Indoor Comfortable Environment Self-adjust System Based on Microchip EM78F668N

In the modern day, greenhouses have emerged as a well-liked option for sustainable agriculture due to the growing worry about climate change and the rising demand for food production. Because of the growing concern about climate change and the increased demand for food production, greenhouses are becoming a preferred approach for sustainable agriculture. To get around these problems, clever control systems using Arduino microcontrollers have been developed to automatically monitor and regulate the ambient conditions within the greenhouse. Before a problem arises, intelligent control systems can identify and mitigate possible hazards. A more ecologically friendly and productive approach to farming may be achieved via the use of sophisticated management systems in greenhouses. The major objective of the project is to build greenhouses that provide a suitable environment with a high production capacity, protect endangered plants, and conserve people's time and energy. We'll use the Arduino to help us automate this process. The Arduino is a device that has outputs that are used in greenhouses and inputs (sensors) that can be programmed in C++ on a computer. The tools and materials we utilize for the project are an Arduino, a fan, a spray can, a humidity sensor, a lighting sensor, and a temperature sensor. The temperature sensor in our project is utilized to measure temperature. It will send a sensor to Arduino when the temperature rises or falls. To maintain a temperature that is comfortable for the plants, the fan or air conditioner is switched on. When there is insufficient light, the light sensor sends a signal to the Arduino to switch on the lights. It measures the moisture content of the soil. It will be transmitted to Arduino if the soil needs water. Through a DC motor, water flows. In order to provide an appropriate climate for plants without a human to take care of them, a smart control of greenhouse utilizing Arduino is used.

The development of increasingly sophisticated pharmaceutical industry technology requires researchers to develop technology in the pharmaceutical industry that can help employees carry out their duties. As we know, technology is very helpful in providing job data in industry. Information technology can improve the quality of work in industry. One of them is about monitoring temperature and humidity in the non-sterile drug production room. This temperature and humidity is monitored by the QA ( Quality Assurance )/Quality Assurance department, which is used to see whether the temperature and humidity of the non-sterile drug production room are well conditioned.Based on the existing problems, it is necessary to have an intelligent system that can monitor temperature and humidity precisely and periodically. One of them is creating an Internet of Things (IoT) Implementation tool for Simulating Temperature and Humidity in a Non-Sterile Medicine Production Room Using an Arduino and Web Based Temperature Sensor ( LM35 ) and Humidity Sensor ( DHT 22 ). This tool will periodically detect the temperature and humidity in each non-sterile drug production room. If the temperature exceeds the maximum limit in the non-sterile drug production room, the fan will turn on to release the hot air inside. All the data that has been collected will be processed by the Arduino Uno R3 Microcontroller and will be displayed on the website as an interface . For early detection, a DC Fan appears on the website that rotates if the temperature exceeds the maximum limit. Data transmission uses ESP8266 as a wireless module .

Our project describes a system for the automation and monitoring of a smart house. The system consists of several sensors such as: temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor and presence sensor. The data from sensors is processed and transmitted to the central module via Xbee-ZigBee or to a smartphone through the Bluetooth module. The central module connects at the Internet via WiFi and through an application we can remotely monitor the state of the house or control various devices within the enclosure.

Lighting system control techniques in commercial buildings: Current trends and future directions

Climate change projections indicate that significant areas of the current cocoa cultivation areas in West Africa are likely to experience unfavorable climatic conditions by 2050. Water use efficient agroforestry systems are considered to be an important option to adapt cocoa to climate change. Water use efficiency and complementary soil water use between cocoa and shade trees have been reported in previous studies in Indonesia but in our previous study in Ghana, popular native shade tree species Albizia ferruginea and Antiaris toxicaria were found to have a strong competitive water use advantage over cocoa plants during an extreme drought experienced during 2015/16. Cocoa plants under no shade were relatively more resilient with higher survival rate and post drought recovery.While past research studies   were each limited to few selected shade tree species being investigated despite the huge numbers within cocoa landscapes. To overcome this limitation, an approach based on functional traits of trees in terms of water use is proposed to understand their effect on water use efficiency and drought resilience in cocoa agroforestry systems rather than describing individual species. We apply this concept across temporal and spatial scales in a marginally suitable cocoa climate in Ghana. Shade tree species have been categorized into phenological trait groups (evergreen, deciduous, or brevi-deciduous) under which detailed above- and belowground traits interactions with cocoa plant and effect on water use has been evaluated.The following hypotheses are being tested: (i) shade trees in the three phenological trait groups exhibit significant difference in their root and water uptake depth, and, thus, affect environmental conditions relevant for cocoa, (ii) cocoa plant above- and belowground morphological and physiological traits are influenced by shade tree phenological and morphological traits and their modification by micro-climatic (light, temperature, relative humidity and VPD), and soil (water and nutrients) conditions over different seasons.Replicated plots of 19 shade tree species distributed across the three phenological trait groups have been established for analysis of functional traits interactions in such a multi-species agroforestry system. We determine root specific traits through direct sampling, stable isotope analysis for assessment of water use portioning between the various shade tree groups and cocoa plants. Soil moisture, temperature and relative humidity and light sensors were installed in each plot. Cocoa plants under different micro-climatic impact zones of the shade trees have been monitored for a full production cycle.  The shade trees impact on the cocoa plant productivity (morphology and yield traits) has been evaluated. Complementary and non-complementary shade tree species with respect to their trait interactions and effect on cocoa plant productivity have been identified.

A method for standardizing the manufacturing process of integrated temperature and humidity sensor based on fiber Bragg grating

Recently, monitoring of existing tunnel environment has been increasingly more important due to the progressively risen public concerns, especially in extreme long tunnel like Hsuehshan tunnel in Taiwan. Such extreme long tunnel can easily cause significant hazard due to automobile accident. Therefore, developing an efficient and robust monitoring system to inspect the circumstances of tunnel is the momentous research. Capabilities of wireless sensor devices and networks have significantly more advantages over those of conventional monitoring instruments, which are wire-based systems for acquisitioning and transferring. Motivated by this, a study of design and integrating of wireless sensing system for monitoring existing tunnel situation is presented in this paper. The overall system design comprises two major units, a wireless sensing unit and a wireless receiving unit. Wireless sensing unit contains two functional modules, (1) sensing and data acquisition module; (2) microprocessor with wireless communication module. Only humidity, temperature, gas, light and photo sensors are investigated in this work, but any preferred sensor can be easily adopted with this smart transmitting scheme to realize a wireless sensor network system. Wireless receiving unit also consists of two functional modules, microprocessor with wireless communication module and a gateway. Experimental study was conducted to investigate the proposed prototype. Investigational results revealed that the feasibility of wireless sensor network in existing tunnel environment monitoring and maintaining.

Atmospheric radio refractivity and its vertical gradient affect electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation mostly in the lower troposphere. The vertical profiles of the radio refractivity over New Delhi are very limited that inspired us to study the same using tethered balloon facility. Here, we investigated radio refractivity and its gradient over New Delhi (28°38′10″N, 77°10′17″E) using radiosonde balloon observation for one week (February 21–27, 2014). Vaisala RS 80 radiosonde device used during this experiment comprised of the individually factory-calibrated temperature, pressure and humidity sensors. The resolution of temperature sensor, pressure sensor and humidity sensor is 0.1 °C, 0.1 hpa and 1% RH, respectively. The refractivity measured using radiosonde has been observed to be reduced by 8.6% at 930 masl (mean above sea level) relative to that of ground level (i.e., 230 masl) during up-leg observation (7:00–7:30 PM), while the same has been found to be increased by 10.8% at ground level relative to that of 930 masl during down-leg observation (3:30–4:00 AM). Though it is a small set of information pertaining to refractivity observations using tethered balloon, certainly it can provide micro-insights of the meteorological effects on radio wave propagation better than that of routine experiments. The present study could be crucial for understanding the probable effects on radio wave propagations within atmospheric boundary layer over the study region and would reduce the underlying uncertainties associated with such measurements.

Mobile web browsers are evolved to support the functionalities presented by HTML5. With the hardware accessibility of HTML5, it is now possible to access sensor hardware of a mobile device through a web page regardless of the need for a mobile application. In this paper, we analyze the security impact of accessing sensor hardware of a mobile device from mobile web page. First, we present the test results of hardware accessibility from mobile web browsers. Second, to raise awareness of the seriousness of hardware accessibility, we introduce a new POC attack LightTracker which infers the victim’s location using light sensor. We also show the effectiveness of the attack in real world.

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Hardware, Software and Underware

This paper system based on GPRS and a single chip microcomputer. System is applied to facility agriculture. Work aims to realize the wireless data transmission. Using digital temperature sensors, humidity sensors and carbon dioxide concentration sensors, they could collect greenhouse related parameters data. After that, GPRS wireless module send these data to farmers' mobile phones and remote expert system. After system set up, practice has proved that farmers mobile phone can receive temperature data from ds18b20 temperature sensor and with no delay. Stored in SD card crop picture can transmit through GPRS model. In the picture size below 20 KB situation, delay is not obvious. Transmission effect is good.

Terrarium is one of the interesting and environmentally friendly room decorative solutions. However, the owner must be more careful to pay attention to the optimal humidity and light conditions for the terrarium. In an effort to overcome these obstacles, this research makes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automation control system for terrarium watering and lighting. The system is equipped with a humidity sensor (DHT22) and a light intensity sensor (Light Dependent Resistor) to detect environmental conditions. When abnormal humidity is detected, the system will automatically water the plants, while the lights will be adjusted to the light intensity of the room. In addition, the system data is presented in real-time through the website and displayed on the LCD screen. The test results show the accuracy rate of the humidity sensor is 97.45% and the light intensity sensor is 98.51%, while the ultrasonic proximity sensor has an average accuracy of about 98.61%. This research offers a practical solution for maintaining terrariums efficiently and effectively through the application of IoT technology.

In this paper, we presented the wireless sensor networks (WSN) to observe the human physiological signals by ZigBee, which is provided with lower power consumption, small volume, high expansion, stylization and two-way transmission, etc. ZigBee is generally used for home care, digital home control, industrial and security control. This paper developed a suite of home care sensor network system by ZigBee's characteristic, which is embedded three sensors (temperature sensor, humid sensor, and light sensor). It is attached to other sensors, such as the biosensor for observe heart rate and blood pressure. We implemented Panasonic EW3035 blood pressure monitor to measure heart rate and blood pressure. The biosensor transmits measured signals via ZigBee, and then sends to the remote wireless monitor for acquiring the observed human physiological signals. The remote wireless monitor is constructed of ZigBee and personal computer (PC). The measured signals send to the PC, which can be data collection, analyzing and statistic. When the measured signals over the standard value, the personal computer sends Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) short message to the manager. The manager can use the PC or personal digital assistant (PDA) to observe the observed human physiological signals in the remote place.

Wearable humidity sensors based on bar-printed poly(ionic liquid) for real-time humidity monitoring systems