Integrated green supply chain system development with digital transformation

In supply chain management, economical objectives have traditionally guided decisions of the supply chains. However, with increased global environmental and social concerns, in recent years, green aspects have been incorporated in supply chain decisions. These expansions lead to new research areas about green or sustainable supply chain management that includes applying various green practices in order to reduce negative impact on the environment or providing sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to develop a multi-objective optimization model for determining network design of the green supply chains. In multi-objective frame of the proposed model, total profit maximization and environmental impact minimization objectives are considered in order to obtain best network configuration for economic and environmental performance of the green chain. The proposed model is validated with numerical experiments. Obtained results showed that the model can be used as a strategic decision tool in problems with multi and conflicting objectives. Keywords: Green supply chain management, multi-objective modelling, network optimization;

This study addresses key limitations of traditional algorithms in green supply chain management, including vulnerability to local optima, unsystematic population initialization, and inadequate parameter tuning. To overcome these challenges, a collaborative optimization framework is developed by integrating an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (ISSA) with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III), forming the ISSA-NSGA-III model. The model begins with Tent chaotic mapping to generate a well-distributed initial population, ensuring broad coverage of the solution space. An adaptive periodic convergence factor is then introduced to dynamically balance global exploration and local exploitation during the optimization process. To further strengthen search performance, Lévy flight and elite opposition-based learning are incorporated, enhancing the model’s ability to escape local optima. These improvements are embedded within the NSGA-III framework to achieve robust multi-objective optimization. Performance is evaluated using a public supply chain management dataset. Compared with the standard Sparrow Search Algorithm, which serves as its baseline, the ISSA-NSGA-III model reduces total supply chain cost by approximately 14.0%, lowers carbon emissions by 14.2%, and increases resource utilization by 15.4%. The spacing metric also improves by 40.2%, indicating a more uniform and diverse distribution of Pareto-optimal solutions. Overall, the proposed algorithm demonstrates strong potential for coordinating economic performance and environmental sustainability in green supply chains, offering reliable technical support for complex decision-making.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-20612-7.

As sustainability draws increasing attention due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, interest in the green supply chain has likewise substantially increased. The present study contributes deeper insights into the logical integration of the resource‐based characteristics that can facilitate the effective transition from traditional to green supply chains while also increasing the effectiveness of existing green supply chains. The proposed model, rooted in the resource‐based view (RBV) theory, examines the associations of supply chain connectivity (SCC), supply chain information sharing (SCIS), top management commitment (TMC) and green procurement and logistics acceptance (GPLA) with green supply chain management (GSCM). Analysis of data from employees at 381 manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom confirmed the positive associations of SCC and SCIS with TMC and GPLA, of TMC with GPLA and GSCM and of GPLA with GSCM. The results also confirmed the serial mediation effect of TMC and GPLA on the associations of both SCC and SCIS with GSCM. The study offers several practical insights and theoretical contributions, including a novel GSCM scale.

The used power batteries of new energy vehicles have become a combined issue of environmental pollution, resource scarcity, and economic sustainability. Power battery recycling is inevitably becoming the key link in the formation of the green closed-loop supply chain for new energy vehicles and the green cycle of the new energy vehicles industry. This study establishes a three-party evolutionary game model of “new energy vehicle manufacturers, power battery manufacturers, and power battery recyclers”, simulates the dynamic evolution process of each game player’s strategy, and analyzes the effects of the digital transformation factor and other factors leading to the evolution trend. The main results show that: (i) in the absence of sufficient incentives and constraints, the green closed-loop power battery supply chain cannot be formed naturally; (ii) digital transformation is an important factor in the journey of the green closed-loop supply chain for power battery recycling, and (iii) government rewards and penalties can promote the formation of the green closed-loop supply chain for power batteries. This research innovatively investigates the concept of the green closed-loop power battery supply chain and its formation mechanism, which provides theoretical support to promote the recycling of used power batteries to achieve sustainability.

Green supply chain management has received increasing attention as consumers have become more environmentally conscious. Manufacturers are making green investments to meet consumers’ demands, while retailers in different markets often engage in cooperative promotion to attract more consumers. This study develops game theoretic models for investigating cooperative promotion for two cross-market firms with different channel structures, i.e., decentralized and centralized. The manufacturer determines the wholesale price for the retailers and the green investment of a product, and the retailers determine the promotional effort and retail price. This study finds that whether the firms join in cooperative promotion mainly depends on the wholesale price, as well as the impacts of the price, green investment, and cooperative promotional activities on the demand. When the wholesale price is relatively low, the retail price of the decentralized green supply chain must be lower than that of the centralized green supply chain. On the contrary, the difference in the retail price between the two green supply chains varies with the impacts of green investment and cooperative promotional activities on demand. In addition, due to the influence of channel structure, the contribution to cooperative promotion of the centralized supply chain is more than that of the decentralized supply chain with the most given conditions. Moreover, as the impact of cooperative promotional activities on demand increases, the centralized green supply chain does not necessarily result in higher profits than the decentralized green supply chain.

Green food supply chain management as a solution for the mitigation of food supply chain management risk for improving the environmental health level

The escalation of regulatory obligations in order to reshape and implement eco-friendly operations make it essential for firms to execute the related strategies and enhance their position in a competitive market. Scholars and practitioners, thereby, have aligned their search in the area of sustainability to get to know regarding activities that might improve the outcomes of business practices. To contribute in a particular area, the study attempts to explore the critical role of knowledge management, technological advancement, and green supply chain (SC) management on SBP in the presence of a moderator-leadership. China is used as a study sample, and the study model was evaluated through structural equation modelling. Statistical findings indicate that knowledge management, technological advancement, and green SC management have a positive influence on SBP in China. The findings reveal that leadership support significantly moderates knowledge management, technological advancement, green SC management, and SBP in China. These outcomes guide regulators in making regulations related to sustainable performance using the best practice of SC, technology advancement, and knowledge management.

Cross-tier ripple and indirect effects of directives WEEE and RoHS on greening a supply chain

While green supply chain management (GSCM) has been studied extensively, a lack of a clear view on performance improvements arising from the adoption of GSCM practices obstructs a full understanding of resultant consequences. Moreover, there are still limited efforts to understand the contingent nature of how performance is improved in this context. This study aims to ascertain whether the GSCM implementation yields sustainability–profitability trade-offs and examine the moderating effects of green information systems (GIS) on performance improvements. Survey data were collected from 189 firms operating in the UK automotive industry and analyzed using moderated hierarchical regression. The results suggest that pursuing GSCM can bring trade-offs into play, demonstrating a paradoxical view of enhanced sustainability versus less profitability. The authors call this phenomenon the fallacy of profitable GSCM. Interestingly, high levels of GIS were found to positively moderate the relationships between GSCM practices and economic performance. This study contributes to the knowledge bank of GSCM by elucidating the mixed views about the GSCM adoption and its economic effects and refutes the fallacy that “low-hanging fruits” of GSCM are readily available. Second, this study offers new directions to balance the trade-offs between sustainability and profitability, contributing to the development of a more robust GSCM theory. Two important managerial contributions can be drawn from this study: (1) managers need to prioritize GSCM practices on the basis of having the most significant performance improvement; (2) they are encouraged to develop more robust GIS and exploit the capabilities of information sharing, supply chain traceability, and monitoring as a new pathway to attenuate sustainability trade-offs. Future studies are recommended to explore wider sectors and employ longitudinal or quasi-experimental designs to capture the effects of GSCM practices on performance over time.

ABSTRACTThis article examines the notion of green supply chain management (GSCM) in the New Zealand business context. Despite the increasing significance of the GSCM approach at the global level, there is a paucity of empirical research that explores GSCM within the New Zealand business context. This study intends to bridge the gap in the literature by investigating the GSCM practices adopted by New Zealand based companies. To this end, a sample of 23 companies was selected and 29 interviews were conducted with senior corporate managers. The results revealed that most interviewees’ companies were proactive in improving their mid-stream GSCM performance, but the same enthusiasm was not manifested at the upstream and downstream supply chain levels. Hence, we argue that companies need to recognise and embrace the holistic nature of GSCM and promote collaborative supply chain activities to realise improvements in environmental, economic and operational performance.

In the context of achieving the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, green supply chain management has evolved into an inevitable direction for industry development. However, in practical operations, the problem of information asymmetry continues to restrict the overall efficiency of the green supply chain, hinders the collaborative operations among upstream and downstream enterprises, and weakens consumers' confidence in the reliability of the source of green products. This has led to multiple dilemmas. Blockchain technology, with its decentralized architecture, tamper-proof data security, and efficient traceability capabilities, is opening up new paths to solve the key obstacles in green supply chain management and holds great development potential. Although the combination of the two has broad prospects, the current collaborative mechanism between blockchain and green supply chain still requires systematic research. The core challenge lies in how to significantly optimize the operational efficiency of the green supply chain through blockchain and build a policy environment that positively encourages enterprises to implement green production. This issue has entered the vision of government decision-makers; at the same time, enterprises need to deeply analyze how to promote green innovation through market competition pressure to consolidate market competitiveness; moreover, the introduction of blockchain will increase the cost pressure on the green supply chain, which may become a constraint for enterprises with limited capital strength. The exploration in this field will directly affect the effectiveness of green supply chain management practices. This paper systematically studies the collaborative mechanism between blockchain technology and green supply chain, as well as the dual-chain integration path, in combination with policy support, market competition, and core enterprise capabilities, aiming to promote their deep integration and innovation.

ABSTRACTEnvironmental concerns have become important in the shipbuilding industry. Governmental expectations about environmental and social performance are much higher than in the past. Public authorities penalize companies that do not comply with the rules. Shipbuilding companies face these challenges by introducing new technologies into their business processes. They do not only start initiatives to green their own business processes but also those of their supply chain partners. This form of environmental management is called Green Supply Chain Management (GrSCM) and its importance is increasingly recognized. Although GrSCM is growing, companies are experiencing difficulties engaging suppliers in environmental activities.This empirical study analyses drivers for supply chain participation of suppliers in the shipbuilding industry. We explain the participations of suppliers in GrSCM practice by investigating influencing factors including governmental involvement in greening the supply chain, customer requirements towards green issues, feeling of social responsibility, competitive advantage by going green, and GrSCM readiness. Hypotheses are tested with partial least squares, using survey data of 93 suppliers of two leading shipbuilding companies. We found GrSCM readiness, competitive advantage, and social responsibility to be significant drivers in supplier participation. No significant support was found for governmental involvement and customer requirements.

Climate change is one of the main problems faced by humans in this decade. Several environmental research institutions state that climate change in the next ten years is considered the most threatening long-term risk. Developed countries contribute 65-70% while poor and developing countries contribute the remaining 30%-35%. One of Indonesia's commitments as a country that is a member of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The UNFCCC CoP (Climate Change Conference) is an annual world climate conference, where governments meet to discuss plans to address the climate crisis. This will be the 26th meeting. Where this convention is attended by 195 countries that are members of the United Nations (UN). This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of carbon emission disclosure, namely to test and analyze: The Influence of Corporate Environmental Awareness, Corporate Carbon Strategy, Green Corporate Business Strategy and Green Supply Chain on Carbon Emission Disclosure. In addition, this study also tests and analyzes the Role of Carbon Knowledge as a moderating variable for the influence of Corporate Environmental Awareness, Corporate Carbon Strategy and Green Supply Chain on Carbon Emission Disclosure. The analytical method used in this study is path analysis with the pattern of relationships between independent variables in this study being correlative and causal. Based on the results of this study, it shows that Environmental Performance has a significant effect on carbon emission disclosure. Carbon management strategy does not have an effect on carbon emission disclosure. Competitive Business Strategy has a significant effect on carbon emission disclosure. And green supply chain management has an effect on carbon emission disclosure. Carbon Knowledge does not strengthen the effect of environmental performance on carbon emission disclosure, Carbon Knowledge does not strengthen the effect of Carbon Management Strategy on carbon emission disclosure. Carbon Knowledge strengthens the effect of Corporate Business Strategy on carbon emission disclosure. Carbon Knowledge strengthens the effect of Green Supply Chain Management on carbon emission disclosure

Stage-wise green supply chain management and environmental performance: Impact of blockchain technology

Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG 12) aims at boosting sustainable consumption and production patterns (SCPP) globally, forming a critical component of the 2030 Agenda for SD. Despite progress in corporate sustainability reporting, significant challenges remain, particularly in emerging economies like Vietnam, which is undergoing industrial transformation while striving to address environmental and resource sustainability challenges. Addressing these issues requires urgent action to raise awareness and manage finite natural resources more sustainably. Digitalization (DI) in supply chains has emerged as a key solution for greening product life cycles. Thus, this research delves into the association between DI and SCPP among small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies, emphasizing the mediating roles of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and green supply chain management (GSCM). A quantitative approach was employed in this paper, and data were acquired through a thoughtfully crafted survey questionnaire targeting individuals in senior management and middle management at companies. This earned 429 valid responses from middle managers and senior managers in Vietnam SMEs. Subsequently, SmartPLS version 4.1.0.0 was leveraged to investigate the hypothesized relationships. The outcomes highlight that DI strengthens GSCM, CSR, and SCPP, as well as the bond between CSR and GSCM, which are statistically significant. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate GSCM and CSR serve as intermediary factors linking DI and SCPP within enterprises. Grounded in empirical evidence from Vietnamese SMEs, this study adds valuable insights to the current set of insights on SCPP by presenting an empirically operationalized framework that integrates dynamic capabilities theory and stakeholder theory. Simultaneously, this research supplies new approaches for leaders and managers on how to pursue SCPP as part of green supply chain transformation through digital innovation, along with making a meaningful advancement in the evolution of the academic discourse on the SDGs.