leadership and dualistic innovation, and breakthrough innovation has greater impact on incremental innovation. Mental empowerment plays an intermediary role in the consistency of transformational leadership and breakthrough innovation. Therefore, we suggest that managers of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises should adjust their own management style according to their innovation goals, and promote the creation of dual innovation through the promotion of their psychological empowerment or team effectiveness.

Using the case analysis, this paper analyzes the environmental problems existing in a paper mill, the harm caused by environmental problems, the environmental development strategy adopted by the enterprise and the effectiveness achieved by the environmental development strategy to explore how small and medium-sized industrial enterprises that have widespread environmental problems should implement environmental development strategies. In addition, the environmental development strategy also significantly improves the economic efficiency and corporate image of the company, which is conducive to the long-term development of the company. In order to achieve the two major goals of environmental protection and development, it is recommended that small and medium-sized industrial enterprises that generate environmental pollution implement environmental development strategies.

In order to achieve the "Double Carbon" goal of "Carbon Peaking" and "Carbon Neutral", the government has introduced a whole set of green finance-related policies. This paper investigates changes in the investment and financing behavior of small and medium-sized industrial enterprises after the introduction of "Guidance on Building a Green Financial System" using a DID model and a fixed-effect model, drawing the conclusions that policies are effective.

This paper presents data from a survey of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Ukraine after privatization. To analyze this data, regression equations are estimated and explain the response of restructuring and performance indicators to ownership structures, competitive pressures, and hardening budget constraints. While ownership matters less for restructuring activity than competition and budget constraints, concentrated outside ownership does have a significant positive impact on the firm's performance.

Global economic crisis has brought into question sustainability of many industrial enterprises, especially Large-sized Enterprises (LEs). However, the strength of the European economy are not Large-sized Enterprises, but Small and Medium-sized industrial Enterprises (SMEs). As an alternative to LEs there is networking of SMEs into flexible production networks. Inside production network SMEs can collaborate on new product development forming Virtual Enterprise. SMEs collaborating as one Virtual Enterprise can be seen as a sustainable Large-sized Enterprise. However, to achieve sustainability through production networks, i.e. Virtual Enterprises, it is essential to choose an optimal combination of SMEs in Virtual Enterprise formation process. Since it is a complex task that requires the use of multi-criteria decision-making methods, in this paper PROMETHEE method is used.

The article presents the results of the evaluation of fundamental capitalization of domestic industrial enterprises as well as the analysis of the key factors in its calculation, suggesting basic pathways to ensure growth of financial and economic outcomes in capital formation. Fundamental capitalization refers to the fundamental amount of capital, and the calculations are performed using the residual operating income concept (ReOI-model). However, despite the increasing dynamics of fundamental capitalization of industrial enterprises, the value added trends during 2010-2018 turned negative which has been underpinned in the first place by low competitiveness of domestic industrial products (directly affecting the spread of sales profitability and product sales volumes which are the key factors that drive value creation. It is argued that the main reason for the above negative trend is weak innovation activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine. Critical dependence of competitiveness upon the technological level of development of modern enterprises triggers the need to implement a consistent industrial policy in Ukraine based on the concept of neo-industrialization which implies the transition to a new technological mode through boosting technological, managerial and product innovations. The implementation of the neo-industrialization concept in Ukrainian realia can also be carried out by exploring and copying foreign technology and become a major source of economic growth for industrial enterprises as well as a method to reduce the gap with high-tech international companies. The basic premises to entry into the domestic business space of technological capital in the form of foreign direct investment assume the creation of favorable investment environment, the source and guarantor of which should be the government. It is argued that the roots of economic growth of industrial enterprises are embedded directly inside the companies, thus following the principles of "smart organizations" will contribute to gaining the desired performance and the outcomes that ultimately affect the fundamental capitalization of industrial business.

A scheme of import substitution strategy forming on the basis of innovative development analysis is proposed in the article that is a factor of the enterprise image increasing. Necessity of the forecasting process in enterprise activity is proved where trendwatching is detected as a main method. The relevance of import substitution as the variant of domestic industrial enterprises development in modern conditions of economic management is shown on the basis of publication analysis and modern trends investigation. Having made the analysis of current economic situation that is characterized by a high level of uncertainty and increasing of effective activity factors, the positive influence of import substitution strategy implementation on economical safety providing was detected, that is in turn interconnected with the enterprise image. The main means of external and internal image administration are pointed in the limits of import substitution strategy. The evaluation of possibility and practicability of import substitution strategy implementation on the industrial enterprise is designed and its positive consequences for the enterprise are stated.

Introduction. In the context of globalization and increased technological competition, innovation activity is becoming a key factor in ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy. For the industry of Ukraine, which operates in conditions of structural transformations, military challenges and limited resources, innovation has become not only a source of economic growth, but also an important tool for restoration and modernization of production potential. Aim. The aim of the article is to study the spatial features and trends in the transformation of innovative activity of industrial enterprises of Ukraine in a regional context. Methods. The study used economic and statistical methods, in particular, the method of analyzing the trend of indicators of innovative activity of industrial enterprises in the context of regions of Ukraine. To cluster regions by the level of innovative activity of enterprises, the Z-score standardization method of indicators, the Ward’s method and the silhouette method were used. The diagnosis of spatial transformation of innovative processes in the industrial sector of the national economy was based on the methods of comparative analysis, data systematization and scientific abstraction. Results. Based on the clustering of regions of Ukraine by the level of innovation activity of industrial enterprises, five stages of spatial transformation of the innovation sphere of the industrial sector of the national economy were identified: the stage of pre-crisis differentiation (year 2020 ‒ 5 clusters), the stage of the consequences of the Covid crisis (year 2021 ‒ 3 clusters), the stage of shock adaptation (year 2022 ‒ 4 clusters), the stage of deepening the crisis (year 2023 ‒ 4 clusters), the stage of structural reconfiguration (year 2024 ‒ 3 clusters), which is confirmed by the presence of significant regional differentiation of the values ​​of innovation activity indicators in industry. Conclusions. There is a gradual increase in the innovation activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine, although the degree of innovation intensity remains below average European standards. Therefore, the further development of innovation activity in Ukraine requires a holistic approach that combines the stimulation of private investment in industry, the modernization of scientific and educational systems, and the formation of a favorable legislative environment for the introduction of new technologies.

In the article, the components of the organizational and economic mechanism for intensification of industrial enterprises’ innovative development are suggested. The model of creation of the economic mechanism for industrial enterprises’ innovation activity (IA) is improved. It is established that the difference between the economic mechanism (EM) and the organizational mechanism (OM) lies in the fact that the former aims to achieve goals by regulation of financial, production, technological, innovation and marketing activities, management of enterprise’s development, but it does not involve planning, organization, causes, IA strategy development, ownership form determination, implementation of measures to improve enterprise’s resource availability, methods and techniques of IA decisions-making and implementation.

The aim of the economic and statistical study presented by the authors is the evaluation of the role of small manufacturing enterprises in innovation development of real sector of Russian economy. Compared to developed countries, Russia is characterized by a relatively low innovative activity of small industrial enterprises, as well as by their smaller contribution to employment and to the increase of living standards of the population. At the same time, small industrial enterprises have the highest potential for innovation growth, especially in high-tech economic activities. The similarity of small enterprises’ definition in Russia and in the European Union, the magnitude of innovative activity of small enterprises in Europe, and the development of instruments to support innovative companies make studying the European experience in stimulating the innovative activity of small enterprises in the real sector of the economy in order to adapt it to domestic practice relevant.The authors reveal the potential areas of innovative activity growth for small manufacturing enterprises on the basis of foreign experience as well as develop recommendations on support for small entrepreneurship in industrial sector. The research is based on Community Innovation Survey (CIS), national reports of European countries on the topic, the federal statistical surveys № 4 and № 2-MP provided by the Federal State Statistics Service.The study revealed key drivers of European small enterprises’ innovative activity: well-developed cooperation with other organizations, substantial investment in R&D, broad coverage of small business enterprises with support measures. Best European practices of small enterprises’ innovative activity and the analysis of the main barriers of Russian small enterprises’ innovative activity allowed to define the promising directions for supporting small business the real sector of economy of Russia: developing modernization programmes for enterprises, extending the access to borrowed financial sources, developing cooperation ties between small business enterprises. The authors highlighted growth points of innovative activity of small manufacturing enterprises that can be taken into account while developing support measures in order to increase small business’ innovative activity, create new jobs and provide population employment.

The relevance of the investigated problem is as follows. The presence of competitive advantages in Ukrainian industrial enterprises will be a prerequisite for their survival and recovery at the current stages of the development of the domestic economy. This will be especially relevant in the war and post-war periods. The article aims to study the specifics of the problems and prospects of forming the competitiveness of domestic industrial enterprises and the impact on its level of the personnel management system. The article includes several methods that form the research methodology. The dynamics of domestic business development have been studied. During the war, part of it stopped or partially limited its activities. The levels at which the level of competitiveness of domestic industrial enterprises is formed under dynamic business conditions are analyzed. The article examines micro-level factors affecting the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise, its level. The following factors were analyzed: the production potential of an industrial enterprise, resource potential, technological potential, innovation potential, personnel potential, marketing potential, sales potential, indicators of the efficiency level in using available company resources, etc. Establishing a clear relationship between the level of quality of the workforce (personnel) and the level of competitiveness of specialists will contribute to the formulation of priorities for the development and further implementation of the industrial enterprise's development strategy. Peculiarities of the relationship between the stages of personnel development and increasing the level of competitiveness of the enterprise under highly dynamic business conditions are highlighted. The competitive advantages of industrial enterprises determine the advantages of their personnel in comparison with others. Components for increasing the level of efficiency of its management to increase the level of competitiveness are proposed.

The article addresses the managerial challenges faced by Ukrainian industrial enterprises in the context of decarbonization and European integration. It systematically examines the key aspects of transitioning to low-carbon technologies and strategies required to align with European Union (EU) environmental goals, standards, and policies. Special emphasis is placed on the EUʼs carbon reduction targets, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and their impact on exporters of industrial goods, including Ukrainian companies. The study identifies strategic, operational, financial, and technological challenges that hinder decarbonization processes while highlighting opportunities for enterprises to adopt sustainable practices. The research underscores the importance of optimizing production processes through renewable energy sources, carbon capture technologies, and emission monitoring systems. Enterprises must address the costeffectiveness of transitioning to low-carbon technologies, ensure transparent CO2 emission reporting, and attract financial support for sustainable projects. Furthermore, the paper discusses the global carbon footprint and EU climate neutrality plans, including reducing emissions by 55% by 2030 and achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. The study concludes that Ukrainian industrial enterprises need to integrate environmental management systems and prioritize innovation-driven solutions to maintain competitiveness in the EU market. Collaboration with international consulting firms, securing financing for decarbonization projects, and fostering corporate sustainability cultures are critical steps toward achieving compliance with EU standards and advancing environmental sustainability.