Integrating Supply Chain by the Supply Chain Operation Referential Model

The consideration of ecological and social impacts of supply chains is becoming a pressing issue and a competitive advantage for companies. Therefore, sustainability-related aspects have to be identified and integrated into supply chain management to allow for sustainable performance measurement. However, the widely recognized Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model and its extensional Green SCOR model do not comprehensively address the triple bottom line (TBL) of sustainability, i.e., the interplay of the economic, environmental, and social dimensions, especially because social aspects are neglected so far. Furthermore, the ecological metrics are mainly output oriented, thereby omitting input factors that are crucial to environmental performance. Against this background, this chapter (1) elaborates on literature concerned with the integration of the TBL of sustainability into supply chain management processes and (2) develops a conceptual framework to match sustainability metrics to the SCOR processes. On the one hand, the resulting conceptualization contributes to closing the current research gap on the integration of sustainability metrics into supply chain process models, and on the other hand, it alleviates practice application through compatibility with the standardized SCOR model. It is found that environmental metrics can be directly related to existing SCOR process elements, while social metrics are more difficult to integrate. Nevertheless, the research presented should subsequently be subject to empirical validation and formal mathematical modeling to shed light on holistic sustainability performance measurement of supply chains.

Performance measurement is known to be the best way of investigating the supply chains' success. In this regard, managers can identify the root causes of weakness points and improve supply chain's performance through analysing and solving these problems. Concerning this problem, various supply chain performance evaluation models have been presented in literature. Through all of the models, this paper used supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model for performance measurement of three Iranian automotive supply chains. First SCOR model is employed to define the performance criteria. Afterwards, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to determine the supply chain that performs best. In this paper, expert's judgment is used to determine the criteria's value and weight but uncertainties in expert's judgment was unavoidable, also experts cannot reach an agreement on the method of defining linguistic variables based on fuzzy sets. So, paper used interval-valued fuzzy set to solve these problems. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first study that have applied interval-valued fuzzy TOPSIS in group decision-making in order to evaluate and improve the performance of supply chains on the basis of SCOR model.

The importance of performance management in supply chains has long been recognized from a variety of functional disciplines. But much of the work has focused on designing performance measures with less concern for the other stages of the entire performance management process. The supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model, developed by the Supply-Chain Council (SCC), is widely accepted as the only cross-industry standard for supply chain management, which not only provides a standard description of supply chain processes, but standard metrics to measure supply chain performance. Based on the SCOR model, a comprehensive framework for supply chain performance management is presented in this paper, which includes all aspects of performance management from performance measurement to performance improvement. The methods for performance model design and performance analysis are mainly discussed

With the growing environmental concerns, green supply chain management (GSCM) is gaining significant attention in the construction industry. Tracking and monitoring the environmental effects brought forth by the participating members along a supply chain is important to GSCM. The GreenSCOR model developed by the Supply Chain Council provides a generic framework for measuring the total carbon footprint and environmental footprint in a supply chain. The model is based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, which represents a supply chain network in a hierarchically structured manner. This paper describes the GreenSCOR framework and its potential application to the construction industry. This paper also presents a web services approach to incorporate the GreenSCOR model to the implementation of collaborative information systems. Each process element in the SCOR model is represented and delivered as individual web service units, which can be reused and integrated using standard web services technologies. The service units are combined and managed in a prototype web service collaborative framework, called SC Collaborator, which is designed and developed for supporting construction supply chain management. An illustrative example is presented to demonstrate the implementation of the GreenSCOR-based SC Collaborator framework.

This study aims to highlight the usefulness of studying the performance of supply chains (SC) at the sectoral level in greater detail through the combination of a disaggregated supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model, with a multicriteria decision-making approach, specifically using an AHP, to adjust the analysis to the particularities of the sector under study by stakeholders’ judgements. The methodology was applied to the Ecuadorian flower industry, and the data for the analysis was from a survey of a group of companies that represent this sector. In addition, a focus group of SC experts weighted the model constructs as part of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and then the performance level for each construct was determined. According to the results methodologies, this model allows the classification of companies by their performance, as well as the performance of the aggregate sector. The processes that Ecuadorian flower companies need to improve on are planning, procurement, and manufacturing. The study’s main contribution is developing a general framework for measuring the overall performance of SCs and how the results are obtained. This tool could help managers, consultants, industries, and governments to assess the performance of SCs, as well as improving SC management in order to increase the sector’s competitiveness in the international market.

Proper supply chain management (SCM) provides material control on product information and financial flows. A model used in many industrial sectors that allows to manage the supply chain and evaluate its redesign, is the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference). This research proposes a framework that integrates the SCOR model in the Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, for a Supply Chain based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). The methodology is presented through a case study on the new distribution of Italian postal stamps on the Italian. Through the AS-IS situation we explain the operation of the supply chain in each unit and define the information that could be collected through RFID. The RFID-enabled supply chain based on the SCOR framework involves shorter delivery times and greater product traceability, as accurate real-time information has been shared between partners. Each process of the SCOR model is analyzed and customized with respect to the RFID application, with a deep analysis of the improvements that can be achieved thanks to this technology. The SCOR model also involves a selection of performance measurement indicators used to monitor and manage the supply chain. The adoption of the RFID-based SCOR model, together with the definition of standardized Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), enabled rapid implementation of ERP software. The case study also produced some best practices such as stamp tracking and a specific warehouse layout configuration that resulted in better performance in operations management.

Sector Logistics plays an important role in maintaining the smoothness and efficiency of national and global supply chains, especially for third-party logistics ( 3PL ) service providers who face demands for reliability and speed of service amidst global competition. The complexity of the logistics process creates the need for a structured and measurable performance evaluation model. This study aims to apply the Supply Chain Operations Reference ( SCOR ) model in identifying and prioritizing key performance indicators ( KPI ) in a 3PL company . The method used involves distributing questionnaires to decision makers in operational and managerial fields. The weights of SCOR performance attributes including reliability, responsiveness, flexibility, cost measures, and asset management efficiency are calculated using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process ( FAHP ) method. Furthermore, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution ( TOPSIS ) is used to determine KPI priorities at PT.X. The results of the study show that there are 17 indicators to measure the performance of the freight forwarding sector with the largest weight being operator reliability (0.251) on the reliability attribute, the number of on-time deliveries (0.694) on the responsiveness attribute, load flexibility (0.317) on the flexibility attribute, shipping costs per km (0.379) on the cost attribute and cash-to-cash cycle time (0.479) on the asset management attribute. The SCOR model has proven effective as an initial framework in measuring the performance of 3PL logistics service providers, because it is able to integrate various aspects of performance systematically and quantitatively.

When a company's supply chain has achieved a desirable degree of eco-friendliness in all regards, from a sustainability perspective, its performance will be satisfactory. Since the closed-loop e-waste supply chain's operations are primarily focused on achieving sustainability objectives related to the manufacturing, distribution, reusing, and discarding electrical components, it is crucial to evaluate its success in this area. In order to monitor the performance of supply chains and enhance the processes, the supply chain operations reference model offers suggestions and benchmarking tools. In this study, a conceptual framework is illustrated to show how these standards could be used in the E-waste supply chain to link business processes, metrics, industry standards, and technology in order to enhance the relationship and coordination between the supply chain members and to increase sustainability throughout the supply chain. Insufficient attention so far has been paid to the SCOR model's sustainability criteria, according to an assessment of the literature. Consequently, in the wake of portraying the structure of Supply Chain Operation Reference model, we make sense of which credits should be included in Supply Chain Operation Reference so to reflect manageability and which cycles and practices are related with every standard or should be remembered for Supply Chain Operation Reference to lay out the connection between execution, cycles, and practices.

The advent of information and communication technologies (ICT) ushers a cost-effective prospect to take care of large volumes of complex data, commonly known as “big data” in the supply chain operational environment. Big data is being generated today by web applications, social media, intelligent machines, sensors, mobile phones, and other smart handheld devices. Big data is characterized in terms of the velocity, volume, and variety with which it produces along the supply chain. This is due to recent advances in telecommunication networks along with centralized and decentralized data storage systems, which are processed thanks to modern digital computational capabilities. There is a growing interest in the use of this large volume of data and advanced analytics for diverse types of business problems in supply chain management (SCM). Such decision-support software applications employ pure mathematical techniques, artificial intelligence techniques, and sometimes uses both techniques to perform analytical operations that undercover relationships and patterns within supply chain generated big data. This chapter proposes a framework for the utilization of big data in SCM decision making. The framework is based on the SCOR (supply chain operations reference) model, which is endorsed by Supply Chain Council (SCC). The proposed framework is influenced by the enterprise potential of augmented reality and virtual reality in supply chain applications, and it identifies key categories of big data analytics applications for the key businesses of SCOR model. Finally, the chapter highlights research issues to extract insight from big data sources for enterprise decision making.

Integrated supply chain management has gained increased attention from both researchers and practitioners in recent times, including developing models to describe the elements and activities of a supply chain. Among these models, the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, which is considered to be the most well-known approach, enables next-generation supply chain management. This paper proposes a process design model for mapping the customs supply chain network. Such a mapping aims to describe the processes and the management practices that produce best-in-class integration, and a standard alignment to process features and functionality. Moreover, this model provides a general framework to promote better understanding of a particular customs supply chain by means of mapping it in business process terms and furnishes an adaptable formalism to effectively managing any context of the customs environment.

Purpose Indonesia released a self-declared halal certification program to increase the number of business actors with low-risk products. This study aims to examine and provide guidelines for measuring performance in the halal supply chain for business actors with halal certification. Design/methodology/approach The primary data used in this study were collected through expert interviews in four stages of the Delphi method and closed questionnaires with a Likert scale. This study employs the supply chain operations reference (SCOR) model to provide a framework for measuring performance by integrating it with the Delphi-analytic hierarchical process (AHP) method. Findings Based on the Delphi-AHP analysis, the halal supply chain performance is categorized as 83% in the good category. The highest halal supply chain performance is the plan dimension. It represents government efforts to accelerate halal certification by improving governance and providing halal assistance and transparency in the halal certification application process. Practical implications This research can be a reference for regulators and business actors in measuring business performance. Originality/value This study presents a novel integration of the SCOR model with the Delphi-AHP method to measure halal supply chain performance among micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) engaged in Indonesia's self-declared halal certification program. Unlike prior studies that focus solely on conceptual indicators, this research prioritizes performance dimensions using empirical expert consensus. The framework provides a replicable, data-driven tool for evaluating halal supply chains, especially in developing regions. It contributes both methodologically and practically by guiding regulators and MSMEs in enhancing halal compliance and supply chain integration.

The study illustrates the supply chain management (SCM) of Canadian companies in the furniture industry, including a reduction of lead times, communication, logistics, and supply chain integration. This paper uses a 2-year case study of a supply chain network composed of one large firm and several small- and medium-sized firms (SMEs). It also uses the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model to analyze and evaluate the performance of the supply chain. The results, based on an evaluation of strengths and weaknesses, for the basis for a number of recommendations, which may subsequently be used by the companies concerned to increase their potential of becoming world-class performers. Process integration and standardization, inter-organizational information system (IOIS) implementation, manufacturing process improvement, and logistics are found to be the most critical factors for supporting the supply chain network. In light of these results, the study discusses the implications of the findings and suggests several avenues for future research.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated supply chain performance measurement framework for the case of small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) using set of qualitative and quantitative insights gained during the case study research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper develops the supply chain performance measurement framework using the facts revealed through case study analysis, secondary data specific to various SME clusters in India and detailed contemporary studies reported on supply chain management in SMEs. It integrates the salient features of balanced scorecard (BSC) and supply chain operation reference (SCOR) model to deliver a comprehensive performance measurement framework for SMEs.FindingsThis paper reports set of performance indicators for the supply chain processes like “source,” “make,” and “deliver” in SMEs. It also relates the measures with various supply chain cycles like “procurement,” “manufacturing,” “replenishment,” and “customer order.” As a result, paper delivers an integrated performance measurement framework for supply chain evaluation and planning in SMEs. It also outlines the detailed guideline for the implementation and use of the framework.Practical implicationsThis paper is expected that the developed framework: will help SME managers to improve the visibility of their supply chain amongst interacting partners; and will help SME firms to explain the basis of their decisions to the other supply chain partners and specifically, origingal equipment manufacturer organizations where less bargaining power exist.Originality/valueThis paper integrates the spirit of two well‐known contributions in the field of performance measurement namely BSC and SCOR. The proposed framework is deduced using the findings of real life case study research and hence establishes an adequate platform for its application. It would help the managers or decision makers in SMEs to gain a systematic insight into their supply chain problems and hence undertake the necessary improvements.

A supply chain process involves variant departments and organizations and has its specialties distinguishing it from other business processes. To implement it in a SOA framework, unified service description is required. Nevertheless, the work of deriving service description from process models is arduous and inaccurately. To solve the problem, a novel approach is proposed. Firstly, meta-data for process model is extracted from SCOR (supply chain operation reference model), which provides standardized terminology and definitions for supply chain management. Thereafter, XML-Nets, a high-level Petri-Net, is employed for description of such process models and relevant characteristics of supply chain, as well for the following mapping models to service description. Finally, with aids of mapping rules, general description for service interface and orchestration can be smoothly derived, which comprehensively describe supply chain process and well support further IT development, analysis and improvements of supply chain management.

Basic sanitation is an essential human need to preserve dignity as well as health. However, many South African schools confront challenges in providing a sufficient level of sanitation. This has been exacerbated by the global Covid-19 pandemic. This study employed the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model to examine the challenges affecting efficient and effective sanitation supply chain operations in disadvantaged rural high schools. It also assessed the extent to which high schools engage in planning, sourcing and operations processes for integrated supply chain sanitation, hygiene and service delivery. An exploratory design was adopted and thematic analysis was employed to analyse the data collected from 21 participants in high schools in Ngaka Modiri Molema District, and two from the Department of Basic Education in North West Province. The results showed that the majority of schools, especially those in rural areas, confront supply chain basic health sanitation challenges such as a shortage of water and sanitary pads as well as vandalism, with the lack of financial resources identified as a significant challenge. Based on the findings, the study recommends supply chain integration, improved communication with suppliers and the adoption of the SCOR model to enhance the provision of basic sanitation and water