Information load in escalation situations: combustive agent or counteractive measure?

Nowaday humanity lives in a super information world, which is marked by an increase in volume of auditory and visual information, the acceleration of change in the objective and the spirit world, increase information load in the form of electromagnetic waves caused by man. This can lead to information overload, the essence of which is that the amount of useful information coming exceed the objective possibilities of perception. The singular group, which is over loaded by information – the students. The aim of the presented work was to identify the relationship between psychophysiological indices and vegetative adaptive responses of the students from the Dnepropetrovsk National University of Oles Gonchar on information overload, which may form the basis for the formation of curricula and educational work in high school and would like to offer some prognostic model of the functional state of the students in today's environment. The study involved 120 students volunteer 2–3 courses of natural specialties Dnepropetrovsk National University of Oles Gonchar. To determine the physiological features and functional state of the students the program «Psychodiagnostics» was used. For registration of heart rate variability a heart rate monitor POLAR RS800CX was used. Testing was conducted before and after the information load. Information load carried by means of tests Schulte, Bourdon and Gorbova granted in computerized form. In boys enrolled in natural specialties found high rates of properties of neural processes. Under the influence of information load indicator latent period of reaction time choosing two out of three was significantly decreased by 15 % and the rate of functional mobility of nervous processes that characterize the strength of nervous processes significantly decreased by 17 %. Mobility and balance the nervous processes when information load decreased. These changes in performance can indicate the presence of an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system stress due to information load. Resulting in uneven tasks and the lack of a clear rhythm work. Under the influence of information load significantly increased capacity is very high-frequency range (VLF, ms2) and total power (Total, ms2). Exceeding the indicator VLF, may indicate an increased influence of humoral-metabolic mechanisms regulating heart rate. There is a tendency to increase of high-capacity and low-frequency spectra, and reduce the percentage of very low-frequency (HF) range. Also, the rate of vago-sympathetic tone (LF/HF) 2 times higher than normal, which may indicate the presence sympathicotonia. Indicators spectral analysis of heart rate variability was significantly increased, the rate of the average standard deviation (SDNN) increased by 23 % and the prevalence rate of parasympathetic regulation of sympathetic link link (pNN50) by 37 %. These changes indicate activation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system and low adaptive capacities of the autonomic nervous system. Our investigations have shown that young natural specialties of Dnepropetrovsk National University of Oles Gonchar are influenced by information load significantly deteriorated physiological parameters and heart rate variability. Infringement of autonomic adaptive responses leads to a decline in physical and mental performance of boys.

Effect of IS variables on information acquisition modes: An experimental investigation

The impact of DSS use and information load on errors and decision quality

When new product development shows signs of failure, decision makers often face a difficult dilemma: either to cancel the project or to continue investing resources, hoping for success. On many occasions, managers choose to persist with their investments beyond a point that could be considered rational, a phenomenon that has been called escalation of commitment. To understand what drives individuals to escalate commitment, we conducted a randomized experiment investigating three predicting factors: overconfidence arising from past correct decisions, overconfidence arising from how probability information is presented, and responsibility. Our paper contributes to the literature by showing that correct decisions do not necessarily lead to overconfidence or escalated commitment. Instead, it is only when a correct decision leads to a positive outcome that escalation of commitment occurs. Regarding overconfidence arising from how probability information is presented, we found that when statistical information is framed in a positive way, individuals become more overconfident but that overconfidence does not translate into higher escalation of commitment. Our results indicate that knowing that an individual is overconfident is not enough to predict whether they will escalate their commitment; we also need to know the source of this overconfidence. In the case of responsibility, we find a connection between felt responsibility for the project and escalation of commitment to it.

Purpose: Although information is a core element of reward crowdfunding success, the subjective perception of information has received little research attention. Consequently, the influence of campaign information on backers’ support decisions and, in turn, campaign performance, remains unclear. Study Design: Based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM), this study implemented an experiment presenting central and peripheral informational cues for persuasion at two information load levels for two types of products (2 × 2 × 2). Data were analyzed using logistic regression and R. Findings: The results show that crowdfunding backers implement a two-step decision process when considering campaign support. In the first step, objective and perceived information loads influence backers’ intention to support a campaign. In the second step, the role of information load becomes less pronounced, and decisions about reward level and social media sharing are influenced by the characteristics of the backers and product. Contribution: The study provides insights into the influences of objective and perceived information load and their interaction while providing evidence for a two-step decision-making process by backers. Implications: The findings indicate that while rational and emotional information are important in backers’ decision to support a campaign and share it with others, too much rational information may trigger overload and deter support. Furthermore, for specific products, emotional information brings value when it is coupled with low rational information load.

To determine the attitudes of adults presenting to primary care services toward cancer screening, information overload, and mythical causes of cancer. Descriptive and correlational type study. The research was conducted face-to-face with 702 adults. The data were collected using a personal information form, the Attitude Scale for Cancer Screening, Cancer Information Overload Scale, and Cancer Awareness Measure Mythical Causes Scale, and evaluated using multivariate analysis of variance. It was determined that adults with chronic diseases, who did not have sufficient information about cancer, who did not have cancer screening, and who thought that cancer was a disease that could not be prevented, had low scores on attitudes towards cancer screening. It was found that adults who were male, literate, had no cancer screening and thought that cancer was an unpreventable disease had a high cancer knowledge burden. Adults who thought that cancer was an unpreventable disease and did not know the causes of cancer had a high rate of mythical causes of cancer. It was determined that adults' attitudes toward cancer screening were negative, information overload was moderate, and awareness was at a low level. Health promotion and promotion strategies should be developed to increase cancer screening and awareness for these groups, public awareness campaigns should be organized, and evidence-based structured interventions should be implemented. These recommended practices can positively influence adults' attitudes towards cancer screening, enable them to manage cancer information effectively, and help them understand the proven causes of cancer.

The impact of computer-mediated communication systems on biased group discussion

Contrasting neural effects of aging on proactive and reactive response inhibition

A three (message appeal: supportive, brand X, and comparative) by two (product class utility: social and functional) by three (information load: low, medium, and high) factorial experimental design (with covariates) was used to explore communications effectiveness of the three modes of advertising appeals. ANOVA results show that the comparative mode appears to be superior only for the affective responses to the ad itself. The brand X mode of message appeal generally is superior to other modes for cognitive, affective, and conative responses toward the promoted brand. However, the differences are only partially significant at p < .05. In no case is the supportive mode superior. Some weak evidence of information overload is also uncovered. Several personality variables did not have significant effects on the relative effectiveness of the different appeals. Lack of substantial interaction effects among the three factors indicates that advertisers can determine message appeal, amount of information provided, and type of products to be promoted independently of each other.

Previous studies conducted to derive the global command and control (C2) information requirements revealed categories or “windows” of information needed for the Theater High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system. The experiment reported here was conducted to determine the optimal presentation of local features for one global area of the interface: equipment status monitoring. Participants from the Army Air Defense School performed THAAD tasks under two levels of information load, using four equipment status designs: two alphanumeric (tabular data), a schematic (iconic diagrams), and a combination alphanumeric-schematic. Task time and accuracy were analyzed using a repeated measures factorial ANOVA. The results showed the combination alphanumeric-schematic status design produced the best performance across task and information load conditions, while the alphanumeric designs produced the worst performance. Nevertheless, results suggest that all designs may be interchangeable for simplistic recognition and low loading tasks, but task complexity will favor a combination design for the final THAAD interface.

Effects of initial crack positions and load levels on creep failure behavior in P92 steel welded joint

We investigated the variation of the emission properties of tetramethylammonium ion-containing faujasite zeolite treated with bis-(perfluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (PMS) as a function of the Nd(III)-loading level. The emission intensity increased with the Nd(III)-loading level. The emission decays did not follow simple first-order kinetics and the average lifetime became longer with increasing Nd(III)-loading level. It was found that at low Nd(III)-loading levels, Nd(PMS)3 complexes formed with coordinating water molecules in the supercage of the zeolite, resulting in rapid emission with a lifetime of less than 40 μs. On the other hand, the components with lifetimes longer than 100 μs observed at high loading levels were attributed to [Nd(PMS)]−zeolite complexes without coordinating water molecules. The zeolites with high Nd(III)-loading levels gave more efficient emission due to the large contribution of the complex in the zeolite that emitted more efficiently. The suppression of energy migration among the Nd(III) ions by co-exchanging with La(III) led to more efficient near-IR emission of Nd(III) complexes encaged in the faujasite-type zeolite.

In a previous study, an unexpected u-shaped relationship was observed between load level and fatigue/recovery responses. Moderate load levels resulted in lower perceived discomfort, pain, and fatigue, and shorter recovery times compared to either low or high load levels. This phenomenon has been reported in other studies, but no article has examined the possible mechanisms that might explain this u-shaped relationship. In this paper, we re-examined the previously published data and found that the phenomenon does not appear to be due to the experimental artefact; the u-shape may be due to unexpectedly lower fatigue effects at moderate loads, and higher fatigue effects at lower loads. We then conducted a literature review and identified several possible physiological, perceptual, and biomechanical explanatory mechanisms. No single mechanism explains the entirety of the phenomenon. Further research is needed on the relationship between work exposures, fatigue, and recovery, and the mechanisms related to the u-shaped relationship. Practitioner summary: We examine a previously observed u-shaped relationship between load level and fatigue/recovery, where moderate force resulted in lower perceived fatigue and shorter recovery times. A u-shaped fatigue response suggests that simply minimising load levels might not be an optimal approach to reduce the risk of workplace injuries.

Fatigue cracking has hitherto been a crucial constraint on the development of reclaimed asphalt pavements attributed to the performance of rejuvenated asphalt binder. Therefore, it is extremely significant to evaluate the fatigue performance of rejuvenated asphalt precisely and objectively and to improve the fatigue life of rejuvenated asphalt binders. With preceding research in our group, this paper investigated the fatigue properties of waste rubber/oil (WRO) rejuvenated asphalt and universal rejuvenated asphalt by dynamic shear rheometer test (DSR). The applicability of common fatigue life evaluation indexes and the response to internal and external influences on the fatigue performance of rejuvenated asphalt were analyzed. It is demonstrated that Np20 corresponding to the mutagenesis of phase angle is physically significant and independent of the parameters including rejuvenator type, loading mode and loading level, which was recommended as the evaluation index for fatigue life of rejuvenated asphalt in this paper. The fatigue performance of both WRO and universal rejuvenated asphalt is found to decrease with loading frequency and loading level, but the fatigue life of WRO rejuvenated asphalt is comparatively superior to the latter, particularly at high loading frequencies and levels. Influenced by waste tire crumb rubber (WTCR), increasing the proportion of WTCR can improve the fatigue life of rejuvenated asphalt. When compared to other rejuvenated asphalt, RWRO@55 rejuvenated asphalt shows better fatigue performance and its fatigue life rebounds at high loading frequency. Consequently, the recommended mastic-oil ratio is 5:5. However, when the rheological recoverability compensation is considered, the fatigue lifetime evaluation of rejuvenated asphalt will be changed significantly, and therefore the fatigue performance evaluation of rejuvenated asphalt should consider the influence of rheological recoverability to develop a comprehensive evaluation system.

Fatigue behavior of dissimilar friction stir spot welds between A6061 and AZ31 fabricated by a scroll grooved tool without probe