Integrating IoT and IoS with a Component-Based Approach

The aim of this study is to consolidate semantics, streaming and user-centered rulebased home automation with the goal of thereby enabling more powerful and more user-friendly home automation systems. To reach this goal this thesis incorporates the rather new field of semantic streaming into home automation taking into account the users' needs and perspective. This thesis contributes a structured literature review on rule-based home automation use cases including their classification by new criteria. As part of the analysis a participatory design study was conducted yielding that users prefer visual languages in the domain of home automation. Furthermore a new pattern in semantic streaming was discovered called dynamic sensor selection. As main contribution of this thesis a home automation system based on semantic streaming called ERAS (Event and Rule Automation System) was developed using two hierarchically-aligned visual languages called Event Language (EL) and Rule Language (RL). ERAS was completely implemented also containing an editor for each of the two visual languages. As existing semantic streaming engines and benchmarks for semantic streaming engines did proof not suitable a custom semantic streaming engine called ECQELS (Extended Continuous Query Evaluation over Linked Stream) was designed and implemented as well as a corresponding benchmark introducing the average response time as relevant feature for comparison of semantic streaming engines. The system developed in this thesis was evaluated by performing the implemented benchmark on ECQELS comparing it to CQELS, probably the most powerful existing semantic streaming engine, which yielded that ECQELS can compete with CQELS for rather simple queries. When executing multiple queries simultaneously ECQELS event outperforms CQELS. Furthermore a user acceptance study was conducted as part of the evaluation comparing the visual language EL and the textual language ECQELS regarding usability. As outcome of the study EL was slightly preferred by the users in most cases but differences could not be proven significantly. On the basis of the results of this research, it can be concluded that the use of semantic streaming technologies in the domain of home automation has the potential to provide great benefits for developing more powerful and nevertheless more userfriendly home automation systems.

Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the networked interconnection of everyday objects. IoT is an upcoming research field and is being regarded as the revolution in the world of communication because of its extensible applications in numerous fields. Due to open and self-assimilation nature of these networks they are highly prone to attacks. Because of this reason security is of primary concern here. The security attack can be of various types, the idea here is to prevent IoT networks from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. The objective of Denial of Service (DoS) is to make the server resources unavailable to the intended user, and when several such DoS attacks are present in a network then the attack is known as a DDoS attack. Our strategy is to prevent DDoS attack in IoT networks by using Learning Automata (LA) concepts. In this paper, we present a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) which is used as a system model for IoT here. SOA provides a platform to the developers using which they can develop various applications for IoT without any concern regarding the nature of the objects, thereby acting as a middleware. The DDoS prevention strategy has been targeted for the SOA based architecture for IoT. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is effective in preventing DDoS attacks in IoT.

Usage of technological devices is increasing and also increases the facility and the compatibility of the hardware. The internet can be accessed through many devices and the devices can be connected with other devices. Internet of Things (IoT) has increased highly in various types of device and complexity of the connection with the different type of devices also increases. This increases the demand for the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for the user. IoT-based SOA technique provides the effective information by obtaining the information about the user's devices and their locations. This technique requires the device to be connected to the several devices, which also increases problem in security. Several research has been carried on the IoT-based SOA method and provides better solutions for some problems. In this paper, research has been done on the IoT-based SOA technique research to analysis the major issues with this technique and their better solution provided for the system. The major problem with the technique is lightweight process is required for the embedded system.

The paper presents an overview of communication protocols for Industry 4.0, the general trend currently pursued within automation and data exchange in manufacturing technologies. The concept includes Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Services (IoS), and cloud computing. Industry 4.0 also comprises the notion of the modular-structured smart factory, where cyber-physical systems monitor physical processes, create a virtual copy of the physical world, and make decentralized decisions. Over the Internet of Things, cyber-physical systems communicate and cooperate with each other and with humans in real time; through the Internet of Services, both internal and cross-organizational services are offered and used by participants in the value chain. This article describes industry-standard protocols such as the OPC Unified Architecture (UA), PPM-Protocol, and DDS (Data Distribution Service).

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of resource-constrained devices (e.g., sensors and actuators) which form low power and lossy networks to connect to the Internet. With billions of devices deployed in various environments, IoT is one of the main building blocks of future Internet of Services (IoS). Limited power, processing, storage and radio dictate extremely efficient usage of these resources to achieve high reliability and availability in IoS. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks aim to misuse the resources and cause interruptions, delays, losses and degrade the offered services in IoT. DoS attacks are clearly threats for availability and reliability of IoT, and thus of IoS. For highly reliable and available IoS, such attacks have to be prevented, detected or mitigated autonomously. In this study, we propose a comprehensive investigation of Internet of Things security for reliable Internet of Services. We review the characteristics of IoT environments, cryptography-based security mechanisms and D/DoS attacks targeting IoT networks. In addition to these, we extensively analyze the intrusion detection and mitigation mechanisms proposed for IoT and evaluate them from various points of view. Lastly, we consider and discuss the open issues yet to be researched for more reliable and available IoT and IoS.

The internet of things (IoT) is playing a major role in the development of the health industry by enabling more accessible and affordable virtual and distant patient contacts through applications that are easy to use. The IoT and automated homes are becoming more popular in recent days. A network of connected devices, including hardware, equipment, and technical support, is known as the IoT. Their purpose is to allow data exchange with other systems through the internet. This paper presents, internet of things based autonomous robot system architecture (IoT-ARSA) for home automation and healthcare services. The primary goal of this secure home automation system is to help the elderly and disabled people by allowing them to operate home appliances. Additionally, the system uses a cloud server to predict the health conditions of patients and the elderly people, providing information to a guardian. The patient's health condition is determined using sensors like temperature, pulse, blood pressure, and oxygen level. Ultrasonic sensor and face detection are used for home automation. Each sensor will interact with the Raspberry Pi 4 to record data, which will then be processed and stored in the cloud. From results it is clear that described (IoT-ARSA) for home automation and healthcare services model is very efficient with high accuracy and high security. Health monitoring is achieved with this model continuously with great efficiency.

Understanding Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA): A systematic literature review and directions for further investigation

The vision of augmenting computing capabilities of mobile devices, especially smartphones with least cost is likely transforming to reality leveraging cloud computing. Cloud exploitation by mobile devices breeds a new research domain called Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). However, issues like portability and interoperability should be addressed for mobile augmentation which is a non-trivial task using component-based approaches. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a promising design philosophy embraced by mobile computing and cloud computing communities to stimulate portable, complex application using prefabricated building blocks called Services. Utilizing distant cloud resources to host and run Services is hampered by long WAN latency. Exploiting mobile devices in vicinity alleviates long WAN latency, while creates new set of issues like Service publishing and discovery as well as client-server security, reliability, and Service availability. In this paper, we propose a market-oriented architecture based on SOA to stimulate publishing, discovering, and hosting Services on nearby mobiles, which reduces long WAN latency and creates a business opportunity that encourages mobile owners to embrace Service hosting. Group of mobile phones simulate a nearby cloud computing platform. We create new role of \textit{Service host} by enabling unskilled mobile owners/users to host Services developed by skilled developers. Evidently, Service availability, reliability, and Service-oriented mobile application portability will increase towards green ubiquitous computing in our mobile cloud infrastructure.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the cornerstone of smart applications such as smart buildings, smart factories, home automation, and healthcare automation. These smart applications express their demands in terms of high-level requests. Application requests in service-oriented IoT architectures are translated into a business process (BP) workflow. In this paper, we model such a BP as a virtual network containing a set of virtual nodes and links connected in a specific topology. These virtual nodes represent the requested processing and locations where sensing and/or actuation are needed. The virtual links capture the requested communication requirements between nodes. We introduce a framework, optimized using mixed integer linear programming (MILP), that embeds the BPs from the virtual layer into a lower-level implementation at the IoT physical layer. We formulate the problem of finding the optimal set of IoT nodes and links to embed BPs into the IoT layer considering three objective functions: i) minimizing network and processing power consumption only, ii) minimizing mean traffic latency only, iii) minimizing a weighted combination of power consumption and traffic latency to study the trade-off between minimizing the power consumption and minimizing the traffic latency. We have established, as reference, a scenario where service embedding is performed to meet all the demands with no consideration to power consumption or latency. Compared to this reference scenario, our results indicate that the power savings achieved by our energy efficient embedding scenario is 42% compared with the energy-latency unaware service embedding (ELUSE) reference scenario, while our low latency embedding reduced the traffic latency by an average of 47% compared to the ELUSE scenario. Our combined energy efficient low latency service embedding approach achieved high optimality by jointly realizing 91% of the power and latency reductions obtained under the single objective of minimizing power consumption or latency.

Internet of Things (IoT) applications can offer a great potential of benefits to end users. We are moving towards an Internet of People, Things and Services (IoPTS) and a future world of ambient intelligence, where users can seamlessly interact with IoT devices and get information about the services they offer. Interaction can take place directly or through dedicated mobile apps that are built to acquire data from sensors or clusters of IoT devices. The article presents a user-centric cluster framework, taking into account the resource-constrained nature of the IoT devices. As part of the framework, the authors propose a Mobility Aware Clustering Scheme (MACS), which organizes the IoT devices in clusters using a fitness function for each node, and a Profile Aware Proactive Cluster Discovery (PAPCD) mechanism using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons for service advertisement. The authors also propose an IoT service filtering and ranking algorithm to match the users' preferences and requirements

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are obtained by integrating computation, networking, and physical processes. In many applications, within a CPS, mobile and wireless networks are used to realize the data transmission, conforming to the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). This facilitates interactions with several types of devices like sensors, RFID readers, mobile phones etc. Besides, Smartphones include important sensors as GPS, accelerometers, light sensors, phone camera etc. Based on such a foundation, different electronic services can be developed and provided for various types of clients. New research directions revealed the necessity to consider middleware architectures in CPS design. In this direction, Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) represents a paradigm that can be very efficient in designing specific layers of CPS. Web services are examples of SOA implementation, adequate for the requirements of the business environments. This paper presents a Cyber Physical Systems oriented e-business platform using Web services, which can be accessed through mobile and wireless networks, using Android OS Smartphones. A stock market exchange service was considered, as a relevant example of e-business. The time response of the SOAP and REST based Web service was evaluated, on LTE 4G and IEEE 802.11n channels, to determine which protocol is more efficient to increase the real time response capacity of the CPS oriented platform.

Since the Internet of Things (IoT) will be entwined with everything we use in our daily life, the consequence of security flaws escalates. Smart objects will govern most of the home appliances and car engines yielding potential disaster scenarios. In this context, successful attacks could lead to chaos and scary scenarios (www.darkreading.com). Unprotected personal information may expose sensitive and embarrassing data to the public and attacks may threaten not only our computers and smart devices, but our intimacy and perhaps our lives too. Because persons and objects will be bonded with each other, user consent becomes critical. Therefore, thing, object, and user Identity will be the focus of future IoT security solutions, yielding a Trust, Security, and Privacy (TSP) paradigm, which may constitute the Achilles' heel of IoT. While security issues are quite straightforward, mainly from background knowledge, privacy issues are far more complex. Privacy constitutes a rather challenging task, even for the m...

The emergence of Internet protocol suites and packet-switching technologies tends to the considerations of security, privacy, scalability, and reliability in layered Internet service architectures. The existing service systems allow us to access big data, but few studies focus on the fundamental security and stability in these systems, especially when they involve large-scale networks with overloaded private information. In this paper, we explored the blockchain-based mechanism that aims to improve the critical features of traditional Internet services, including autonomous and decentralized processing, smart contractual enforcement of goals, and traceable trustworthiness in tamper-proof transactions. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive review to conceptualize the blockchain-based framework to develop the decentralized protocols for the extensive number of Internet services. This comprehensive survey aims to address blockchain integration to secure Internet services and identify the critical requirements of developing a decentralized trustworthy Internet service. Additionally, we present a case study of the blockchain-based Internet of Things (IoT) for neuro-informatics to illustrate the potential applications of blockchain architectures. Finally, we summarize the trends and challenges of blockchain architectures that benefit a multitude of disciplines across all the Internet service fields of interest.

Enterprise application integration makes data sharing easier, efficient and provides flexibility for organizations to seize opportunities and respond to stakeholder needs. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA) Tanjungpura University is an organization that wants to apply information technology effectively to support its business processes. Currently the application at FMIPA is built with different platforms and databases so that it cannot be integrated to share data between parts of the organization. FMIPA intends to build a service-oriented technology architecture to support the realization of organizational goals. SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) can be used as a framework for enterprise application integration. SOA adoption is often not as expected because organizations do not plan their processes comprehensively. It is necessary to measure the maturity level of the organization's SOA adoption so that the current state of the organization's SOA and future expectations can be found. ISO/IEC 16680 (OSIMM) is a method for measuring the SOA maturity level with 7 levels of maturity and 7 dimensions. To expedite the SOA adoption process in FMIPA, SOA maturity level was measured using ISO/IEC 16680. Based on measurements of the seven dimensions of SOA at ISO/IEC 16680, it was found that the current level of SOA adoption maturity (As-Is) at FMIPA Untan was at the level one (Silo), while the expected maturity level (To-Be) is level four (Service). Gap analysis then carried out related to the gap in maturity levels, and is followed by making recommendations dan roadmap for SOA adoption.

Internet of Things (IoT) describes embedded devices (things) with Internet-based connectivity, enabling them to receive and send data through the communication network. In addition, it provides infrastructure to let things have interacted with each other and people. This advantage of the IoT can increase reliability, sustainability, and efficiency by enhanced information access fashion. This technology can be used in various fields, such as environmental monitoring, home, and building automation and smart networks. Furthermore, the main aim of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is to select the best services among a pool of services. These services can be selected statically or dynamically regarding the service functionalities and performance limitations. Since the performance of complex services is very important in many distributed domains. This study aims to systematically review the service selection mechanisms in the IoT. The service selection mechanisms are classified into centralized, decentralized, and hybrid classes. Also, the detailed evaluation of these techniques brings a good suggestion for further studies.