Infrastructure as Code Transforming Enterprise IT Operations

Use of infrastructure as code (IaC) scripts helps software teams manage their configuration and infrastructure automatically. Information technology (IT) organizations use IaC scripts to create and manage automated deployment pipelines to deliver services rapidly. IaC scripts can be defective, resulting in dire consequences, such as creating wide-scale service outages for end-users. Prediction of defective IaC scripts can help teams to mitigate defects in these scripts by prioritizing their inspection efforts. The goal of this paper is to help software practitioners in prioritizing their inspection efforts for infrastructure as code (IaC) scripts by proposing defect prediction model-related metrics. IaC scripts use domain specific languages (DSL) that are fundamentally different from object-oriented programming (OOP) languages. Hence, the OOP-based metrics that researchers used in defect prediction might not be applicable for IaC scripts. We apply Constructivist Grounded Theory (CGT) on defect-related commits mined from version control systems to identify metrics suitable for IaC scripts. By applying CGT, we identify 18 metrics. Of these metrics, 13 are related to IaC, for example, count of string occurrences in a script. Four of the identified metrics are related to churn, and one metric is lines of code.

In the evolving landscape of software development, DevOps has emerged as a pivotal philosophy, blending software development (Dev) with information technology operations (Ops) to shorten the development lifecycle and provide continuous delivery with high software quality.Central to this paradigm is the concept of Infrastructure as Code (IaC), a practice that programmatically manages and provisions infrastructure through code rather than through manual processes. This paper delves into the integral role of IaC in actualizing DevOps objectives, highlighting how it catalyzes automation, ensures consistency and standardization, facilitates rapid deployment, and enhances collaboration. Through a comprehensive analysis, we explore how IaC not only automates and streamlines operations but also embeds compliance and security into the development process, aligning closely with the DevOps ethos of swift, reliable, and frequent deployments. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges inherent in implementingIaC within a DevOps framework and proposes best practices to navigate these complexities effectively.The future of software development and IT operations is envisaged as a continuum where IaC and DevOps co -evolve, paving the way for more agile, efficient, and secure IT infrastructure management.

Software stability and reliability are the core concerns of DevOps. They are improved by tightening the collaboration between developers and operators in cross-functional teams on the one hand and by automating operations through continuous integration (CI) and infrastructure as code (IaC) on the other hand. Ideally, teams in DevOps are fully independent. Still, their applications often depend on each other in practice, requiring them to coordinate their deployment through centralization or manual coordination. With this work, we propose and implement the novel IaC solution µs ([mju:z] ”muse”), which automates deployment coordination in a decentralized fashion. µs is the first approach that is compatible with the DevOps goals as it enables truly independent operations of the DevOps teams. We define our research problem through a questionnaire survey with IT professionals and evaluate the solution by comparing it to other modern IaC approaches, assessing its performance, and applying it to existing IaC programs.

Planning future Multi-Domain Battle (MDB) missions requires extensive, complex, and real-time collaboration and coordination between many Warfighting Functions and Domains such as Electronic Warfare (EW), Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT), Network Operations, and Cyber Operations. This collaboration and coordination requires synchronization of the associated domain processes and activities. Large Infrastructure projects for Command and Control (C2) are designed to integrate and align these processes through Information Technology (IT) services, such as decision aids, collaboration tools, and communication tools. New acquisition initiatives are driving infrastructure development to support the rapid fielding of capabilities through a modular software development approach. State-of-the-Art Shared Infrastructure Services can be developed using Agile Software Development (ASD) methods such as Scrum, Kanban, or Extreme Programming. However, the integration of these IT services cannot be easily planned since they are developed at the technology (i.e., software implementation) level according to the selected ASD method. Engineering the Infrastructure as Code (IaC) results in a gap between doctrinal processes and required system functionality since developers quickly code and configure small functional modular units at the technology level, while bypassing the traditional top-down waterfall flow from requirements to design. Furthermore, IaC does not explicitly require consulting a systems architecture. To improve the alignment of configured IT infrastructure services with doctrinal processes, this paper seeks to determine the extent to which agile Development Operations (DevOps) process can implement C2 doctrine while supporting dynamically-changing mission requirements and an operational environment. This paper proposes an automated Systems Engineering workflow to realize IT infrastructure services using Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) and a military DevOps.

Cloud technologies quickly evolve and require efficient ways to process and deploy data for high operational performance and low cost. This study looks at code-driven automation applied to cloud infrastructure, with a focus on Terraform, Jenkins, and Kubernetes. Automating infrastructure provisioning and application deployments, these tools minimize human intervention and potential human error, thus optimizing operational effectiveness. The findings indicate that code-driven automation not only accelerates deployments but also provides scalability and dependability among many cloud environments, thus ensuring fast and efficient delivery of cloud services. With this strategy, organizations can optimize their cloud operations and resource utilization needs. The research helps to understand how effective automation of processes would improve cloud infrastructure management and service delivery in very dynamic technological times. Keywords—Cloud Infrastructure Management, Code-Driven Automation, Infrastructure as Code (IaC), Automated Deployment, Cloud Efficiency, Resource Utilization, CI/CD Pipelines, Kubernetes.

Contemporary Information Technology (IT) infrastructure, essential to the global economy, requires an unprecedented symbiosis between the physical principles of Telecommunications Engineering and the advanced logics of Software Engineering. This scientific article aims to analyze, from a technical and integrative perspective, how the application of signal processing fundamentals, network theory, and transmission systems enhances the efficiency of modern automation and observability strategies in mission-critical corporate environments. The methodology is based on a systematic bibliographic review and critical analysis of distributed architectures, correlating the robustness of mainframe systems with the agility of hybrid cloud architectures. The implementation of Infrastructure as Code (IaC), microservices orchestration, and data governance are discussed as vectors for mitigating latency and systemic failures. The results indicate that "hyperautomation" is not just a productivity tool, but an engineering imperative to ensure the resilience and security of complex digital ecosystems. It is concluded that the professional profile capable of unifying the rigor of telecommunications hardware with the flexibility of software development is decisive for the technological sustainability of organizations.

The rapid pace of software development and deployment in today's digital world demands an integrated approach to security, particularly in Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines. Traditional approaches to security, where it is added at the end of the development lifecycle, have proven inadequate in addressing the complexities and vulnerabilities introduced by fast-moving development cycles. DevSecOps (Development, Security, and Operations) represents an evolution of the DevOps culture that integrates security as an essential component throughout the development process, rather than as an afterthought. This paper explores the role of DevSecOps in ensuring continuous security integration within CI/CD pipelines, focusing on its principles, practices, and impact on both security and development efficiency. DevSecOps emphasizes the shift-left approach, where security is integrated early in the software development lifecycle (SDLC) to identify and mitigate vulnerabilities before they reach production. By embedding security practices into CI/CD workflows, organizations can achieve continuous security validation and testing in tandem with software development activities. Key components of a successful DevSecOps implementation include automated security testing, real-time vulnerability scanning, infrastructure as code (IaC) security, and threat intelligence integration. Through the use of tools like static application security testing (SAST), dynamic application security testing (DAST), and software composition analysis (SCA), DevSecOps facilitates the continuous monitoring of code, configurations, and infrastructure for security issues. This paper also examines the cultural shift required to adopt DevSecOps within development teams. It highlights the importance of fostering collaboration between development, security, and operations teams to ensure seamless integration of security practices into the CI/CD pipeline. By aligning security teams with development and operations, DevSecOps fosters a culture of shared responsibility for security, breaking down silos that traditionally hinder effective security integration.

The goal is to empirically identify factors that cause difficulties in professionalization among Russian IT specialists. Procedure and methods. The design of the study was implemented as a comparative, correlation (factorial). The sample consisted of 12 IT companies, 148 IT specialists were interviewed, of which 12 people – managers, 48 people – IT specialists working individually, 88 people – a team. Methods: document analysis, observation, surveys and non-standardized interviews, E. Heim's test, the Coping Strategies Indicator method, diagnostics of organizational culture according to Quinn and Cameron, the method of studying professional identity according to L.B. Schneider, motivational profile by Martin and Ritchie. The dominant factors causing difficulties in professionalization have been established. For IT managers – the factor of the relationship between the difficulties of professionalization and the cultural and motivational characteristics of managers. Difficulties: professional communication, the ability to take into account the opinions of others, sedentary work. The dominant need is to establish and maintain long-term stable relationships. For IT professionals working individually: the dominant factors are the skill of self-control and responsibility, the factor includes descriptors: self-control, responsibility, self-organization, non-standard approach to solving problems. The difficulties of professionalization based on the feeling of being in demand in interesting socially useful work, the direct relationship of organizational culture Attitude, professional identity, attentiveness and manifestations of self-organization, a non-standard approach to solving problems, presentation skills are identified. The concern of this group of IT professionals is caused by irregular work schedules, as well as the need for physical training, constantly learning throughout their professional lives, taking into account high competition in the future. For IT professionals working in a team, the leading factor is responsibility, which includes descriptors similar to IT professionals working individually. Here, a direct dependence of the need for influence and power, the desire to lead others are revealed; a persistent desire for competition and influence and an inverse relationship between the need for high wages and material rewards, the desire to have a job with a significant set of benefits and allowances. Dominant motive Recognition. Conflicting with the setting: no friends at work. 2) The relationship between the identified difficulties in the professionalization of IT specialists and their competencies was found: the difficulties in their professionalization were identified at the intersection of personal development indicators and coping strategies used by IT specialists. Theoretical and/or practical significance. The model of identifying factors that cause difficulties in the professionalization of IT specialists has been empirically confirmed, which can become the basis of the Support Program for the professionalization of an IT specialist in real Russian conditions. Цель – эмпирически выявить факторы, взывающие трудности профессионализации у российских ИТ-специалистов. Дизайн исследования реализован как сравнительный, корреляционный (факторный). Выборку составили 12 ИТ-компаний, опрошено 148 ИТ-специалистов, из них 12 чел. – руководители, 48 чел. – ИТ-специалисты, работающие индивидуально, 88 чел. – в коллективе. Методы: анализ документов, наблюдение, опросы и нестандартизированное интервью, тест Е. Хейма, методика «Индикатор копинг-стратегий», диагностика организационной культуры по Р. Куинн и К. Камерон, методика изучения профессиональной идентичности по Л.Б. Шнейдер, мотивационный профиль по К. Мартин и Ш. Ричи. Установлены доминирующие факторы, вызывающие трудности профессионализации. У ИТ-руководителей – фактор взаимосвязи трудностей профессионализации и культурно-мотивационными особенностями руководителей. Трудности: профессионального общения, умение учитывать мнение других, сидячая работа. Доминирующая потребность – устанавливать и поддерживать долгосрочные стабильные взаимоотношения. У ИТ-специалистов, работающих индивидуально: доминирующими факторами являются навык самоконтроля и ответственности, фактор включает дескрипторы: самоконтроля, ответственности, самоорганизованности, нестандартного подхода к решению задач. Определены трудности профессионализации, основанные на ощущении востребованности в интересной общественно полезной работе, прямой взаимосвязи организационной культуры Отношение, профессиональной идентичности, внимательности и проявлений самоорганизованности, нестандартного подхода к решению задач, навыков презентации. Обеспокоенность этой группы ИТ-специалистов вызывают ненормированной график работы, а также необходимость физической подготовки, постоянно учиться на протяжении всей профессиональной жизни, учета высокой конкуренции в будущем. У ИТ-специалистов, работающих в команде – ведущим является фактор ответственности, который включает дескрипторы сходные с ИТ-специалистами, работающих индивидуально. Здесь выявлены прямая зависимость потребности во влиятельности и власти, стремление руководить другими; настойчивое стремление к конкуренции и влиятельности и обратная зависимость потребности в высокой заработной плате и материальном вознаграждении, желание иметь работу с существенным набором льгот и надбавок. Доминирующий мотив Признание. Вступающий в противоречие с установкой: друзей на работе нет. Найдена взаимосвязь выявленных трудностей профессионализации ИТ-специалистов и их компетенций: трудности их профессионализации выявлены на пересечении показателей развитие личности и копинг-стратегий, используемых ИТ-специалистами. Эмпирически подтверждена модель выявления факторов, вызывающих трудности профессионализации ИТ-специалистов, которые могут стать основой Программы сопровождения профессионализации ИТ-специалиста в реальных российских условиях.

Introduction. For sociology, it is important to understand the content and forms of integration of IT specialists as one of the types of social associations. Such an analysis is important to carry out since the interpretation and content characteristics of this community subsequently guide all other elements of the strategy of theoretical and empirical research. In particular, it is relevant to identify: in what capacity of a “professional community” or “professional group” IT specialists act as a real social phenomenon.Methodology and sources. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of IT specialists involved identifying the nature and forms of their social integration: as socioprofessional groups, or as socio-professional communities. Based on the analysis of the fundamental provisions of foreign and Russian sociologists F. Tennis, J. Shchepansky, R. Merton, K. Manheim, T.M. Mills, P.A. Sorokin, V.A. Yadov, and many others, the differences in the understanding of “community” and “group” are revealed as a reflection of the special essential characteristics of these forms of integration.Results and discussion. The results of the analysis of statistical data show that the concept of a social group is used much more often than the concept of community in characterizing integration processes; this is a more relevant category for modern research. The results confirm the significant connection between the concept of “group” and the concepts of “values”, “common goal”, and “professional”. Exploring the numerous features of IT specialists, such as self-education, the desire to organize training based on introspection, significant differences from other specialists in the system of professions “human-sign system”, such as erudition and logical thinking, mastering mathematics, English language, the Internet as necessary starting conditions for entering the profession, the authors use the definition of a professional or social group.Conclusion. IT professionals should be considered a special socio-professional group with all the signs of such social integration. IT professionals operate in today's multidimensional social space. As a social group, IT specialists are united by the presence of a common feature – activities in a special environment – in the information and digital space, common social values.

Aim. Empirical substantiation of the model and approbation of the scheme for studying the psychological difficulties of the professionalization of IT specialists in different conditions and situations of professional activity: individually, in a team, as a project manager.Procedure and methods. 87 articles and 32 Internet resources were analyzed to characterize the peculiarities of the work of IT specialists. The positive and negative aspects of the work of IT specialists are revealed. Surveys were conducted using a specially designed questionnaire to identify the difficulties of professionalization, testing to determine individual features. The test of E. Heim, the motivational profile of S. Ritchie and P. Martin, adapted by A.V. Bulgakov, associative methods of studying social identity L.B. Schneider, V.V., Khrustaleva diagnostics of organizational culture K., Cameron R. Quinn. The sample was 148 people, of which 12 are managers, 48 are individually working people, 88 are members of a team. The obtained data were subjected to mathematical and statistical processing. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for independent samples at p≤.01.Results. The negative aspects of the work of IT specialists are identified: work after work, low start in a career, high competition in the future, high mental stress, sedentary work, strain on the organs of vision. The main groups of psychological difficulties are revealed. At the individual level: there are 1) motives for professional activity in social contacts, at the level of significance, in gaining recognition from other people, in influence and power, in improvement. 2) In the cognitive sphere: the presence of critical thinking; the ability to look for relationships between phenomena; perseverance; mindfulness; self-organization; non-standard approach to solving the set and unexpectedly arising tasks; understanding of the need to constantly learn. Use of a foreign language with colleagues in professional interaction, in work with documents; computer knowledge; modern IT technologies and IT programs. 3) In the emotional sphere, the levels of emotional burnout are different; self-control. At the level of interpersonal and intragroup interaction, difficulties are determined in the skills of presenting what has been done; responsibility; ability to work in a team; manifestations of diligence. Difficulties determined by differences in the structures of organizational cultures of companies associated with entering its divisions are revealed: order and creativity. There were no differences in professional identity. Professional identity of all compared categories of IT professionals have high and medium levels of professional identity. Differences in the use of coping strategies were determined: problem solving; social support; problem avoidance. A difference was found in the distribution of adaptive cognitive strategies; maladaptive cognitive strategy; behavioral copings.Theoretical and/or practical significance. A model of a scheme for studying the psychological difficulties of the professionalization of IT specialists at different stages of professional activity has been developed. The results can be used as the basis for supporting the professional development of IT specialists.

The article assesses the returns on skills of IT specialists in Russian cities of different sizes. The empirical basis of the study consists of open data on job vacancies published on the HeadHunter platform in March—April 2025. The paper describes the data processing procedures, including the unification of skill descriptions and their transformation into discrete variables. The main research method is hedonic wage modeling in the labor market, which allows for estimating the impact of various factors on the salaries of information technology professionals. The econometric modeling employs a two-step OLS approach with Heckman correction and sequential inclusion of variables into the baseline specification. The results show that professional IT skills, personal characteristics, managerial skills, and employment in Moscow, the Moscow region, St. Petersburg, and cities located outside the Russian Federation have a statistically significant positive effect on IT specialists’ wages. Employment in cities with populations between 250 thousand and one million people, as well as social skills, have a significant negative effect. For professional IT skills, significant positive effects were identified in Moscow, the Moscow region, and St. Petersburg, indicating that the city effect remains even after accounting for cross-city differences in skill valuation. The main findings of the study are relevant for the development and implementation of education, regional, and migration policies aimed at fostering the training and mobility of highly qualified employees. The proposed approach to working with relatively small but easily accessible datasets can also be applied in expert HR analytics, for example, to identify differences among local labor markets.

The article provides a theoretical rationale and identifies key directions for improving the professional training of future IT specialists in institutions of professional pre-higher education in the context of societal digitalization, transformations of the educational environment, and increasing labor market demands. The relevance of the study is determined by the urgent need to modernize educational processes in response to the rapid development of the IT sector, which plays a crucial role in the economic, social, and technological progress of the state. The current state of IT specialist training in Ukraine is analyzed, with emphasis on systemic shortcomings and the lack of a comprehensive approach to organizing the educational process at the professional pre-higher level. The study generalizes theoretical approaches to the essence of professional training and the structure of IT specialists’ competencies, and characterizes the specific features of IT education in Ukraine in comparison with leading international models. The key pedagogical innovations are highlighted: competence-based, dual, and project-based approaches, as well as the use of blended learning technologies, STEM/STEAM education, cloud services, digital platforms, gamification, and adaptive learning methods. The importance of developing both hard and soft skills in the context of professional training is substantiated. Strategic directions for updating the content of educational programs are outlined, including the introduction of new disciplines (artificial intelligence, DevOps, Big Data, UI/UX design), strengthening practical components through dual education, internships, and project-based activities. The necessity of digitalizing the educational environment of professional pre-higher institutions, improving the qualifications of teaching staff, involving IT companies in the training process, and creating educational-professional partnerships is emphasized. The importance of implementing individualized educational trajectories to meet students’ learning needs and professional interests is underlined.

Реалії динамічного розвитку комп’ютерних і комунікаційних технологій потребують конкурентоспроможних фахівців з інформаційних технологій, які здатні до сприйняття, генерування та практичної реалізації нових наукових ідей, розробки та використання новацій. У статті представлено розроблену та експериментально перевірену стратегічну модель формування готовності фахівців з інформаційних технологій до професійної діяльності в умовах розвитку інформаційних систем. На основі проаналізованої й узагальненої обробки отриманих результатів описано професійні функції та вимоги до фахівців з інформаційних технологій, завдання яких пов’язані з проєктуванням, розробкою і використанням інформаційних систем; обґрунтовано важливість професійної діяльності ІТ-фахівців щодо підтримки повнофункціональної роботи інформаційних систем різних організації. Розроблено індивідуально-особистісну схему стилів навчання, у якій наведені чинники, які є ключовими для сприйняття інформації студентами в навчальному процесі. На основі запропонованої схеми та проведеного діагностування визначено стилі навчання, якими найкраще володіють студенти та проведено аналіз кореляції між стилями навчання й аудиторною роботою, що покладено в основу визначення векторів реалізації навчальних стратегій до фахової підготовки сучасних ІТ-фахівців. Виокремлено стратегії навчання, котрі сприятимуть підвищенню готовності фахівців з інформаційних технологій до професійної діяльності в умовах розвитку інформаційних систем. На підставі отриманої теоретичним і практичним шляхом інформації обґрунтовано доцільність імплементації результатів дослідження на практиці, сформовано та експериментально перевірено стратегічну модель підготовки майбутнього ІТ-фахівця. У запропонованій моделі відображено логіку формування в студентів індивідуально-особистісного стилю пізнавальної діяльності, яка спонукає до самостійного вибору стратегії пізнавальної діяльності й індивідуального дидактичного маршруту, які є зовнішніми організаційними формами формування готовності майбутніх фахівців з інформаційних технологій до професійної діяльності в умовах розвитку інформаційних систем. Представлені результати дослідження передбачають перспективу подальших досліджень, зокрема актуальними напрямами подальших розвідок є пошуки шляхів інтеграції адаптивного й самостійно спрямованого навчання в процес фахової підготовки фахівців з інформаційних технологій.

The article discusses the concept of "Information and communication technologies." The characteristic of the labor specialists in the sphere of information technologies, namely the characteristics of the object, means and product of their labor. The author of the article deals with the specifics of specialists of the topic. We study the needs and motivations of IT professionals. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of labor specialists in the sphere of information technologies and offered rates for calculating the efficiency of workers, including factors: timeliness; the number of completed tasks; detected errors; the cost of bug fixes. Purpose of the article – to reveal the specifics of working IT professionals, and especially to justify the incentives and motivation of specialists in this field. The objectives of the article: to characterize the concept of "Information and communications technologies"; identify the main needs and motivations of IT professionals; develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of specialists in this field. Methodology. In conducting this study the main sources of raw data served as the information contained in scientific, reference, periodical literature on the subject in question, including the sources of information and telecommunications network "Internet". The basis of methodological developments put the comparative methods of analysis and synthesis of existing data. Results . The characteristic of the concept of "Information and communication technologies." It is proved that the work of specialists in the sphere of information technologies is intellectual work, and that the subject, the means and the product of this kind of work – are special types of information in digital form. Emphasize that as part of the system of social production, work in the field of software development (software) performs a task and a number of specific functions: creative, integration, stimulating, consumer, social, educational and recreational. It has been determined that it is necessary to identify the dominant needs and motivations IT professionals support their creativity, constantly explore their state of job satisfaction, and in the case of deviations from the norm, to equalize their status at work and creative motivational tool. A method for evaluating the performance of an IT specialist. Proper organization of workflow and competent use of tools and methods of motivation and stimulation of labor experts can detect as dominant needs and motives of each employee at the moment, and allows you to assess the effectiveness of measures taken and the efficiency of not only each specialist, and a team of specialists in general and as a result the productivity of IT specialists increases.

BACKGROUND Survivorship care plans (SCPs), ie, personalized health care plans for cancer survivors, can be used to support the growing group of melanoma survivors throughout their disease trajectory. However, implementation and effectiveness of SCPs are suboptimal and could benefit from the involvement of stakeholders in developing a user-centered design. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the ideal SCP for patients with melanoma in terms of functions and features to be included according to different stakeholders and to explore their underlying motives. METHODS In total, 3 cocreation sessions were organized with mixed samples of stakeholders, ie, patients with (a history of) melanoma (n=4), health care providers (HCPs) active in melanoma care (n=3), and IT specialists active in hospital IT departments (n=6). They were invited to compose their ideal melanoma SCP based on potential functions and features identified from prior qualitative research. These functions and features belonged to one of the four main categories of survivorship care (SSC): (1) information and education, (2) identification and treatment, (3) oncological follow-up, and (4) coordination. Participants were invited to explain their motives for including functions and features. Ideas were shared between stakeholders, and interaction was promoted. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the ideal SCP per stakeholder group. To analyze underlying motives, all cocreation sessions were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed in a thematic content analysis. RESULTS With regard to their ideal SCPs, all stakeholders added functions from all 4 SSC categories. Patients assembled a rather compact SCP with category 2 on <i>identification and treatment</i> being most important. Both HCPs and IT professionals constructed a somewhat larger SCP, with category 3 on <i>oncological follow-up</i> being the most important aspect and HCPs also focusing on category 4 on <i>coordination</i>. As for the motives behind their ideal SCP compositions, patients predominantly added functions based on their personal experiences or experiences from fellow patients, whereas both HCPS and IT professionals based their compositions primarily on their respective areas of expertise: HCPs related their additions to their roles as medical practitioners; for example, in providing a complete treatment plan and obtaining informed consent, while IT professionals’ contributions were mainly influenced by feasibility and privacy concerns. CONCLUSIONS This cocreation study provides insights into stakeholders’ ideal melanoma SCP and the motivations behind them. Considering the diversity in both the preferences and underlying motives regarding SCP composition between patients, HCPs, and IT specialists, it is crucial to develop a broad SCP that extends beyond traditional SCP content, emphasizing personalization. In addition to continued stakeholder involvement, efforts should be focused on addressing potential feasibility and privacy issues to ensure the SCP meets both patients’ and HCPs’ needs. CLINICALTRIAL