Intelligent Drug Delivery Car System Using STM32

ObjectivesWe aim to understand the current situation of the first aid ability and training needs of Chinese medical personnel to provide a scientific basis for formulating the contents and methods of emergency medical rescue training and thereby improve the first aid level of Chinese medical personnel.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted between June 2022 and February 2023 using a two-stage cluster sampling method with a structured questionnaire sent to medical workers in 12 provinces in China. 14,527 questionnaires were included in this study. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, first aid knowledge and skills, and training needs. Variance analysis was used to compare the difference between the first aid ability and training needs of medical staff in different hospitals, and multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to evaluate first aid ability and training needs.ResultThe study included 6041 patients (41.6%) in tertiary hospitals, 5838 patients (40.2%) in secondary hospitals, and 2648 patients (18.2%) in primary hospitals. There were significant differences in the first aid ability and training needs of medical staff in hospitals of different levels (p < 0.001). The score of first aid knowledge and skills in tertiary hospitals was the highest (209.7 ± 45.0), and the score of training needs in primary hospitals was the highest (240.6 ± 44.0). There was a significant correlation between first aid ability and training needs score (p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis shows that geographic region, age, work tenure, gender, job title, department, professional title, monthly income, and hospital level are the influencing factors of training demand.ConclusionMedical staff in primary hospitals generally have low first aid knowledge and skills and a strong willingness to train. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the training of first aid ability and research training strategies. The level of the hospital is closely related to the level of first aid, so it is necessary to recognize the commonalities and differences in medical staff’s demand for first aid knowledge and skills and carry out targeted education and training.

To improve the performance of data processing in radar testing, a new design is proposed to realize the serial real-time communication. This design is based on ZYNQ, a kind of all programmable SoC produced by Xilinx. The ZYNQ SoC resource is composed of two parts: the processing system (PS) and the programmable logic (PL). Compared with the conventional communication and processing systems based on FPGA and PXI bus, this new design has several advantages and compatibility. The hardware of this design consist of core board with ZYNQ, PXI-bus interface, serial communication ports such as RS-485, RS-422, and RS-232, configuration ports such as USB, Ethernet, and UART. Meanwhile, the software of this design is divided into two parts: upper visual software and embedded software in the PS. To realize the key 10ms real-time communication demand, an accurate timing module is designed in the PL. The experimental results show that the new design only cost about 4 ms to operate the whole communication and data calculation. In addition, the complex serial communication protocols and the control commands are configurable with UI.

The rotatory probe method used to determine axial ratio of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna widely employs manual systems. This study was aimed to minimize human efforts by automation of rotatory probe method of antenna to calculate axial ratio and validate circular polarization and full polarization transmitted from a SAR antenna. The approach towards automation of this method is achieved by 2-Way Handshake Communication Protocol. To develop this, a closed loop embedded system consisting rotating system and measurement system interfacing synchronously is implemented using serial communication. The interface between hardware components, microcontroller board (Arduino Uno), and software is established using two fundamental approaches: (i) Serial Port Communication between monitor and hardware and (ii) read and write.txt files using Read and Write functions as a parameter to send data and control bits. These computed data are used to determine microstrip antenna fabrication parameters used as a polarimetric SAR sensor.

With the continuous development of information technology, the performance of the entire traditional electrical system is gradually optimized. Nowadays, the single-chip technology is an important part of the traditional electrical system because it determines the operating quality of the entire traditional system. However, due to the electromagnetic pulse, the single-chip microcomputer system may be interfered with malfunction or damage, which seriously affects its performance. Therefore, to investigate the impact of an electromagnetic pulse on a single-chip microcomputer system, in this research work, we have used a STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the research object by setting up multiple sets of STM32 single-chip microcomputer serial communication systems. Besides, we have conducted an electromagnetic pulse vulnerability experiment using the inductive coupling inject method which has improved the antielectromagnetic pulse capacity of the STM32 single-chip serial communication system. The experimental results show that the damage threshold of the single-chip microcomputer with positive pulse injection is greater than the negative pulse injection, which indicates that the serial communication system of the STM32 single-chip microcomputer is more sensitive to the negative pulse injection. Moreover, this research work is of great significance to evaluate more accurately the viability and anti-interference capability of a single-chip microcomputer system under the action of electromagnetic pulse.

The aim of the article is to present the issue of managing a hospital establishment in the light of two aspects: formal-legal and psychological. Design/methodology/approach: In the first part, the authors focus on defining the issue of mandatory conditions and citing the provisions of law regulating the activities of hospitals in the field of medical staff management. The content of the publication discusses the required qualifications which health professionals are subject to and must be taken into account by the hospital management when employing staff. The issue (formally unregulated) was also raised: motivational systems for medical staff in hospitals which is not mandatory from the point of view of the person managing the hospital, however, according to the authors, is an important factor in effective management of human resources. In the second part of the paper, the topic of effective hospital management is considered from a psychological perspective. Based on Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, it shows how supporting good relations between medical staff affects the prevalent atmosphere in hospitals. The authors consider the impact of endured stress of medical staff on the level of patient care, detailing the impact of eustress and distress. Findings: The issue of occupational burnout among medical staff employed in hospital and some recommendations are indicated for the unit managing the facility which are to counteract this phenomenon. The publication also focuses on the correlation between empathy felt by medical staff, their attitude towards the patient and the degree of provided care which directly affects the process of treatment and convalescence. Originality/value: There are presented some actions to raise the level of empathy and communication skills of staff and can be implemented by the hospital management unit. It was based on a meta-analysis of the results of various studies and existing sources.

Fiduciary What?

In order to mitigate job burnout among medical staff and enhance their physical and mental well-being, this study proposes the construction of a hospital gym as a solution to address the issue of physical inactivity among medical professionals. Against the backdrop of China’s “National Fitness Program,” this research develops a game model that encompasses various scenarios involving hospitals and medical staff, both with and without government incentives. Our findings demonstrate interdependence in the decisions made by government entities, hospital administrators, and medical staff regarding gym construction and use. Hospitals’ commitment to gym construction positively influences medical staff’s willingness to engage actively. Two stable equilibrium strategies emerge: one where hospitals and medical staff do not engage with gyms, and the other where both hospitals and medical staff actively utilize them. Government incentives are crucial in promoting a balanced strategy. Additionally, various factors significantly impact the strategy choices of each stakeholder. This study offers valuable benefits to stakeholders, including hospital administrators and medical staff, by exploring how gym construction can lead to reduced burnout, improved work efficiency, and better health outcomes. The research highlights the critical role of government incentives in supporting the successful implementation of such facilities, ensuring that hospitals and staff can reap long-term benefits from these interventions.

Objectives: As of 11 Feb 2020, a total of 1,716 medical staff infected with laboratory-confirmed the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) in China had been reported. The predominant cause of the infection among medical staff remains unclear. We sought to explore the epidemiological, clinical characteristics and prognosis of infected medical staff.Methods: Medical staff who infected with SARS-Cov-2 and admitted to Union Hospital, Wuhan between 16 Jan to 25 Feb, 2020 were included in this single-centered, retrospective study. Data were compared by occupation and analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods.Results: A total of 101 medical staff (32 males and 69 females; median age: 33) were included in this study and 74.3% were nurses. A small proportion of the cohort had contact with specimens (3%) as well as patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 in fever clinics (15%) and isolation wards (3%). 80% of medical staff showed abnormal IL-6 levels and 33% had lymphocytopenia. Chest CT mainly manifested as bilateral (62%), septal/subpleural (77%) and groundglass opacities (48%). The major differences between doctors and nurses manifested in laboratory indicators. As of the last observed date, no patient was transferred to intensive care unit or died. Fever (HR=0.57; 95% CI 0.36-0.90) and IL-6 levels greater than 2.9 pg/ml (HR=0.50; 95% CI 0.30-0.86) were unfavorable factors for discharge.Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the infection of medical staff mainly occurred at the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Wuhan, and only a small proportion of infection had an exact mode. Meanwhile, medical staff infected with COVID-19 have relatively milder symptoms and favorable clinical course than ordinary patients, which may be partly due to their medical expertise, younger age and less underlying diseases. The potential risk factors of fever and IL-6 levels greater than 2.9 pg/ml could help to identify medical staff with poor prognosis at an early stage.

Interrupt-driven devices are efficient with processor time; they allow the processor to run a program without having to poll the devices. This allows fast devices almost instant access to the processor and stops slow devices from ‘hogging’ the processor. For example, a line printer tends to be slow in printing characters. If the printer only interrupted the processor when it was ready for data then the processor can do other things while the printer is printing the character. Another example can be found in serial communications. Characters sent over an RS-232 link are transmitted and received relatively slowly. In a non-interrupt-driven system, the computer must poll the status register to determine if a character has been received, which is inefficient in processor time. However, if the amount of time spent polling the status register is reduced, there is a possibility of the computer missing the received character as another could be sent before the first is read from the receiver buffer. If the serial communications port was set up to interrupt the processor when a new character arrived then it is guaranteed that the processor will always process the receiver buffer.

Nursing administrators contend with various legal problems involving patients, staff, and other hospital departments. Recognizing that you need up-to-date information on the ever-changing legal implications in health care delivery, we're pleased to present a new department that focuses on your important legal responsibilities. Law for Leaders will address the top nursing administrator's legal obligations to patients, staff, and employer. With the help of Maureen Cushing and William H. Roach, Jr., two highly qualified special consultants in health law, we will present articles by qualified professionals to help meet your needs in this area. Maureen Cushing, B.S.N., J.D., is both an attorney and a nurse with extensive knowledge in health law. She was employed in nursing practice for many years prior to establishing a private law practice in Boston. She received a B.S.N. from Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts and a Juris Doctor from New England School of Law, Boston, She is actively involved in the health law and disability law committees of the Massachusetts Bar Association and is a member of the Massachusetts Nurses' Association Council of Professional Practice. Ms. Cushing was a contributing editor to Introduction to Nursing Practice by Saperstein and Frazier(F.A. Davis) and is a legal contributor to two pending nursing texts. She is currently writing a book on nursing jurisprudence for Reston Publishing Company, due for publication in 1982. She has lectured extensively on nursing and health law, in both the United States and Germany. William H. Roach, Jr., M.S., J.D., is a partner in the Chicago law firm of Gardner, Carton & Douglas, specialists in health and hospital law. He is also assistant professor at Rush University, Chicago. Formerly vice president for legal affairs at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Mr. Roach received his Juris Doctor from Vanderbilt University School of Law, and is a member of numerous Bar and professional associations, including the American Society of Hospital Attorneys and the American Society of Law and Medicine. He was president and founding director of the Illinois Association of Hospital Attorneys and for several years has conducted inservice training in hospital law for hospital nursing and medical staffs throughout the United States. His publications include “Medical and Nursing Staff Organization and By-Laws” in Hospital Law (Illinois Institute for Continuing Education), and “The Patient's Right to Know” in Practical Approaches to Patient Teaching, to be published by Little, Brown & Company in 1980. He is author of the first article in JONA's Law for Leaders department. In this article, Roach points out that, beyond their moral duty, nurses have a legal duty to take whatever reasonable action is necessary to safeguard the lives of their patients. He examines the legal implications of the nurse's failure to take appropriate action and presents some of the court decisions that have established what constitutes a nurse's legal duty. He then outlines systems that nursing administrators can establish to smooth the way for staff nurses in obtaining the responsible intervention they need to protect their patients.

According to a survey, the proportion of elderly population in China continues to rise, and most old people fall due to diseases, aging, visual impairment or other problems frequently. In this regard, the "Intelligent Anti-fall Vest For The Elderly" proposed a feasible solution. The product is composed of three modules: anti-collision, fall monitoring, positioning and rescuing. The functional circuit of the product is based on the STM32F103rct6 microcontroller, which controls the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure the distance between the wearer and the obstacle to realize the anti-collision function, controls the MPU6050 six-axis sensor to measure the wearer's body acceleration vector amplitude and attitude angle to realize the fall monitoring function, and controls the GPS to obtain the wearer's position information, controls the Wi-Fi module networking, and use the MQTT protocol , through the single-chip microcomputer and Alibaba Cloud platform for data interaction, to realize the positioning and rescuing function.

Background: Negative-pressure isolation room was considered the standard for Tuberculosis (TB) isolation ward, but it tends to be high in cost and maintenance. Alternatively natural ventilation with the combination of mechanical ventilation (exhaust fan) room were more commonly used in resource-limited settings. However, its efficacy to prevent TB to the medical staffs are unknown. Objective: To compare the prevalence of latent TB among medical staffs that works in negative-pressure isolation ward against natural ventilation isolation ward at Kandou General Hospital Manado. Methods: An cross-sectional study involving 20 medical personnel that have worked for more than 6 months in negative -pressure isolation ward and natural ventilation isolation ward at Kandou General Hospital Manado, North Celebes, Indonesia. Exclusion criteria were history of TB disease or TB latent, immunodeficiency and long term steroid uses. Fischer exact test and regression analysis was used to evaluate the differences between variables. Results : There were 7 medical personnel (35%) from the negative-pressure isolation ward compared to 11 medical personnel (55%) in natural ventilation isolation ward that were positive for Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA). There were no significance differences between the type of isolation room and the prevalence of latent tuberculosis (p= 0.341). There were also no significant correlations between room type (p = 0.633), work duration (p = 0.181), and the prevalence of latent TB (R2 = 0.06). Conclusion : There is no significant difference between latent TB prevalence among medical presonnel in negative- pressure isolation room and natural ventilation isolation room. Natural ventilation room could be used as an alternative to negative-pressure isolation room.

Inaccuracy and delay in decision making in paediatric resuscitation has been previously demonstrated and may result in preventable death. We assessed several domains of paediatric resuscitation knowledge amongst a sample of tertiary hospital paediatric doctors, developed a portable aide-memoire reference card containing reference normal values, including an algorithm for recognition and management of the seriously ill/arrested child, and assessed the ability of medical staff to use this card to obtain accurate information. A convenience sample of 46 members of the Royal Children's Hospital medical staff completed a questionnaire. Knowledge deficits identified were used to create a 9 x 6 cm, name tag sized, laminated card providing physiological parameters and information required for paediatric resuscitation. The card was then distributed to all medical staff. A sample of 18 doctors completed an identical questionnaire 4 months after introduction of the card. Pre- and post-card results were analysed across a range of knowledge domains. Basic calculations were incorrect in over 40% of all pre-card responses. Seniority did not predict more correct answers. The post-card group obtained significantly more correct answers than the pre-card group. Medical staff wore, and were able to use the card to provide the correct values for paediatric resuscitation parameters. The use of a card significantly improved knowledge of the correct values for resuscitation data. This project has resulted in the card being issued to all medical and nursing staff and is now accessible via the Royal Children's Hospital internet at http://perseus.rch.unimelb.edu.au/genmed/resuscardontheweb.htm

Long-term on-chip verification of systems with logical events scattered in time

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate test device, which is expensive as a commercial product, is a commonly used tools in the biomedical field. In this study, a low-cost and effective electronic control unit for erythrocyte sedimentation device was designed and implemented. This microcontroller-based control system manages the circular tray, where blood tubes stay on, for measuring sedimentation level using image processing technique. In order to manage the tray, control unit drives a stepper motor via switching components. Necessary information was transferred to computer via serial port communication in order to display to users. The position of circular tray is sensed for aligning camera and tubes. The measurement number data are taken to microcontroller from RFID Cards using RFID Transceiver. The unit controls also the amount of ambient light in the measurement area. The temperature level of device is measured using temperature sensor and step down by switching on a fan when necessary.