Information Technology Model for Product Lifecycle Engineering

This chapter presents the main principles, features, applications, and future development of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. In more than 30 years of evolution, ERP systems have undertaken a significant transformation from function‐specific applications to fully integrated process‐driven systems that operate over the Internet. ERP is identified as an extended enterprise management system that integrates traditional ERP applications (manufacturing, distribution, financials, human resources, marketing, and sales) with supply chain management (SCM), customer relationship management (CRM), and B2B e‐commerce applications. The chapter describes the main ERP principles—integration and automation—as well as ERP features—process‐driven systems, single database, company‐wide information, scalability, etc. It also focuses on the ERP groups of applications emphasizing the core applications, application enhancements, and e‐commerce solutions. The chapter details ERP benefits and drawbacks. It discusses ERP solutions for various industries and small companies and presents ERP hosting utilizing applications service providers (ASP). Finally, the chapter describes the ERP selection and implementation process, concentrating on selection criteria and implementation measurements.

Business needs have driven the design, development, and use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. Intra-enterprise integration was a driving force in the design, development, and use of early ERP systems, but increased globalization, intense competition, and technological change have shifted to focus to inter-enterprise integration. Current and evolving ERP systems thus reflect the expanded scope of integration, with greater emphasis on things like supply chain management and customer relationship management. This manuscript explores the evolution of ERP, the current status of ERP, and the future of ERP, with the objective of promoting relevant future research in this important area. If researchers hope to play a significant role in the design, development, and use of suitable ERP systems to meet evolving business needs, then their research should focus, at least in part, on the changing business environment, its impact on business needs, and the requirements for enterprise systems that meet those needs.

Open source ERP business model framework

The impact of enterprise systems on corporate performance: A study of ERP, SCM, and CRM system implementations

This volume shows how ICT (information and communications technology) can play the role of a driver of business process reengineering (BPR). ICT can aid in enabling improvement in BPR activity cycles as it provides many components that enhance performance that can lead to competitive advantages. IT can interface with BPR to improve business processes in terms of communication, inventory management, data management, management information systems, customer relationship management, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and computer-aided engineering. This volume explores these issues in depth.

The use of computer-aided design (CAD) and associated computer-aided engineering (CAE) in microelectronic design is well developed. CAD tools for design, simulation, and verification are in wide use. (For convenience, all tools, whether used for design, simulation, or verification, will be genetically referred to in this paper as “CAD”.) CAD toolsets have been developed for semi-custom design, for example, with gate arrays, making VLSI truly accessible to a broad range of customers. On the manufacturing side, computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) tools for scheduling, lot tracking, and process control are routinely used.

Purpose– This paper aims to identify the relationship between national culture, enterprise application (EA) implementations and firm value for a sample of the largest and most actively traded firms in Japan, the United Kingdom and the USA. The study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the cultural traits that play a role in successful technological innovation.Design/methodology/approach– Using 11 years of price and accounting data, as well as corporate announcements from English- and Japanese-speaking sources, this study applies event study methodology and fixed-effects regressions to a sample of international adopters of enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management and firm-specific applications.Findings– The results show a country-related contrast in the way investors perceive value in EAs. Investors with national cultures that are more collectivist perceive their firms to be well-prepared to extract value from large-scale technologies. In contrast, individualistic cultures seem to face more implementation challenges.Research limitations/implications– Although the study provides statistically significant results, a larger sample of countries and enterprise systems adopters would further enhance a generalization of results.Practical implications– The empirical results provide evidence of the national culture traits that seem to increase the likelihood of success in enterprise systems implementations as seen from the perspective of actual investors.Originality/value– The empirical study of how multiple EAs (ERP, SCR, CRM and SPECIFIC) and national culture differences interact with a market-based metric of value (stock market prices), while also using an international sample of firms from three distinct regions, is novel to the existent literature.

The economic justification of the sequential adoption of a new manufacturing system

Digital manufacturing has been considered, over the last decade, as a highly promising set of technologies for reducing product development times and cost as well as for addressing the need for customization, increased product quality, and faster response to the market. This paper describes the evolution of information technology systems in manufacturing, outlining their characteristics and the challenges to be addressed in the future. Together with the digital manufacturing and factory concepts, the technologies considered in this paper include computer-aided design, engineering, process planning and manufacturing, product data and life-cycle management, simulation and virtual reality, automation, process control, shopfloor scheduling, decision support, decision making, manufacturing resource planning, enterprise resource planning, logistics, supply chain management, and e-commerce systems. These technologies are discussed in the context of the digital factory and manufacturing concepts.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is paramount in modern business, integrating many fundamental processes such as human resources, economics, customer relationship management, and supply chain management into a comprehensive infrastructure. Leveraging the wide-ranging data apprehended by ERP techniques, an organization could improve its financial analysis abilities, involving bankruptcy prediction. By using analytics methods like predictive modeling and machine learning, the ERP system could examine market trends, historical financial information, key performance indicators, and other related factors to evaluate the financial stability and health of the company. This prediction insight empowers businesses to vigorously detect advanced indicators of financial distress, alleviate risks, and make informed strategic decisions to avoid bankruptcy. Integrating bankruptcy prediction techniques within the ERP system allows organizations to reinforce contingency strategies, financial planning, and risk management, protecting long-term competitiveness and sustainability in a dynamic business environment. This study introduces a Bankruptcy Prediction using the Diophantine Neutrosophic Number for Enterprise Resource Planning (BPDNN-ERP) technique on the value of accounting information. The BPDNN-ERP technique begins with a harmony search algorithm (HSA) for electing feature subsets. In addition, the BPDNN-ERP technique applies the DNN model for the prediction of bankruptcies. To increase the performance of the DNN model, the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) model can be used. The experimental study demonstrated the enhanced performance of the BPDNN-ERP algorithm equated to existing forecasting methods

The article considers the problems of IT development in the power industry. During the studies the analysis of the competitive advantages of information technologies was carried out and the following functional features of information systems were revealed: Material Requirements Planning (MRP), Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Enterprise Resource & Relationship Processing (ERP II), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM). The authors also justify the incentives for the development of intelligent technologies in the electric power industry. The main purpose of the study was to substantiate that management capabilities based on IT create the conditions for innovative development of the industry. The digitalization of the energy sector, intelligent metering and distribution systems for the electric power present new requirements for the training of IT specialists. Analysis of the main current IT trends in the power sector helps to justify the need for the use of the Internet services during laboratory work in the educational process.

The acceptance and use of customer relationship management (CRM) systems: An empirical study of distribution service industry in Taiwan

Computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)/computer-aided engineering (CAE) integration offers designers, analysts, and manufacturers the opportunity to share data efficiently throughout the product development process. CAM for NC programing and tool design integrated with solid model data from CAD systems represents a large portion of the CAD/CAM/CAE domain. Sustained integration whereby successive changes to a CAD model are reintegrated with downstream applications is considered the most advanced and useful integration. Sustained integration is typically maintained when working in a homogeneous CAD/CAM environment. However, when working with applications that do not share a common environment (i.e., heterogeneous integration), sustained integration fails, and this lack of sustained integration can result in a loss of detailed information as a design progresses through the engineering design process. In the current paper, the authors discuss and demonstrate a novel approach to achieve sustained integration when working in heterogeneous CAD/CAM environments. After providing basic background information to establish a context, then discussing state-of-the-art and emerging solutions, the paper discusses virtual persistent identifiers as described via design change vectors (VPI/DCV). A series of three case studies shows sustained integration based on neutral formats like STEP working as well as that observed in homogeneous environments. This novel approach demonstrates success as a generic solution using common export formats from the current CAD systems and avoids the need to establish any new standards to achieve sustained integration. The paper finishes with a summary of observations learned from these case studies along with possible future research topics.

High quality and low-cost factors are among the main components of manufacturing. Nowadays, businesses need to keep up with technological innovations in order to meet these factors and survive in a competitive environment. These require the use of high-performance computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) technologies in order to manufacture products faster, inexpensively, flexibly and more efficiently. These technologies generally include computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), industrial robotics, automated material handling systems, group technology, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), rapid prototyping (RP) operations and computer numerical controlled (CNC) machines. The main purpose of these advancements is to provide higher labour efficiency and flexibility, lower production time and a reduction of direct labour requirements. In this chapter, the effects of CIM technologies on manufacturing processes as well as product quality will be comparatively analysed. The effect of the internet of things (IoT), cyber-physical service (CPS) and cloud computing (CC) on smart manufacturing systems, which can be operated and integrated with CIM and contribute to increasing manufacturing efficiency by using information, will be revealed in detail.

Cloud computing is a state-of-the-art Internet technology being recently adapted by enterprises. The cloud computing models are implemented by business to improve existing practices. With improvement in the standards of the Web and affordability of mobile devises, the customer has accepted the online way of shopping. Cloud computing has been extensively used to deliver e-commerce, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). E-commerce models have undergone considerable changes in order to attract customers online. This chapter showcases the requirement of e-commerce model to integrate cloud computing technology. This chapter puts forward cloud computing applications for E-commerce, CRM and ERP by describing the significant characteristics of the cloud. For enterprises to bring into play cloud based e-commerce, CRM and ERP, certain significant issues need to be handled. These issues are the points of discussion in the chapter. In addition, the chapter introduces big data framework for building efficient e-commerce framework.