Intelligent Neonatal Monitoring System Based on Android Application using Multi Sensors

Towards automated greenhouse: A state of the art review on greenhouse monitoring methods and technologies based on internet of things

This paper designs an intelligent greenhouse monitoring system to achieve the purpose of intelligent and precise acquisition, storage, and transmission of various data.The main control chip of the system is the STM32F103C8T6 minimum system board, which uses soil moisture sensors, photoresistors, temperature and humidity sensors, raindrop sensors, CO2 sensors, and other sensors to collect data.An OLED display shows the monitored data on site, and an ESP8266 module transmits the data to the ONENET cloud platform via Wi-Fi.Then, an abnormal indoor parameter generates a high-level trigger to activate the buzzer alarm.After physical testing, the intelligent monitoring system can achieve intelligent monitoring of various environmental data such as indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity, light intensity, and air quality.

The challenge pays off: Early enhanced nutritional intake for VLBW small-for-gestation neonates improves long-term outcome

: We compared the electrocardiographic (ECG) and heart rate data from a multi lead electrocardiographic recorder to the pulse rate data obtained from an oxygen saturation (O2 Sat) monitor in 77 pediatric patients undergoing exercise testing for the evaluation of exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB). PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of pulse rate data during exercise in pediatric patients tested for EIB and the ability to document significant diagnostic findings using a multi lead electrocardiographic recorder. METHODS: Seventy-seven pediatric patients were evaluated for EIB utilizing a treadmill protocol designed to exhaust the patient within 6 to 8 minutes and elicit an 85% or greater maximal heart rate response for the last 4 minutes of the protocol. The patients were continuously monitored with a GE Medical Case 8000 ECG recorder and a Nellcor N-595 O2 Sat monitor utilizing a temple oxisensor. The heart rate (HR) and pulse rate (PR) data were indexed against the measured maximal heart rate as a measure of maximal exercise intensity. RESULTS: The average age was 13.6±2.4 years old with 36 males and 71 Caucasian, 5 African Americans and 1 Asian. Weight was 54±16Kilograms; Body Mass Index (BMI) was 21±4. The referral pattern for the patients was 57% from Pediatric Pulmonologists, 26% from community based Pediatricians, 14% from Pediatric Cardiologists and 3% from Pediatric Thoracic Surgeons. The O2 Sat monitor pulse rate function failed in 4/77 patients (5.2%).TableSignificant electrocardiographic findings included pathologic ST depression in 1 patient, continued prolonged QTc during exercise in 1 patient, exercise induced ventricular arrhythmia in 20 patients and exercise induced atrial arrhythmia in 9 patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of a multi lead electrocardiographic recording system for exercise testing in patients evaluated for EIB. This conclusion is based on the documentation of frequent exercise induced electrocardiographic abnormalities and the significantly low pulse rate readings from the O2 sat monitor.

In today's rapidly advancing information technology landscape, the Internet of Things (IoT) has profoundly impacted traditional agriculture. IoT technology, as an intelligent solution, enables real-time data collection, processing, and analysis, significantly enhancing the efficiency and intelligence of agricultural production. Among these advancements, the neural network-based intelligent agricultural monitoring system stands out. This system not only monitors the agricultural production environment in real-time but also employs deep learning algorithms to predict future trends, guiding agricultural practices to achieve precision farming. Therefore, exploring the intelligent agricultural monitoring and control system based on neural networks in the IoT environment holds significant importance.

In this modern era, the number of accidents that occur around us is increasing unprecedently. The reasons for accidents might be the driver’s health issues, drowsiness and alcohol consumption. To prevent accidents and improve the driver’s safety, this research work has proposed a smart and secure transportation system. The proposed paper describes the design and implementation of smart and secure transportation system by using Raspberry Pi and Internet of Things. For alcohol detection, MQ3 sensor is used, and to detect heart attack, pulse sensor is used. Here, a gadget has been proposed with the intention to discover coronary heart assault via tracking the heart rate based on Internet of Things (IoT). Monitoring and alerting an individual, when the comatose gains cognizance by using the movement detection gadget. Two sensors are used to monitor the health of the patient. Pulse sensor is used to monitor the pulse rate functioning of heart. Alcohol sensor is used to detect alcohol percentage in air. By using these sensors, the physical condition of the driver can be detected. The system locks the vehicle if the driver is determined to be alcoholic or with improper pulse rate. Hence, it prevents the road accidents.KeywordsRaspberry PiSecure transportationAlcohol detectionInternet of Things (IoT)PythonArduino boardMicrocontrollerSensors

A deep-learning-assisted versatile electret sensor for moving object detection

Combined with IoT(Internet of Things) network communication technology, sensor technology and cloud computing technology, the existing intelligent environment monitoring system is improved, and a design of intelligent environment monitoring visualization platform based on Internet of things is given. Through this system, the data information of meteorological environment, water quality and main roads can be obtained timely and accurately. Through the development and implementation of system engineering, the feasibility of intelligent environment monitoring visualization platform based on Internet of things is verified.

Intelligent field monitoring system for cruciferous vegetable pests using yellow sticky trap images and an improved Cascade R-CNN

The birth of a child is an exciting and challenging time for parents. The first few years following birth involve an adjustment period as parents work together to balance work, family, infant care, and self-care. Approximately 7 - 15% of parents will have an infant who will spend some amount of time in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). These parents experience the typical stressors associated with parenthood plus the additional stress of worrying about their infant's survival, development, and/or long-term health. After NICU discharge, parents are sent home to care for an ill and/or preterm infant and often continue to worry about rehospitalizations, ongoing health issues, and the long-term consequences of the experience. The impact of the NICU experience and subsequent infant health issues on parental and family outcomes is an understudied area that merits research attention. The current study examined how the NICU experience and subsequent infant health problems that may follow during the first three years after discharge affects parental stress, couple functioning, and family dynamics. A variable known to attenuate stress and family outcomes (i.e., family resources) was included to study the contribution of this factor. Parents with infants who had been discharged from the NICU six months to three years ago were recruited via the Internet and posted flyers (N = 199). Parents reported objective indicators of their infants' health during the NICU admission and at the present time, parenting stress, family burden, couple functioning, and access to family resources. Both parents were invited to participate to gain a more comprehensive picture of perspectives and experiences, and to compare responses of mothers and fathers. However, women (n = 182; 91.5%) greatly outnumbered men (n = 17; 8.5%) almost eleven to one in the sample making comparisons of mothers and fathers statistically underpowered. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that a shorter length of stay in the NICU, less infant rehospitalizations, and additional infant diagnoses following discharge were significant positive predictors of increased parental stress. Moreover, a higher number of medical devices used by the infant at discharge and fewer infant rehospitalizations were associated with poorer couple functioning. Infant use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during the NICU stay, a greater number of medical devices used by the infant during the NICU stay, the more specialists seen in the first year post-discharge, and the more medications currently prescribed, were all associated with greater family burden. Family resources did not significantly moderate (i.e., change or strengthen) the relationships between infant health and each outcome; however, fewer family resources was associated with increased parental stress, poorer couple functioning, and greater family burden. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine sex differences and although no differences were found, analyses were greatly underpowered and should be interpreted with caution. Results suggest that infant health severity, the associated burden of care, and family resources are important contributors for parental and family adjustment. Family-focused interventions that incorporate information and skills on managing their child's health issues, communication between medical providers and parents, transitioning home from the NICU, ways to adaptively coping strategies, and ways to overcome barriers to resources and treatment may be effective mechanisms to prevent negative psychosocial sequelae among NICU parents and families following discharge. Additional implications and future directions are discussed.

Nowadays, the variation of the diseases revolution had become a major thread to the human kind population. The repercussion of this uncontrolled situation had led to the increasing trend regarding to the number of the patient those visited the hospital in order to obtain a treatment from the professional in the medical sector. As the number of the patient is keep increasing by the day, the number of hospital staff still not able to meet the requirement in providing the optimum service to all of their patients. The development of this project is to reduce the burden bear by the hospital staff especially the doctor by the implementation of the IOT technology. The purpose of this study is to develop a system based on the ESP8266 microcontroller that internally installed a WIFI shield provide internet connectivity easily for the user to measure the heart rate and the body temperature. By the help of Arduino environment platform, the IOT based project can be developed. This project will focus in capturing and measure the two parameters from the human body which are the heart rate and the body temperature. The sensor used are heart rate sensor, MAX30100 and the body temperature sensor, MLX90614. As the results, this system will process the raw data from the two sensors into a desire value and display the data on the OLED display and the application display. The implementation of IOT technology to this system will provide a continuous data streaming through thinger.io website and showing a live development of patients for the user who is has the permission access by only using their own smart devices. Based on the finding, its shows that the comparison percentage deviation between heartbeat sensor and blood pressure monitor is 3.37% and the comparison percentage deviation between body temperature sensor and digital thermometer is 0.54%. The Graphical User Interface through Internet of Things (IOT) application system is proven to monitor accurately for heartbeat sensor measurement and body temperature sensor measurement.

One of the technological advances in the medical world that have become increasingly popular in recent years is the use of telemedicine. Remote patient monitoring systems are designed to obtain many physiological data from patients. This aims to allow the medical team to control the homecare patient’s condition in real-time. The monitoring system directly uses the IoT method and the data will be delivered to the medical team via the Telegram application site. The data obtained is the result of the patient’s blood pressure using the MPX5050DP series air pressure sensor, the heart rate with a beats-per-minute (bpm) count using a pulse sensor, and body temperature with the MLX90614 infrared heat sensor. The patient monitoring system performs data collection with an accuracy of 96.62% systolic blood pressure and 94.74% diastolic value. For the average pulse rate, an accuracy of 92.4% and an accuracy of the value obtained by body temperature is 97.3%.

Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) consists of positioning the diaper-clad infant against the parent's chest and is considered a nursing practice rooted in family-centered care (FCC).1 SSC implies simultaneous parental presence and helps to facilitate their involvement from the earliest hours of their preterm infants' lives as this intervention is delivered by parents.1 FCC has gained worldwide popularity in recent years to promote parental presence and active participation of parents in care during neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) hospitalization.2 Both practices relate to developmental care (DC), which regroups specific interventions aimed at reducing stress and improving infant neurological development.3 It is well recognized that promoting SSC and FCC are recommended in the NICU, given its many health benefits for preterm infants and parents. SSC has been found to favor maternal attachment, enhance paternal role achievement and interactive behavior, reduce maternal and paternal anxiety, and promote infants' long-term cognitive development.4, 5 On the other hand, FCC can improve the clinical outcomes of preterm infants such as greater weight gain, as well as the psychological well-being of the parents.6 More specifically, parental involvement in NICU care is associated with reduced infants' length of hospital stay and collaboration with professionals increased parental satisfaction.7 Daily maternal presence during NICU hospitalization is associated with a decrease in emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children.8 Noteworthy, parental presence during NICU hospitalization with more frequent holding of their infant in their arms, is associated with better infants' neurobehavioral development, such as better quality of movements and reduced arousal, at term equivalent age.9 Given their benefits and driven by the DC philosophy, nurses should encourage SSC as well as FCC to provide parents with opportunities for collaboration and care involvement in the NICU. Yet, significant barriers may impede nurses from implementing SSC and FCC in the NICU, namely the lack of adequate training for nurses about SSC.10 As optimal implementation of FCC and SSC may depend on the nurses' perceptions of these DC practices, along with the training and education about these practices provided in the NICU, the aim of this manuscript is to explore the association between NICU nurses' perceptions about SSC and FCC and their unit's ability to provide FCC and SSC. Secondary analysis was performed from a larger comparative international study that was conducted between October 2017 and July 2018, where 202 NICU nurses completed paper or online questionnaires on their perceptions about their unit provision of FCC and SSC.11 Prior to the beginning of the study, ethical approval was obtained in both Canada (MP-21-2018-1854) and France (20181306005 and CNIL 2211490 v0). Nurses were recruited from four level III university-affiliated NICUs (intensive and intermediate care) in Canada and France admitting infants born between 23 and 40 weeks of gestational age. Total number of beds ranged from 30 to 65 in Canada and from 26 to 54 in France. The number of nurses working in the NICUs in France varied from 60 to 100 and in Canada from 113 to 190. Nurses' mean age was 33.9 ± 9.1 years, and they had a mean of 8.1 ± 7.0 years of neonatal care experience, and a mean of 7.1 ± 6.9 years on the sampled unit. Most were women (97.5%, 197/202) and almost half of the sample worked during the day (49.7%, 94/189) followed by the night (27.0%, 51/189), the evening (7.9%, 15/189), and rotation across the three shifts (15.30%, 29/189). Eighty-five nurses (42.1%, 85/202) in our sample had completed a bachelor's degree. The SSC questionnaire evaluated NICU nurses' attitudes and knowledge about SSC as well as their perception of their unit's SSC training and education in addition to implementation.12 It contained 20 items with a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 "never" to 5 "always". It is separated into four subscales: knowledge (five items), personal attitudes and beliefs (four items), staff training and education (five items), as well as the unit-level implementation of SSC (six items). Training and education, and implementation refer to several aspects of the practice of SSC, including the availability of guidelines for its practice, proper training of health care professionals in SSC, interdisciplinary collaboration in supporting SSC, and adequate implementation on the unit.12 Higher scores reflect more favorable perceptions. The FCC questionnaire inquires as to the nurses' perceptions of whether the unit staff respects families, collaborates with them, and provides support.13 It included 20 items with a four-point Likert scale ranging from 1 "never" to 4 "always" divided among three subscales: respect (six items), collaboration (nine items), and support (five items). Scores of the subscales could vary from 6 to 24 (respect), 9 to 36 (collaboration), and 5 to 20 (support) while the total score could range from 20 to 80. Higher scores on each subscale in addition to the total score indicate more favorable perceptions that their unit is providing these aspects of FCC. Both questionnaires had adequate validity and reliability in French and English versions.12-14 Descriptive analyses (mean, standard deviation) were calculated for the subscales of each questionnaire as well as for the FCC questionnaire total score. Associations between subscale and total scale scores of FCC and SSC questionnaires were explored using Pearson's correlations. Descriptive analyses were also computed to describe the demographic data of the sample. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v.26 with an alpha of 0.05. The nurses' mean scores for all subscales and total scores of the SSC and FCC questionnaires were shown in Table 1 and the correlations among these scores were shown in Table 2. Nurses' total FCC score (64.79/80), in addition to their SSC attitude subscale score (18.24/20) and knowledge subscale score (21.53/25) were high (Table 1). Results show that the nurses' FCC total score was significantly correlated with all SSC subscales scores, ranging from weak (0.17) to moderate (0.30) correlations (Table 2). Our findings indicated that the nurses' favorable perceptions that their unit is providing FCC are minimally associated with greater SSC personal knowledge (0.17) and attitudes (0.19), as well as with their better perceptions of their unit performance in terms of training and education (0.24) along with SSC implementation (0.30). Among all subscales of both practices, the highest correlations were found between the nurses' perceptions of their NICU providing support to families (FCC support subscale score) and SSC available training and education (0.29) as well as between the FCC support subscale score and SSC implementation on their unit (0.31). In addition, a similar association (0.30) was found between the nurses' perceptions of their unit's implementation of SSC and the total score of care being family-centered in their NICU. This secondary analysis offers an exploration of how nurses' perceptions about their NICU's ability to provide FCC are associated with SSC and brings new knowledge to guide neonatal practice. Overall nurses considered that their unit performed well with respect to FCC and their knowledge and attitudes about SSC were favorable. It is interesting to note the associations between the nurses' perceptions that their NICU provides support to parents and the staff training and education as well as implementation of SSC in the NICU. These findings might be interpreted to indicate that when SSC training and education are available and provided to nurses in addition to being well implemented in their neonatal unit, nurses have more favorable perceptions that their NICU supports FCC and vice versa. Enhancement of DC practices not only requires positive nurses' perceptions but also high professional competency in addition to favorable organizational structures which can be maintained through educational nursing training on DC as well as proper management support.15 A recent study showed that a virtual education program can improve NICU nurses' DC perceptions and knowledge.16 Accordingly, fostering the implementation of these practices in NICU settings could be accomplished through implementation science research related to either FCC or SSC. Nurses embracing favorable perceptions regarding their unit performance of FCC and SSC might translate into positive health outcomes for preterm infants and their parents. Interventions during NICU hospitalization such as SSC should be implemented in addition to other DC practices as these interventions encourage parents' presence and involvement in the care of their infant.17 As our study nurses worked mostly on the day shift, our findings may be explained by possibly greater parental presence and care involvement during the day where parents may request these practices, which in return may facilitate FCC and support nurses' favorable attitudes towards SSC. The nurses' knowledge and favorable attitudes concerning SSC may also be accounted for by their educational level as a higher degree of education has been associated with more SSC knowledge and favorable attitudes18 and close to 45% of our sample of nurses had completed a bachelor's nursing degree. As one component of FFC, SSC is credited as one of the most powerful interventions that is performed by parents with benefits for both parents and preterm infants.1 Although SSC and FCC could be considered as separate practices in DC, this secondary analysis shows that NICUs promoting one of those practices appear to also support the other. Hence, nurses who perceive that their unit performs well in providing FCC to parents also perceive their unit implements SSC and provides training and education about SSC. Highlighting this relationship is essential from theoretical and practical perspectives to better understand DC as a concept with integrated rather than independent components. This view of DC philosophy could guide neonatal clinical practices and encourage nurses to promote one intervention by supporting the other. As such, nurses who would aim to help parents achieve SSC in NICU are also supporting FCC, and therefore expose infants and parents to the combined known benefits of both practices. Noteworthy, an intervention about teaching staff how to work collaboratively with parents was found to increase parental presence in the NICU and SSC19 in addition to the quality of FCC according to both parents' and nurses' perceptions.20 Accordingly, focusing on training nurses to be able to work in collaboration with parents to provide care and enhance the implementation of DC practices. Future research should also consider investigating the relationship between any of these DC practices to build on evidence to support this unified view of DC interventions. The ethical approval was obtained in both Canada (MP-21-2018-1854) and in France (20181306005) and CNIL 2211490 v0). Thank you the Réseau de recherche en interventions infirmières du Québec/Quebec Network on Nursing Intervention Research [RRISIQ] for funding. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a big problem that scares people all over the world. Life over the world has changed, new aspects for daily life have been introduced. A main problem with COVID-19 is the way it spreads. Covid-19 spreads, primarily, through contact with an infected person when they cough or sneeze, or with an infected surface. Thus, a novel way to make a protection against COVID-19 is to stay away or make yourself isolated from infected people and surfaces. To this end, this work, mainly, aims to design and develop a novel auto-sterilized suit embedded with some medical sensors and other Internet of Things (IoT) devices to provide the required level of isolation, safety, tracking and monitoring of COVID-19 and other pandemic diseases. The developed suit is an auto-sterilized suit for medical purposes and for daily life use. The sterilizing process of the suit is controlled by the IoT paradigm to provide the required control and interface in an automated way. According to the location of the user, wearing the suit, an appropriate sterilizing mode is activated automatically and the suit is sterilized via distributed nozzles over the suit. Furthermore, the distributed medical sensors represent a wireless body area network (WBAN) that is integrated with an IoT gateway to provide periodic measures of medical healthcare parameters such as body temperature, breathing rate, oxygen saturation level and pulse rate. These measures are used to identify the user’s health and the probability of being infected by COVID-19. All measures are transferred to the remote IoT cloud to analyze these data and monitor people around the day. In case of unusual measures, users are moved among three databases associated with health, infected and properly infected users. The suit is under prototyping and the work is mainly introduced to present the design stages.

Giving birth to a premature or sick infant is a stressful event for parents. The parents' presence and participation in the care of the infant is fundamental to reduce this stress and to provide optimal care for both the premature or sick infant and family. A full term pregnancy is estimated to last between 37 and 40 weeks. Preterm infants born before 28 week (5.1%) are defined as extremely preterm, while those who are born between 28 to 31 weeks (10.3%) are defined as very preterm. The majority of the preterm (84.1%) are born between 32 to 37 week and may have significant medical problems requiring prolonged hospitalization.The prevalence of preterm birth is increasing worldwide. More than one in ten babies are born preterm annually. This is equal to 15 million preterm infants born globally and the second largest direct cause of deaths in children below five. The highest rates of preterm birth are in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia (more than 60%) and the lowest rates are in Northern Africa, Western Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. The preterm birth rates in the developing countries vary widely and follow a different pattern than in high income countries.The preterm birth rate has increased between 1990 and 2010 with an average of 0.8% annually in almost all countries. Morbidity among critically ill newborn and preterm infants vary widely from no late effects to severe complications, such as visual or hearing impairment, chronic lung disease, growth failure in infancy and specific learning impairments, dyslexia and reduced academic achievement. Full term infants may also experience significant health problems requiring neonatal intensive care. The most common reasons for a full term infant to be admitted to a NICU after birth are temperature instability, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal mortality. Admission of a full term newborn infant from home within the first four weeks after birth is due to jaundice, dehydration, respiratory complications, feeding difficulties, urinary tract infection, diarrhea and meningitis.In the last two to three decades, technological advances in neonatalogy have improved the survival rates of critically ill and preterm infants.Two major issues have influenced the design of the NICU wards: i) the increased volume of preterm infants with extremely low gestational age who need neonatalogy assistance, and ii) the impact of the parents' presence in the NICU to support the infant's development.The health status of preterm babies can have a significant impact on the family wellbeing and function. The separation between the preterm infant and the parents is a threat to the attachment and bonding process. Worldwide, there has been a paradigm shift in the NICUs over the last decade, inviting parents to be admitted together with the infant or at least to spend most of the day together with their critical ill and preterm infant in the NICU. Parental involvement increases the performing of Kangaroo Mother Care during the admission in the NICU and increases parental preparedness for discharge to home. This change prepares the parents to take over tasks such as nurturing and feeding. The parents are the most important caregivers for the infant during the admission in the NICU and their co-admission increases the bonding and prepare the parents for the transition discharged to home.Family centered care (FCC) based on a partnership between families and professionals is described as essential in current research on neonatal care. Family centered care is facilitated by parental involvement, communication based on mutuality and respect, and unrestricted parental presence in the NICU. According to Mikkelsen and Frederiksen, the central attribute of FCC is partnership with the core value of mutuality and common goals.A NICU is a high-tech setting where highly specialized professionals care for premature or critically ill infants. During the infants' hospitalization, the relationship between parents and nurses evolves through an interchange of roles and responsibilities. However, this collaboration is challenging due to a discrepancy between parents' and nurses' expectations of their roles.To facilitate parents' skin-to-skin contact and involvement in their infant's care, NICUs are now redesigned to facilitate parents' "24-hour" presence, also called "rooming-in". Seporo et al. describes several benefits with "rooming-in" the NICUs. Staying in the same room increases infants' and parents' possibility for "skin-to-skin care". This improves the infant's sleep time and temperature regulation, decreased crying and need for oxygen, increases parental confidence and positive infant-parent interaction. Parents' experience of "skin-to-skin care" and "rooming in" may help parents to be acquainted with their infant and thus prepare for the transition to home. However, despite these positive effects of rooming-in, some negative effects, e.g. less sleep and lack of privacy, have been described by parents who have stayed with their child in a pediatric unit.The hospitalization may challenge the normal attachment process and parents' confidence as caregivers; parents' preparation for bringing the infant home is thus essential. The infant's discharge from the NICU is experienced as a moment of mixed feelings. Going home is a happy event, but at the same time it is combined with parental anxiety. Parents' pervasive uncertainty, medical concerns and adjustment to the new parental and partner-adjustment role are common concerns. To make parents confident and prepared for taking their infant home tailored information, guidance and hands-on experience caring for their infant before discharge is crucial.During the literature research we became aware of a systematic narrative review protocol by Parascandolo et al.'s concerning nurses', midwives', doctors' and parents' experiences of the preterm infants' discharge to home. The aim of our comprehensive review is to perform a metasynthesis on parents' perspectives and their experiences of transition from discharge from NICU to home. We will include qualitative primary studies to offer a deeper understanding of the parent perspective.