Industrial Engineering Made Simple

Contributors

Contributors

At one time or another, all of us have filled out a government or agency form where we are asked to list our name followed by father's name, then mother's name. The sequence of filling in first name (also called “given”) or last name (also called “family”) varies, but the sequence of father's name first and mother's name next seems always fixed. Now, why would that be so? Rationally, mother's name should be first as maternity is patently easier to ascertain than paternity. There must be other reasons for such universal practice. Could it be that only fathers compose forms? There is a bit of a mystery here.Thus it is also with the sequence of listing authors of scientific papers with multiple co-authors. Who is the first author? For that matter, who is second or third or last? How about “lead” author and “corresponding” author referred to in the ASME journal guidelines? Who decides, and with what criteria?In my first papers with my doctoral advisor I put my name first and his second. It did not occur to me to ask him: I had just written the paper myself and I had added his name as a courtesy, never mind that we had talked a lot about the work over months and years. He never commented on the author sequence. In my first papers with my doctoral students I put their name first and then mine, even when sometimes I might have written the majority of the paper. I am not quite sure why, I just did. I then happened to be talking with a friend working in experimental high-energy physics, who told me that their typical papers had 50 or so co-authors, and the first author was always the most senior person, usually the director of the lab. The logic was essentially that he was the father of the team, and there would be no lab, no team and no experiment without him. This got me worried. Was I doing this first author thing wrong all along? Would it mess up my career?This is no idle question. Careers may be indeed at stake. I have sat through hundreds of university faculty evaluations, and there is always someone in the review committee asking why the candidate being evaluated is (or is not) first author. Some counters will discount papers where the candidate is not the first author. Administrative guidelines for promotion now require that you underline or boldface in your list of papers the names of co-authors that are students you have advised. I recall a discussion with an author arguing that alphabetical listing is the fairest, neutral way of listing co-authors—a seemingly reasonable point, except for that author's name starts with an “A.” In other cases, co-authors have been excluded in order to showcase the name of the first author, who might be going into the job market and too many co-authors would dilute the personal contribution. Differences in status and seniority among co-authors also create potential difficulties: a junior author may benefit from much easier acceptance of a paper with a well-known senior co-author; a senior co-author may benefit from being included in work with no substantive contribution. Could the co-author sequence help to make such distinctions?The answers to the above questions are not always clear cut. The ASME Ethics guidelines to authors state the following: “To protect the integrity of authorship, only persons who have significantly contributed to the research or project and manuscript preparation shall be listed as co-authors. The corresponding author attests to the fact that any others named as co-authors have seen the final version of the manuscript and have agreed to its submission for publication. Deceased persons who meet the criterion for co-authorship shall be included, with a footnote reporting date of death. No fictitious name shall be given as an author or co-author. An author who submits a manuscript for publication accepts responsibility for having properly included all, and only, qualified co-authors.”The ASME guidelines are based on the widely used American Chemical Society Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research, which include the following: “The co-authors of a paper should be all those persons who have made significant scientific contributions to the work reported and who share responsibility and accountability for the results. Other contributions should be indicated in a footnote or an ‘Acknowledgments’ section. An administrative relationship to the investigation does not of itself qualify a person for co-authorship (but occasionally it may be appropriate to acknowledge major administrative assistance).”However, in the ASME guidelines to authors I could not find a clear definition of who is the “lead” author, except that the so-designated author is responsible for paying any excess page charges assessed to the manuscript. The “corresponding” author is usually chosen as the one with a permanent or stable address, who submits the paper and can manage the communications with the journal editors and staff. This used to be often the more senior person, head of a lab or a project; but in the electronic communication age, any co-author can usually be reached just as easily. Thus, good judgment and good communication is the best way to address these questions. For example, if a junior researcher reports, say, work from her dissertation, then she can be the first author, as well as the lead and corresponding one—provided she has an interest to remain engaged with the paper publication process after graduation. But if she launches a successful start-up company, then she would still remain first author, possibly a lead one but not a corresponding one.There is a nice article on authorship ethics, which among other things states that “In cases where more than one person meets the qualifications for authorship of a manuscript, the order of authorship should be a joint decision of the co-authors” (Syrett, K. L., and Rudner, L. M., 1996, Authorship Ethics, Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 5(1). Retrieved May 19, 2009 from http://PAREonline.net/getvn.asp?v=5&n=1). I think that is spot on.As cutting-edge research continues to cross traditional boundaries and collaboration becomes a key element of success in addressing complicated, far-reaching problems, we all have to learn how to apportion credit where credit is due. Good accounting makes for good friends, and good co-authors.Dr. David Gorsich is the Chief Scientist of the U.S. Army Tank Automotive Research, Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC). He is the organization's primary focal point to organizations such as DARPA and ARO, and serves as the technical director of the U.S. Army National Automotive Center. Previously Dr. Gorsich was the Director of Strategic Plans and Programs at TARDEC, and the Associate Director for Modeling and Simulation. As TARDEC's Associate Director for Simulation, he also was responsible for the Center's High Performance Computing program. Before 2003, Dr. Gorsich served as a research scientist in TARDEC's Robotics Lab as well as the leader of National Automotive Center's Vehicle Intelligence team. He received his Ph.D. in applied mathematics from M.I.T., his M.S. in applied mathematics from George Washington University, and his B.S. in electrical engineering from Lawrence Technological University. Areas of interest: simulation, reliability-based design optimization, terrain modeling, spatial statistics and other approximation methodsDr. Michael Kokkolaras is an Associate Research Scientist at the Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Michigan. He also has an appointment at the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. Dr. Kokkolaras has a Diploma in Aerospace Engineering from Munich University of Technology (Technische Universität München) and a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from Rice University. Dr. Kokkolaras has conducted research for a number of projects funded by the U.S. Army, General Motors, Ford Motor Company, General Dynamics Land Systems, National Science Foundation, and Office of Naval Research, and co-authored numerous articles in archival journals and conference proceedings, as well as three book chapters. He is a member of the ASME (active within the Design Automation Committee) and a senior member of the AIAA (serving on the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Technical Committee). Interests: multidisciplinary design optimization, decomposition and coordination methods, design under uncertainty, platform-based design of product familiese-mail: mk@asmejmd.orgBernard Yannou is a Professor of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering and co-director of the Industrial Engineering Laboratory of Ecole Centrale Paris, France. He received a M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Ecole Normale Supérieure of Cachan (ENSC), a M.S. in Computer Science from Paris-6 University, and a Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from ENSC. He directs the Innovative System Design and Development last-year Minor curriculum and directs the M.S. in Industrial Engineering of Ecole Centrale Paris. He has conducted research for a number of industrial companies: Dassault Systemes, Renault, Schlumberger, Johnson Controls, Airbus, Eurocopter, Snecma. He has supervised 15 Ph.D. theses in design engineering. He is member of the ASME for which he serves as an international liaison of IDETC, and a member of the Design Society. He was the coordinator of a French handbook on design in 3 volumes “La conception industrielle de produits” (2008). Areas of interest: design science, design automation, artificial intelligence in design, design under uncertainty, decision-based design, system thinking, innovation management

First of all, thank Allah SWT. the ICIME is the second International Conference on Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering by the Industrial Engineering Department, Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) can be held successfully. This year International Conference on Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering was implemented slightly differently from the previous year because the COVID 19 pandemic infected the entire world, held from 3th to 4th September 2020 through a web conference, although it cannot be held face-to-face this activity is still carried out as the previous year. This conference is an extended collaboration between Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), and Prince of Songkla University (PSU) to intensify knowledge sharing and experiences between higher learning institutions.This ICIME Conference is a platform for knowledge exchange and the growth of ideas, particularly in manufacturing engineering with rapid advancements in manufacturing engineering. This year, 2020, the conference theme is “Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Experiences and Challenges in ASEAN” reflecting the role of Industrial Engineering and Manufacturing to be developed for industries that can compete in the international sphere especially ASEAN. The previous conference had been published 155 paper in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. The conference was run in seven parallel sessions with 161 presenters sharing their latest finding in the areas of manufacturing process, systems, advanced materials and automation. The Keynote Speaker of this conferences are Dr. Ir. Abdul Rahman Hemdi from Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Malaysia, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nikorn Sirivongpaisal from Prince of Songkla University (PSU) Thailand, Prof. Dr. Ir. Armansyah Ginting, M. Eng from Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Indonesia, Agus Tjahajana Wirakusuma as chief commissioner of PT Indonesia Asahan Alumunium (INALUM) and Prof. Dr. Pramodkumar S Kataraki from REVA University, India. The Invited Speaker of this conferences are Ir. Rosnani Ginting, MT, Ph.D from Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Indonesia, Hasnida Binti AB Samad Ph.D from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia, Ahmad Faiz Zubair, Ph.D from Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia and Dr. Hafnee Lateh Prince Of Songkla University (PSU), Thailand and Ir. Aulia Ishak, MT, Ph.D from Universitas Sumatera Utara USU, Indonesia. The organizers are very grateful to them for supporting the conference and sharing their latest research results with the conference participants. The number of papers that submitted on the OCS USU website was 167 papers and 6 papers were rejected and 161 papers were received which have been presented at the parallel session. Details of participants who attended the conference, among others; Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), Universitas Indonesia (UI), Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Universitas Andalas (UNAND), Universitas Telkom, Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret (UNS), Prince of Songkla University (PSU), REVA University, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute of Technology and many more.As chairman of this, 2ndInternational Conference on Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (ICI&ME), I thank to all the committee that have been involved to succeeded this conference and may this conference will be blessed by Allah SWT. and we are all given health and protection from the COVID 19 virus. Please have a grateful day with ICI&ME. Ir. Aulia Ishak, MT, Ph.D. Chairman

Industry 4.0 is a paradigm that aims to increase the digitalization and automation of production systems by using a set of digital technologies such as the internet of things, cyber-physical systems, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, etc. Industry 4.0 significantly contributes to the digital transformation of industrial companies and provides several benefits to these companies, such as increased connectivity of production systems, faster and more reliable information processing, and enhanced industrial control capabilities, etc. However, it can be said that Industry 4.0 primarily focuses on the technical tools of production and does not necessarily include the human factor or the social and environmental aspects, which can also influence the digital transformation of production systems. Industry 5.0 complements Industry 4.0 by placing humans at the center of this digital transformation. Moreover, Industry 5.0 also takes into account other aspects such as sustainability and the resilience of production systems. The study presented in this paper falls within the general field of Industry 5.0 and specifically addresses the environmental aspect of production systems. It aims to improve the implementation of digital tools for real-time monitoring of the environmental impacts of an industrial production unit. This study focuses particularly on proposing an approach for the prior assessment of the maturity of a production unit before implementing a digital tool for monitoring its environmental impacts. The approach we propose is based on a set of steps, such as the overall assessment of the company’s digital maturity, the evaluation of maturity regarding the technologies used in Industry 4.0, the company’s maturity in identifying and measuring environmental impacts, and finally, its ability to implement a digital monitoring system for environmental impacts. Keywords Industrial unit, Environmental impact, Real-time monitoring, Digital maturity, Industry 5.0 Biographies Khalid Benhida Khalid is a professor at the EST of Safi and a member of the LAPSSII laboratory at Cadi Ayyad University in Marrakech, Morocco. He got his Ph.D degree, state doctorate and habilitation in the fields of electronics and industrial Engineering. He serves as a supervisor and director for several Ph.D and is the author and co-author of numerous publications, patents, and scientific communications. Ahmed Boulahoual is an assistant professor at the EST of Safi and a member of the LAPSSII laboratory at Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco. He is the co-author of some publications, author and co-author of some scientific communications. Noureddine Dahmani is a research scholar at the Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco. He is doing his PhD in the area of Green Lean design and industry 4.0 in product development. He has about 8 years of industry experience. His research interests include product design, Lean product development, sustainable product, lean design, design methodologies, Eco design and Industry 4.0. Sana El Hidaoui got her Ph.D. degree in Industrial & Logistic Engineering at Cadi Ayyad University- Faculty of Technical Sciences, Marrakech, Morocco, in 2022. She received engineering diploma in “Industrial Engineer” from ENSA Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco, in 2015. She is currently in charge of teaching, with the ENSA of Safi-Cadi Ayyad University. She is the author of more than 10 articles, and Her Ph.D. research interest is centered on Green Supply Chain Modeling and management.

The industrial engineering discipline in South Africa is examined by introducing the context of the discipline and by revisiting its history. The drivers influencing the context and future of industrial engineering in South Africa are also considered, and the discipline is analysed in terms of the following aspects: university qualifications, employment in industry sectors, race and gender profiles, use and competence in industry, and income profiles. The analysis is based on a recent survey sent to practising industrial engineers, on membership data from the Southern African Institute for Industrial Engineering (SAIIE), and on two internal SAIIE investigations. The study concludes that the success of transformation, particularly in terms of race, has been limited. The results also indicate that there are an almost equal number of black and white industrial engineers, yet the majority of black industrial engineers have technical qualifications, while the majority of white industrial engineers have academic qualifications. The results indicate that this limits the use of black industrial engineers in industry and, consequently, the success of their careers. This in turn means that there are fewer black role models to attract young black students to the discipline. Some preliminary opportunities to unlock the increased transformation of the profession are identified.

Although Industrial Engineering (IE) is a scientific management technology of perfection and improvement of factories, there are many obstacles in the application process of IE in Chinese manufacturing factories. In order to make a platform and environment which can pave a road for the effective implementation of IE, we put forward the concept and construct the framework of IE coordinated implementation. Additionally, the unascertained measurement model is used to evaluate the capability of IE coordinated implementation scientifically in this paper, what is more, the evaluation results can enable the factories to discover, analyze and improve their weaknesses.

Tzu-Liang (Bill) Tseng is an associate professor of Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering at University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). He received his M.S. degree in Decision Sciences at University of Wisconsin-Madison and his Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineering at University of Iowa. His research focuses on the computational intelligence, data mining, bio-informatics and advanced manufacturing. Dr. Tseng published in many refereed journals such as IEEE Transactions, IIE Transaction, Journal of Manufacturing Systems and others. He has been serving as a principle investigator of many research projects, funded by NSF, NASA, DoEd, and KSEF. He is currently serving as an editor of Journal of Computer Standards & Interfaces.

Industrial engineering, with its emphasis on optimizing processes, is theoretically centered on human factors, but in practice, this focus is often underrepresented within complex systems. This paper proposes a paradigm shift by advocating for the integration of Human-centered design principles. HCD offers a robust framework for understanding user needs throughout the design process, leading to the creation of not just efficient, but also usable, effective, and ultimately, sustainable industrial systems. We argue that human-centered design transcends traditional efficiency measures. By incorporating user research methods like ethnographic studies and usability testing, industrial engineers gain deeper insights into user capabilities, limitations, and motivations. This knowledge informs design decisions that optimize not just output, but also human-system interaction, leading to improved safety, operator well-being, and ultimately, increased system effectiveness. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the crucial role of Social Impact Assessment (SIA) within the human-centered design framework for industrial engineering. SIA encourages engineers to move beyond user-centric design and consider the broader societal implications of their creations. This ensures that industrial systems not only function flawlessly for users, but also contribute positively to the surrounding environment and communities. By outlining a potential workflow that integrates HCD and SIA, this paper proposes a holistic approach to industrial engineering project development. This approach prioritizes user research, iterative design based on user feedback, and a comprehensive evaluation of potential social impacts. By adopting this methodology, industrial engineers can redefine efficiency, creating not just productive but also user-centric, sustainable, and socially responsible systems that contribute to a more equitable future.

The purpose of this paper is to design a simulation sandbox system, which provides a network platform for industrial engineering students to exercise professional skills. The industrial engineering simulation sandbox system can enable users to apply the theory of production management, inventory management, and financial management to the actual analysis and management of the simulated enterprise. It can be used not only in teaching but also for corporate training and management innovation. The system designed in this paper establishes a system structure framework including strategic control, production planning, procurement and sales management, financial management and human resource management. During the design of the system, a model is built to simulate the main characteristics of a typical manufacturing enterprise, which uses a web platform to integrate the theory of industrial engineering with the practical activities of business operations. It uses the idea of role-experience. Students can learn industrial engineering ideas, cultivate team cooperation spirit, and comprehensively improve the ability to manage the operation of enterprises during the exercise process. This will greatly help improve students’ industrial engineering quality. The system also has a good supporting role for training managers of advanced production control systems.

The paper deals with industrial business engineering as an answer to the challenge of the sixth technological set up. The main idea is to integrate engineering and managerial education in one program. The experience and perspectives of joint German-Russian bachelor and Muster programs in the field of Industrial business education are analyzed. The authors debate the contradictions between “pure engineering” and “pure managerial” versions of university education giving their vision of answers to challenges of the new technological set up.

The paper presents the agile approach in industrial engineering and discusses similar ways of agile development in different disciplines. Societal changes and technological innovation brought significant changes in the market, leading to highly demanding users and frequent changes in product design. Agile is implemented in different disciplines as a response to current changes in the market. Industry 4.0 as part of 'High-Tech Strategy 2020 for Germany' involves agile principles and brings latest technological trends in production process. Agile framework was firstly used in manufacturing but along with that it started to develop as a lightweight framework in software development. Agile is interdisciplinary and brings flexibility to organization. For successful implementation of agile principles, experiences and recommendations from all the industries should be used.

Research and Community Service Unit Politeknik ATI Makassar is proud to present The 2019 International Scientific Meeting on Engineering and Its Vocational Education (ISMEVD) 2019 held on 31 October 2019. The event was also attended by Director of Politeknik ATI Makassar Ir. Amrin Rapi, ST., MT., Assistant Director I Windi Mudriadi, ST., MT., Assistant Director II Herlina Rahim, ST., M.Sc., and Assistant Director III Ir. Muhammad Basri, MM. This event was also attended by Head of Research and Service Unit, Merla Madjid, SS., M.Hum., Head of Professional Certification Unit Dr. Sariwahyuni, SP. M.Sc., Head of Teaching Factory Dr. Eng. Abdul Nasser Arifin, ST., M. Eng., Head of Business Incubator Widya Hastuti A., S.Si.T., MM., Ph.D., Head of Internal Quality Assurance Unit Drs. Haruddin. MM, as well as the academic community, lecturers, and researchers from polytechnic, other Ministry of Industry work units, and more than 100 participants and seminar invitations. The event was opened by the master ceremony and continued with the report of the committee chairman Dr. Eng. Abdul Nasser Arifin, ST., Men, followed by welcome and introduction for invited participants, guest speakers, and seminar participants from the Director of Polytechnics ATI, Ir. Amrin Rapi, MT. Dr.Ir. H. Masjono, M. Eng., Head of Quality Assurance and the moderator of the event, then gave insights on the theme of this seminar. The main event of the seminar was speeches from guest speakers. The first speaker was Prof. Dr. Isa Setiyasah Toha, M.Sc., who has gladly accepted the committee’s invitation to become one of the main speakers at this seminar. He is a Professor of ITB Industrial Engineering and currently serves as Director of Politeknik Industri Logam Morowali and an academic senate member of Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung. Currently, he is also an editor/reviewer in the ITENAS journal, ITS technology journal, Gema Teknik UNS, and ITB industry engineering and management journal. In his speech, he emphasized the role of a polytechnic in process technology. He discussed how to increase the role of engineering technology education in polytechnics, especially in the field of process technology, materials, and process engineering technology. After the tea break, the event continued with the second guest speaker, Prof. Kuan Yew Wong. He is a professor of Industrial Engineering and leads the Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Group at the Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), and working in close collaboration with industries and other stakeholders to develop and implement solutions for operational improvement. Prof. Wong discusses his research on the development of an integrated sustainability assessment method for the food manufacturing industry.All the expert talks were quite engaging, and knowledge filled. The participants were actively involved and appreciative of the quality of the expert sessions delivered.Merla Madjid, SS. M.HumChair - ISMEVD 2019Department of Agro-Industry Manufacturing EngineeringUPPM Politeknik ATI Makassar, Indonesia

Significant global shifts have inundated the production of automotive components over the past few years. To meet global "Sustainable Development Goals," the industry is moving from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles. The fourth industrial revolution has changed the current phase of global manufacturing's competitiveness and can potentially increase competitiveness in the future. Because of this shift, manufacturers of automotive components now need different skill sets. Consequently, a better alignment of graduate attributes with evolving industry demands is necessary to create sustainable job opportunities for industrial and mechanical engineering graduates expected to fill critical roles in the automotive manufacturing industry. This paper presents the findings of an investigation into the engineering programs of higher education institutions within South Africa and how the engineering graduate attributes in the mechanical and industrial programs align with the automotive industry demands. The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution has caused significant upheaval in employment stability. Apprentices are being phased out of the workforce and replaced by smart machines. The automobile industry has seen revolutionary changes in its production methods in the last century. Conversely, higher institutions have not implemented major curriculum changes and still practice traditional teaching processes. The technology used in the average classroom has barely changed in the past three to four decades. The study's overarching goal was to create a model that colleges and universities can use to close the skills gaps through curriculum updates that better prepare students for success in the workplace. The automotive sector and academic institutions collaborated on an action research project to develop this framework. A framework emerged from the study aimed at assessing how well higher education institutions meet the needs of industries, and it shows the required measures to remain competitive.

Testing is an important activity in engineering of industrial embedded software. In certain application domains (e.g., railway industry) engineering software is certified according to safety standards that require extensive software testing procedures to be applied for the development of reliable systems. Mutation analysis is a technique for creating faulty versions of a software for the purpose of examining the fault detection ability of a test suite. Mutation analysis has been used for evaluating existing test suites, but also for generating test suites that detect injected faults (i.e., mutation testing). To support developers in software testing, we propose a technique for producing test cases using an automated test generation approach that operates using mutation testing for software written in IEC 61131-3 language, a programming standard for safety-critical embedded software, commonly used for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). This approach uses the Uppaal model checker and is based on a combined model that contains all the mutants and the original program. We applied this approach in a tool for testing industrial PLC programs and evaluated it in terms of cost and fault detection. For realistic validation we collected industrial experimental evidence on how mutation testing compares with manual testing as well as automated decision-coverage adequate test generation. In the evaluation, we used manually seeded faults provided by four industrial engineers. The results show that even if mutation-based test generation achieves better fault detection than automated decision coverage-based test generation, these mutation-adequate test suites are not better at detecting faults than manual test suites. However, the mutation-based test suites are significantly less costly to create, in terms of testing time, than manually created test suites. Our results suggest that the fault detection scores could be improved by considering some new and improved mutation operators (e.g., Feedback Loop Insertion Operator (FIO)) for PLC programs as well as higher-order mutations.