Information security of food security

This book chapter delves into the dynamic landscape of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in agriculture, offering a comprehensive overview of its applications and potential. It examines a wide range of ICT tools, including social media, print and electronic media, web portals, and digital agriculture platforms, highlighting their pivotal role in agriculture. Furthermore, the chapter explores the transformative technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), blockchain technology, and big data analytics in the context of agriculture. By providing a primer on these technologies, it equips readers with a foundational understanding of their functionalities. The chapter emphasizes the importance of leveraging ICT and emerging technologies to optimize agricultural processes, improve resource efficiency, and enhance decision-making capabilities with the summary of successful integration and implementation of ICT in agriculture, promoting sustainable agricultural practices and food security in a rapidly evolving digital era

Indonesian “Working Cabinet” 2014-2019 is placing more attention on agricultural sector, particularly self-sufficiency program for major food crops such as rice, corn/maize and soybean. The government has been planning to achieve self-sufficiency in rice production by 2016, corn production by 2017 and soybean production by 2018. Indonesian government has also inspired to renewed enthusiasm to use new information and communication technologies (ICTs) for agricultural services. Driven by significant role of ICT, research institute, universities, and related associations have actively involved in ICT application in agriculture for recent years. The aim of the paper is to review/analyze role, potential and contribution of ICT in agriculture and to explore opportunities for use of IT in various fields of agricultural sector in Indonesia. The paper reviews and analyzes various ICT-based information dissemination models application in agriculture. In addition, success story of ICT applications in agriculture are presented i.e. Application of Standing Crop for Rice Monitoring, Modeling of maize self sufficiency in Indonesia, KATAM: Cropping Calendar, Android based Tani Hub Application, Pantau Harga: Android application for agricultural prices monitoring, SMS based cropping area monitoring, e-Rice consultation services version 1.0, and e-IRKB: Online based Indonesia Rice Knowledge Bank. The findings provide a useful direction for researcher and practitioners in developing future ICT based information dissemination systems. ICT tools ensuring farmers and increases their capacity to make effective and informed decisions.

With the advent of the digital era in the middle of the 20th century and the German government's introduction of Industry 4.0 in 2011, conventional industries shifted into an economy built on massive Internet and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The ICTs such as big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), mobile devices, artificial intelligence, 5G network, etc., are not only being used in a variety of businesses but also by an increasing number of people globally. There is no doubt that the use of digital technology in a variety of sectors has effectively increased productivity and decreased costs. Digital agriculture is one of the logical conclusions of Industry 4.0 growth. However, implementing ICT in agriculture may be severely hampered by the risks associated with digital agriculture. One of the main obstacles is unclear Digital Agricultural Education (DAE), a market gap formed by the explosive rise of digital agriculture but with little research. In this exploratory study, we used content analysis as a research methodology, aimed to comprehend Hungary's efforts in digital agriculture education and investigate the challenges by presenting practical examples.

The role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in freight transport as key enabler is well recognised. However the uptake of recent ICT advances for multimodal freight transport provisions in the UK and Europe has been slow. The aim of our paper is to explore the potential reasons for such a slow adoption and assess how recent technological advances such as cloud computing and Internet of Things might have changed the landscape and thus help to overcome these barriers. Via an extensive review of 33 EU framework programme projects, we are able to consolidate and present current major efforts in ICT developments in the freight multimodal transport setting at European level. We further discuss barriers inhibiting quick take-up of ICT applications in multimodal transport. Resolutions were then explored by reviewing four key ICT development trends recently emerging and evaluating their potential impact in reducing such barriers for deployment. Our contribution is two-fold: it advances current knowledge by presenting an up-to-date overview of existing and emerging ICT applications in the field of multimodal transport and barriers to e-enabled multimodal transport. It also captures some of the best practices in industry and aims to provoke a debate among practitioners and academics via the analysis of how innovative use of recent technological developments could potentially lower the barriers to multimodal ICT adoption and lead to a more integrated freight transport network. Therefore it lays the foundation for further research.

Agriculture is a strategic process of producing food and fibre to supply basic requirements. Its strategic importance has been tested many times throughout history in conflicts among nations and also by environmental constraints. The increase in world population is an additional and significant factor. In an increasingly turbulent environment, the survival and growth of agricultural production could be aided through the effective use of information and communication technology (ICT). This article aims to shed light on the current state of ICT in Turkish agriculture by evaluating data published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK). In addition, the author discusses barriers to and the promise of the use of ICT in agriculture.

Information and communication technology (ICT) has changed and continues to change almost every aspect of our daily lives. Our personal lives, social interactions, educational systems, business atmosphere, and corporate culture-everything has changed in one way or another due to advances in the field of ICT. The construction industry is no exception. ICT provides an unprecedented opportunity as well as enormous challenges to the construction industry.

The grey side of ICT

PurposeThis study was conducted to investigate the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in special libraries in Kerala, India.Design/methodology/approachThe following methods were used to collect data for the study: questionnaire survey of librarians and library users, semi‐structured interviews with librarians, and observational visits in the libraries. This study was confined only to the automated special libraries in Kerala.FindingsThe analyses revealed that though the libraries had hardware, software, and communication facilities to some extent, ICT‐based resources and services were not reaching the users to the expected extent. Library automation in special libraries in Kerala was largely commenced during the period 1990‐2000. CDS/ISIS was used more in the libraries than any other software. The library catalogue found to be the most popular area for automation. The ICT‐based resource used by the largest percentage of the users was the e‐mail. Most of the libraries were hampered by lack of funds, lack of infrastructure, and lack of skilled professionals to embark on automation of all library management activities and application of ICT. A good number of the library users were not satisfied with the application of ICT in their libraries and indicated “inadequate ICT infrastructure” as their major reason for dissatisfaction. They proposed a variety of measures of formal orientation and training on ICT to become more effective users.Originality/valueThe study provides recommendations to enhance library automation and effective and efficient application of ICT.

PurposeThere are guidelines for information and communication technology (ICT) applications which are already established in manufacturing. These guidelines include recommendations such as: alignment of ICT applications with strategy, involvement of the full range of stakeholders, and careful planning and monitoring. A recommendation from outside of manufacturing is that information and communication design should be carried out in conjunction with ICT applications. The purpose of the research reported in this paper is to investigate the relevance of information and communication design to applications of advanced ICTs used in the instruction of manual skills.Design/methodology/approachLiterature review, interviews, and five quasi‐experimental studies are used.FindingsThe design of information and its communication is relevant to the instruction of manual skills with ICTs and, in particular, important for instruction with augmented reality (AR).Research limitations/implicationsThere are only 92 participants in the five quasi‐experimental studies.Practical implicationsThis paper provides an overview of information and communication design issues. Examples are provided of how these issues manifest themselves in the application of advanced ICTs, such as virtual reality and AR, which can be used in the instruction of manual skills.Originality/valueThe originality of the research reported in this paper is that it goes beyond further investigation of established guidelines for ICT applications. The value of this paper is that it draws attention to the potential of information and communication design to improve ICTs implementations. It also draws attention to the need for balanced comparisons in the assessment of all ICTs prior to their implementation.

E-judiciary, meaning application of information and communication technologies (ICTs), in justice delivery mechanism is a global phenomenon as inordinate delay in settling disputes resulting in backlogs of cases is one of the common problems in access to justice in almost every judicial system. In Bangladesh, the backlog of cases has become a huge problem, creating a bottleneck in access to justice. Globally, case management is considered an approach appropriate to resolve the problem of delayed justice. Its attraction and utility lie in the ability of the mechanism to provide predictability in the administration of justice. ICTs are now regarded as essential tools for effective case management in addition to delivery of judicial services in an efficient manner. Realising its value as well as benefits, the judiciary of other countries like Australia, Malaysia, and India is using ICTs for reducing the backlog of cases and delivery of justice in an effective way. The countries have already modified their laws as such. To solve Bangladesh’s problem of delayed justice, a project for introducing ICTs in the judiciary has been launched by the Supreme Court of Bangladesh to facilitate prompt and efficient delivery of justice as well as necessary information to the litigants and the public. Hence, this article seeks to highlight the implications of ICTs in the justice delivery mechanism in Bangladesh. This study adopts the qualitative approach of research where primary and secondary data have been gathered from various statutes as well as existing literature. To underline the role of ICTs in making justice accessible, experiences of Australia, Malaysia and India have been shared in this paper. The paper finds that the application of ICTs in the judiciary can make a substantial impact in enhancing access to justice by reducing the backlog of cases. Therefore, the paper recommends that for ensuring access to justice, the application of ICTs in the justice delivery mechanism should be enhanced in Bangladesh.

Danish parties have adopted new information and communication technologies (ICT) and thereby introduced new online party activities facilitated by these new technologies. However, the application as of 2000–01, the time of the party member survey applied here, is still limited and the online participation of party members is not substantially changing the character of party member participation. However, even though limited the application of ICT does make a difference. Most members who are active online are also active offline. Hence, party members attending traditionally party meetings – in particular officeholders – participate more online than other members. But some otherwise passive party members are mobilised by activities facilitated by ICTs. Hence, the application of ICT has an impact on the amount of party activity. Furthermore, the representativeness of party member activity is affected by the application of ICTs. When compared to voters and party members in general, the age representativeness is ameliorated, whereas the education and gender representativeness are exacerbated. In sum, even though limited, the application of ICT within Danish parties has an impact on the character of party member participation.

The Sustainable Development of ICTs in China: An Empirical Study of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Most South Asian countries suffer huge damages and losses during disasters. Much of this can possibly be avoided through right information at the right time to the right people. However, governments and institutions in the region tend to treat Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as a onetime adoption for service delivery of the routine kind. South Asian countries have spent a hefty sum on e-governance projects and invested heavily in ICT infrastructures. They have been fast to adopt ICTs and create cyber cities to expand business and marketing hubs so much so that ICT applications have brought a ‘data tsunami’. This has given rise to a new subset of ICT called Big Data (BD). BD may be rendered useless or lie unused if appropriate Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems do not interpret and resolve the instructions in the BD messages. While these countries suffer a phenomenal lack of trained personnel for reordering data and finding in it a key to growth they also suffer from AI systems and regulations which enhance capacity to govern disaster risk and vulnerable situations. If governments do not simultaneously generate capacity to reorder, select and classify this uncontrollable flow of data, the most likely consequence would be derailment of GDP promotion efforts. South Asian countries need skilled personnel to analyse this almost arbitrary and wild communicational parameters of social media, marketing and commercial sites. Data needs to be analysed, grafted and cleaned before it is stored in ICT storage spaces within each country which would more likely to be AI-enabled to analyse, interpret and resolve problems of identification, time and warning systems. In terms of traditional public administration this is equivalent to storing file information systematically in accordance to its subject, relevance and priority, subsequently discarding the waste unmindfully stuffed in office cupboards and storehouses. South Asian ICT infrastructure is likely to become a living office which does not become too overwhelming and gargantuan for managers to seek any information out of it but slim, sophisticated and fast acting learning machines to respond appropriately with a solution. Most institutions such as legislatures, Judiciary and Election Commission to name a few would get better connected to the National, State and District Disaster Management Authorities. BD and AI have capacity to revolutionize disaster management but is governance structures ready to enhance its capacity to govern?

Increasingly, local communities develop projects and grassroots initiatives that address climate change and environmental sustainability issues. These projects often commence informally and adopt web-based free information and communication technologies (ICT) applications to support their functioning. ICT applications are used to promote the goals of the project, to recruit more supporters and to facilitate debate among citizens sympathetic to the cause of environmental stewardship. However, as some of these projects evolve they become more complex. Struggling with lack of funding, the solution is to imaginatively combine free web-based ICT applications, to adapt existing open source applications, and even to develop customized solutions. We present the results of an exploratory case study of a grassroots initiative with environmental sustainability goals. The study shows some evidence of innovative practices in the appropriation of ICTs and in the communication campaign. Implications of this research for online communities and society are also discussed.

This research was conducted based on the problems of using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) towards teachers’ performance in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi Tasikmalaya. Due to the lack of expertise in using ITC, and the use of foreign languages that did not understand that system, so the teachers should have to carry out training, perseverance and discipline by using that ICT. The aim of the research is to determine how to due the application of information and communication technology can be impact to the teacher’s performance with the use of application of ICT in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi. This research used descriptive quantitative method. The population of this study were 68 teachers in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi. The sample was selected by using saturated sample method. The instrument of this research were taken interview, observation and questionnaire. The research instrument was tested by means of validity and reliability test. The results of this study indicated that the application of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi is in poor classification, teachers’ performance in SMA Negeri 1 Ciawi is in good classification, and there is a significant relationship between the Application of ICT to Teachers’ Performance in SMA 1 Ciawi.