Increasing Poetry Comprehension Skills Through Social-Emotional Learning Elements With Problem Based Learning Model in Class IV

This study aims to determine (1) the implementation of higher order thinking skill (HOTS) based mathematics learning through problem based learning model in class V SD Negeri Kapasa, (2) the level of effectiveness of problem based learning (PBL) model on HOTS based mathematics learning, (3) factors that hinder HOTS based mathematics learning through problem based learning (PBL) model. This research uses a qualitative approach, with a descriptive qualitative research type. The objects in this research are students and fifth grade teachers of SD Negeri Kapasa. In this study, the data collection techniques used were observation, tests, interviews and documentation. The implementation of HOTS-based mathematics learning through the PBL model makes students think systematically, able to analyze problems from various aspects, train creative and innovative thinking levels and make students more confident. Factors that can hinder HOTS-based mathematics learning through the PBL model are the lack of time allocation in applying the model and the different grasping power of students so that the solution that can be done by the teacher is able to manage the time allocation properly as well as the seating arrangement of students, give additional assignments to students and provide additional tutoring to students who are lacking in mathematics subjects.

This classroom action research aims to describe the increase in student learning activities using the Problem Based Learning model. This research is collaborative with colleagues. The number of subjects used in this study were 20 students who came from class V Elementary School 25 East Pontianak. The research subjects consisted of 11 men and 9 women. In this study, direct observation technique was used in this study with the help of learning activity observation sheets, planning observation sheets and implementation observation sheets. The results of observations on the learning activities of class V students using the Problem Based Learning model in the first cycle obtained a percentage of 54%. The results of the observation of student learning activities in the second cycle obtained a percentage of 96%. The conclusion of this study is that the use of the Problem Based Learning model in class V of Public Elementary School 25 East Pontianak is able to increase student learning activities, namely in the first cycle of 54%, an increase of 42% to 96%.

Social Emotional Learning (SEL) plays a crucial role in developing students' emotional intelligence, social skills, and overall well-being. SEL focuses on five core competencies: self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. Integrating SEL into English Language Teaching (ELT) aligns these competencies with language learning objectives, fostering improved communication skills and holistic student development. Research indicates that SEL enhances emotional and academic outcomes, increasing student motivation, self-confidence, and peer relationships. In ELT settings, SEL supports a positive learning environment by addressing students' emotional needs, which boosts engagement and reduces anxiety. Despite its benefits, SEL integration faces challenges such as curriculum constraints, limited time and resources, and varying levels of teacher preparedness. Effective integration requires balancing SEL with language goals, providing adequate professional development for teachers, and addressing diverse student needs. While integrating SEL into ELT poses challenges, it promotes resilience, a growth mindset, and better communication skills, contributing to overall student success. To fully capitalize on SEL, educators need ongoing training, and policymakers should support SEL within educational standards. Collaborative efforts among educators, researchers, and policymakers are essential to develop and sustain effective SEL practices, creating a more engaging and supportive learning environment for students. This paper focuses on the opportunities and challenges of the integration of SEL in ELT. Keywords: Social Emotional Learning, ELT Classroom, Opportunities, Challenges

This research is motivated by the use of technology-based media which is still rarely used, the media used by teachers uses conventional media and abstract media. Teachers focus on textbooks and picture media so that learning is less fun and less interesting. The aim of this research is to develop interactive wordwall media for learning Pancasila Education elements of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia using a valid Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in class IV Elementary Schools in Cluster 1 West Padang District. The type of research carried out is Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D development model, Phase I, namely Define, Phase II Design. Stage III Develop, stage IV namely Disseminate. The media that has been designed is then validated by the validator using a validation sheet in the form of a questionnaire. This product validation consists of material, language and media experts. The results of research on the development of wordwall interactive media which has a valid level of validity, material validity 95% (valid), language validity 95% (valid), media validity 87.5% (valid). It can be concluded that the use of "Wordwall Interactive Media for Bhinneka Tunggal Ika Elements Using the Problem-Based Learning Model in Class IV in Cluster 1 West Padang District" is valid for use in the learning process.

Mathematical problem solving ability is one aspect that has an important role and becomes one of the goals that must be achieved by students in learning mathematics. However, in reality at SMAN 14 Padang showed that students' mathematical problem solving ability is still low. One of the learning models that can be applied to improve students' mathematical problem solving ability is Problem Based Learning (PBL). The purpose of this research is determine the mathematical problem solving ability of students who study with the Problem Based Learning model and compare it with direct learning in class XI MIPA SMAN 14 Padang. The type of research is a quasi-experimental with a static group comparison design. The population is students of class XI MIPA SMAN 14 Padang with a sample class XI MIPA 1 even absent as an experimental class and XI MIPA 6 even absent as a control class. The instrument of this research is in the form of a mathematical problem solving ability test. Based on the results of data analysis, using the t-test, obtained the P-value of 0.002. This shows the P-value , then is rejected. This means that the mathematical problem solving ability of students who study using the Problem Based Learning model is better than the mathematical problem solving abilities of students who learn using the direct learning model in class XI MIPA SMAN 14 Padang. Keywords – Learning Models, Problem Based Learning, Problem Solving

The PBL and PjBL models are student-centric learning models that are needed to improve student skills in the 21st century. This study aims to find out the differences between the PBL and PjBL models of critical thinking skills of students at SMAN 1 Lhokseumawe on material reaction speed. This research uses experimental methods with a type of Quasi Experimental Design. The sampling technique was carried out in a purposive way with a total sample of 72 students. The test results show no significant differences between PBL and PjBL models. The result of this test is sig (2-tailed) 0.162 > 0.05 H0 received and H1 rejected. In other words, there is no significant difference in critical thinking skills between students taught with the PjBL model and the PBL model

Social emotional learning (SEL) fosters students’ emotional intelligence and social skills, and research supports the relationships between SEL and academic outcomes. Despite schools implementing SEL as required by state policies, the manner of presentation is critiqued for its relevance to students’ cultural complexities. This qualitative study examined the nuances of SEL implementation and its relevance for minoritized students in a sample of SEL school leaders. Among the themes identified were: challenges related to integrating SEL as Tier 1 interventions; shortcomings in assessing student needs and SEL outcomes; buy-in and capacity challenges with teacher interventionists; and the larger context of implementing SEL amid communities’ mixed political views about SEL and equity/inclusion efforts. Implications for using SEL to improve diverse students’ academic outcomes and well-being are discussed.

Problem-solving is one of the competencies in the learning innovation that students must possess to prepare life challenges in the 21st century. This study aimed to improve student problem-solving ability and cognitive learning outcome through the implementation of problem-based learning (PBL) model in learning biology at the senior high school. This research is a quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest design. Two classes were chosen randomly from five classes of 10th-grade students for conducting research by implementing PBL and direct instruction learning models as an experiment and control (conventional) class, respectively. The problem-solving ability was measured by the essay test as well as the cognitive learning outcome at the end of the research and was analyzed by t-test. The result showed that students in the PBL class have a higher improvement in problem-solving ability. The student ability to problem-solving in the PBL class was also significantly higher than the conventional class. In addition, students in the PBL class have a higher cognitive learning outcome than the conventional class. This finding indicates that the PBL model can be implemented in the learning practices, especially in biology, to develop the problem-solving skill of students. Problem-solving is one of the competencies in the learning innovation that students must possess to prepare life challenges in the 21st century. This study aimed to improve student problem-solving ability and cognitive learning outcome through the implementation o f problem-based learning (PBL) model in learning biology at the senior high school. This research is a quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest design. Two classes were chosen randomly from five classes of 10th-grade students for conducting research by implementing PBL and direct instruction learning models as an experiment and control (conventional) class, respectively. The problem-solving ability was measured by the essay test as well as the cognitive learning outcome at the end of the research and was analyzed by t-test. The result showed that students in the PBL class have a higher improvement in problem-solving ability. The student ability to problem-solving in the PBL class was also significantly higher than the conventional class. In addition, students in the PBL class have a higher cognitive learning outcome than the conventional class. This finding indicates that the PBL model can be implemented in the learning practices, especially in biology, to develop the problem-solving skill of students.

Presentation on the topic of Salt Hydrolysis can be started from a real problem, using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. The PBL model should be able to increase student’s' curiosity to get concepts independently. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PBL model on salt hydrolysis lessons about the student’s learning outcomes in SMAN 1 Ranah Pesisir. This research is quasi experiment with nonequivalent groups post-test only design. Data are normal and homogeneous, as of hypothesis testing uses t-test is done at α 0.05, obtained t count 5,2 and t table 2,67. The shows the learning outcomes on salt hydrolysis lessons between classes using PBL model are higher than conventional model in SMAN 1 Ranah Pesisir.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the problem-based learning (PBL) model in improving the critical thinking skills and learning motivation of 10th grade senior high school students through the biology-based learning of environmental concepts and pollution, especially water and soil pollution. This study also aims to determine students' responses to the problem-based learning model. A quasi-experiment with a control group before and after the test is used to conduct the research. This research was done over the course of four meetings. The population of this study consists of all 10th-grade senior high school students, with the following characteristics: the first 10th-grade senior high school students are an experimental class implementing PBL with Zoom Cloud Meeting, and the second 10th-grade senior high school students are a control class with a scientific approach learning model. The N-Gain test was used to measure critical thinking skills before and after learning, as well as the level of motivation at the end of learning, to collect data for this study. The findings showed that: 1) The PBL model was implemented successfully, with a score of 95%, using Zoom cloud meetings. 2) When compared to the 5M models, the implementation of learning using the PBL model through Zoom Cloud Meetings improved students' critical thinking skills. The N-Gain test results were within the middle range, precisely 0.51. 3) Using Zoom cloud meetings to apply the PBL approach has no meaningful effect on increasing students' learning motivation. 4) Students were highly enthusiastic about studying the PBL methodology using Zoom cloud sessions

Education is expected to produce graduates who can compete and have 21st-century skills. The low ranking of Indonesian students from the results of PISA and TIMMS proves that learning is still not optimal for developing Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This study aims to determine the influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on HOTS in science learning for grade V elementary school students. This study uses a pretest-posttest design and is a type of quasi-experimental research. The research subjects were grade V students. Cognitive problems function to measure students' (cognitive) knowledge starting from C4 (analysing), C5 (evaluating), and C6 (creating). Meanwhile, observation sheets are used to see the process of critical thinking, creative thinking, reasoning, and decision-making skills in learning activities. The data analysis technique uses descriptive analysis techniques and t-test inferential statistical analysis techniques. The findings from the test results showed that there was a significant difference between the HOTS learning outcomes given in HOTS using PBL and students who did not use PBL. In line with the test results, the findings of the observation results also show that the HOTS ability in students who use PBL is higher than the HOTS ability in students who do not use PBL. This study provides strong empirical evidence that the PBL model can be an effective strategy to improve students' HOTS abilities.

The purpose of this research is to know the difference of mathematical representation skill, the result of science learning and its influence on problem-based learning and discovery learning model. The population of this study was 16 students of PGSD FKIP University of Lampung. Among 534 students, there were two experimental classes consisting of 35 students and each was determined through cluster random sampling. The data on mathematical representation skills and learning outcomes of science were obtained through a description test, five questions for assessing mathematical representation skills, and ten questions for assessing science learning outcomes. From the instruments that had been tested to 30 respondents, it was obtained a valid and reliable instrument with a score of 0.505 for mathematical representation skills, and 0.832 for learning outcomes. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by using normality test, homogeneity test, independent sample t-test, correlation test, and simple linear regression test. The results showed that there was no difference in the result of mathematical representation skill and science learning outcomes, between the problem-based learning model and real discovery. But there is a positive and significant linear influence between the mathematical representation skill and the learning outcomes of science, through a problem-based learning model of discovery.

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of social emotional learning and emotional intelligence (EI) on self-esteem in students. The study was conducted with a sample group of 236 voluntary participants from university students. The data were collected with the Social Emotional Learning Scale (SELS), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire–Short Form (TEIQue-SF). Mean, standard deviation, minimum-maximum-median, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. According to the results obtained, students' social emotional learning, emotional intelligence and self-esteem differ according to age variable. In all three measures, the scores of students aged 21 and over were significantly higher than those of students aged 20 and under. In addition, a moderate relationship was found between social emotional learning and self-esteem, and between social emotional learning and emotional intelligence. There is a strong relationship between self-esteem and emotional intelligence. The model established in the study explains approximately 51% of students' self-esteem. Although age and social emotional learning were found to be a factor affecting self-esteem in univariate analysis, they lost their significance in multivariate analysis. However, emotional intelligence continues to maintain its effect.

Abstract. The aim of this research is to formulate a plan to strengthen religious moderation using the PBL model in learning PAI courses. To achieve this goal, the library research research method was used, namely reviewing books and articles related to religious moderation, MK PAI and PBL, which ended by linking these three things to obtain a formula for implementing PBL in MK PAI to strengthen religious moderation. The research produced a number of steps to strengthen religious moderation using the PBL model. First, determine the relevant subject matter; second, determining learning outcomes; third, determine teaching materials and learning media; fourth, formulate steps for implementing PBL with 5 stages; orientation of students to problems, organizing students, guiding investigations, developing presentation of results, analyzing and evaluating problems; Thus, it can be concluded that there are four steps to use technology in PAI lectures to strengthen religious moderation through the PBL model.Abstract. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merumuskan rancangan penguatan moderasi beragama menggunakan model PBL dalam pembelajaran matakuliah PAI. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode penelitian library research, yakni mengkaji buku dan artikel terkait moderasi beragama, MK PAI dan PBL, yang diakhiri dengan mengaitkan tiga hal tersebut untuk memperoleh rumusan penerapan PBL dalam MK PAI untuk menguatkan moderasi beragama. Penelitian menghasilkan sejumlah langkah penguatan moderasi beragama menggunaan model PBL. Pertama, menentukan tema pokok bahasan yang relevan; kedua, menentukan capaian pembelajaran; ketiga, menentukan bahan ajar dan media pembelajaran; keempat, merumuskan langkah penerapan PBL dengan 5 tahapan; orientasi siswa pada masalah, pengorganisasian siswa,, membimbing penyelidikkan, mengembangkan penyajian hasil, menganalisis dan evaluasi masalah. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada empat langkah sebagai pemanfaatan teknologi dalam perkuliahan PAI untuk menguatkan moderasi beragama melalui model PBL.

This study aims to analyze the significant influence of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. This meta-analysis includes ten scientific articles comparing the PBL model with conventional teaching methods. The article selection process followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure transparency and rigor. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test due to the non-normal distribution, and Spearman’s Rank Correlation was used to assess the strength of the relationship between PBL and students' problem-solving abilities. The results indicate that the PBL model has a significant and positive impact on students' mathematical problem-solving abilities compared to conventional methods, with a large effect size of r = 0.642. The Spearman’s Rank Correlation revealed a strong positive relationship (r_s = 0.782) between the implementation of PBL and the improvement in problem-solving skills. These findings are supported by several factors contributing to PBL's success, including active student engagement, effective teacher facilitation, the use of real-world contexts, and a supportive classroom environment. This study concludes that the PBL model is a highly effective pedagogical approach for enhancing mathematical problem-solving skills. Considering the significant positive effects, this study recommends the widespread adoption of PBL in educational environments to improve students' critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. Further research is needed to explore the long-term impacts of PBL and its application in different educational contexts. Keywords: problem-based learning, mathematical problem-solving, meta-analysis, mann-whitney u test, spearman’s rank correlation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpmipa/v25i2.pp864-877