Intelligent Parking System based on Internet of Things

In view of the intelligent demand of modern large-scale parking lot and based on the enormous application advantages of fog computing on the Internet of things and the unique characteristics of NB-IoT technology, the design and application of NB-IoT technology which is based on fog computing in parking system model architecture is proposed, to promote parking systems to be more intelligent, increase efficiency, reduce expenses, and increase efficiency. The system model design adopts four-layer structure: Perception Layer, Network Layer, Cloud-Fog Platform Layer and User Layer, and uses the technical characteristics and advantages such as Fog Computing and NB-IoT to make data analysis, storage, calculation, exchange and communication in the system more integrated, fluent, and real-time. Meanwhile, the model is built into a low-latency, wide-coverage, highly intelligent parking system, and its research results provide totally new ideas and solutions to the drawbacks of the existing parking systems.

Parking information system with artificial neural network

This paper explains the design and fabrication of an intelligent, user-friendly parking system developed in the United Arab Emirates. The need for a smart parking system was assessed by conducting a survey on the current parking issues. This paper elaborates on the hardware and software realization of the proposed parking system developed for motorists to locate vacant parking using mobile application. The various types of vehicle detection sensors available in the market have been evaluated for the implementation of the system. The main objective of this paper is to build a prototype intelligent parking system with maximum accuracy. The goal of the project was to control the detection modules wirelessly through a customized mobile application, allowing ease of operation and maintenance. While the users can enjoy better comfort and safety, the focus is to create a self-reliable, and ecologically sustainable system while reducing searching time, fuel wastage resulting in lower carbon footprint. The mobile application has been developed using Android Studio, and the results are presented in this paper.

Dynamic pricing and reservation for intelligent urban parking management

Parking management systems often need to improve due to outdated infrastructure, inefficient manual processes, and the lack of automation, resulting in increased congestion and poor user experience.Traditional parking management systems, reliant on manual license plate entry and outdated payment methods, need help to meet modern demands.In response, this research introduces a novel Intelligent Parking System (IPS) that leverages automatic License Plate Recognition (LPR) with a YOLO model for real-time detection and recognition of vehicle license plates.By eliminating the need for sensors and manual data entry, our system enhances accuracy, reduces maintenance costs, and optimizes parking operations.Furthermore, integrating QR code-based payment simplifies and accelerates the payment process, reducing wait times and improving user experience.This approach addresses the growing need for scalable and adaptable parking solutions in smart city initiatives.Through this research, the IPS provides a scalable, intelligent alternative to conventional parking systems, contributing to smarter urban environments.

This chapter discusses the role of cloud computing and intelligent parking systems in sustainable smart cities, addressing challenges like traffic congestion, pollution, and resource inefficiency. These technologies enhance urban mobility, reduce environmental impact, and improve quality of life in cities facing rapid urbanization worldwide. This chapter offers a thorough analysis of the integration of cloud computing and intelligent parking systems in sustainable urban development, highlighting successful implementations and lessons learned. It also explores potential future developments and policy considerations to facilitate widespread adoption of these technologies, highlighting the importance of global best practices.

This paper proposes a robust design of Hybrid Fuzzy Controller for speed and steering angle control in an Intelligent Autonomous Parking System (IAPS). The Hybrid Fuzzy Controller consists of a Base Fuzzy Controller (BFC) and a Supervisory Fuzzy Decision Tree Controller (SFDTC). The BFC evolves from previous work on fuzzy logic control for unmanned parking and it ensures that optimal parking trajectory is achieved with minimal computational cost. SFDTC further increases the system robustness when there is noise in the operating environment. The design of SFDTC combines Decision Tree theory and fuzzy inference mechanism. A data training process is also formulated to achieve better control performance. As a result, IAPS equipped with the new Hybrid Fuzzy Controller with Fuzzy Decision Tree (HFC-FDT) demonstrates optimal performance with faster convergence and minimal deviation from optimal parking trajectory. The detailed design of Supervisory Fuzzy Decision Tree Controller is presented in this paper with a MATLAB simulated experiment which concludes the superior performance of the new design.

Rapid urbanization and urban development must meet the requirements of smart green growth and sustainable development of Vietnam. Hence, these are the top challenges to be tackled by urban managers. Therefore, urban management databases must be accurate, relevant, and transparent. At the same time, simple access databases will enable users to quickly find the information they need. A combination of attribute data and spatial data is a smart and effective tool. Realistic data, integrated with the Internet of Things, or IoT, makes breakthroughs in the management of urban development by enabling managers and citizens to access real-time data and make effective urban management decisions. Within the framework of this study, a geodatabase was compiled to support effective urban management and information accessibility for the general public in Thai Nguyen city. The database was made in VB.net and later integrated into the Geographic Information System (GIS) to enable users to access, search, analyze, process, and manage the database information. The database will support decision making by urban managers. The co-authors’ findings, on factors affecting urban management, show that local management does limit violations of urban construction regulations. This model will address the main factors affecting urban management (Community Participation, Information Technology, Law and Communication) and improve the urban management efficiency.

To effectively improve the operation, management, and service level of the intelligent park, a preliminary study and discussion is conducted on the design and implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) information system in the intelligent park. Firstly, the hardware architecture and technical scheme of the information system of intelligent park based on Internet of things and cloud computing are proposed, and the information system architecture of the intelligent park is introduced. The construction of the system architecture is based on the three-tier architecture of perception, network and application; secondly, based on this system architecture, the functions of each component of the information system are explained from the perception layer, network layer and application layer, and some typical sensors in the system are introduced; finally, the system is analyzed experimentally.The results show that the system can realize the interconnection among various communication terminals and improve the efficiency of cooperation among various systems.It can be concluded that the information system of the intelligent park based on cloud computing and Internet of things can achieve the desired effect.

Today, intelligence in all walks of life is developing at an unexpectedly fast speed. The complexity of the Internet of Things (IoT) big data system of intelligent parks is analyzed to unify the information transmission of various industries, such as smart transportation, smart library, and smart medicine, thereby diminishing information islands. The traditional IoT systems are analyzed; on this basis, a relay node is added to the transmission path of the data information, and an intelligent park IoT big data system is constructed based on relay cooperation with a total of three hops. Finally, the IoT big data system is simulated and tested to verify its complexity. Results of energy efficiency analysis suggest that when the power dividing factor is 0.5, 0.1, and 0.9, the energy efficiency of the IoT big data system first increases and then decreases as α0 increases, where the maximum value appears when α0 is about 7 J. Results of outage probability analysis demonstrate that the system’s simulation result is basically the same as that of the theoretical result. Under the same environment, the more hop paths the system has, the more the number of relays is; moreover, the larger the fading index m, the better the system performance, and the lower the outage possibility. Results of transmission accuracy analysis reveal that the IoT big data system can provide a result that is the closest to the actual result when the successful data transmission probability is 100%, and the parameter λ values are between 0.01 and 0.05; in the meantime, the delay of successful data transmission is reduced gradually. In summary, the wireless relay cooperation transmission technology can reduce the outage probability and data transmission delay probability of the IoT big data system in the intelligent park by adding the multihop path, thereby improving the system performance. The above results can provide an experimental basis for exploring the complexity of IoT systems in intelligent parks.

With rapid increase in population in urban cities, availability of parking space is real issue. This parking issue lead to traffic and encroachment of roads for parking. With implementation of smart cities is real time development, smart parking is integral part of this development. Intelligent parking system describe in this paper solve the parking issue and fits in the smart city development, this system is based on cloud-based parking system where user is able to get location of parking spot with helps sensors network and cloud computing. The user is updated with real time data of available parking spot near their destination, and they can choose the spot according to their convenience. The main components of the system are sensor layer, hardware layer, cloud layer and application layer. The sensor layer is controlled by Arduino board or other system on chip which manages the data collected by sensors, this data is sent to cloud through hardware layer cloud layer manages the data accordingly and data is sent to users’ application on the reception of request through application. This interconnection of all the layers is main aspect of IoT (Internet of Things). This system will help user to get the spot in hassle free and quick way.

The rapid evolution of the smart city ecosystem has placed the Internet of Things (IoT) at the forefront of city mobility innovation. As cities grapple with rising population, growing vehicle density, and increased environmental pressures, modern IoT-based solutions have emerged as the key enablers of smarter, more efficient transportation systems. Within the landscape, Parking 4.0, an integrated, IoT-enhanced smart parking paradigm, has transformed how cities manage space, mobility, and user expectations. This study examines the strategic role of IoT-enabled technologies in reshaping modern intelligent parking systems and the development of urban mobility performance. The paper examines the main architectural elements, technical requirements, and security factors associated with such solutions, thus highlighting both their transformative potential and the associated challenges. The results indicate that IoT-enhanced parking systems play a pivotal role in reducing congestion, enhancing sustainability, and improving overall mobility efficiency within dynamic smart city ecosystems.

There have been many attempts to predict new markets, including a new market for internet of things (IoT)-based healthcare and the IoT platform’s ability to offer a variety of applications. It is anticipated that the market for these devices will continue to grow as the healthcare sector undergoes fast expansion. IoT can measure a user’s kinetic data (calorie consumption, distance, number of steps, etc.) using wearable healthcare equipment. Most of the recent top research on IoT-based healthcare wearable devices (IWHDs) has, up to this point, concentrated on potential users. The medical industry and healthcare are being quickly changed by the use and adoption of wearable healthcare devices. This study intended to uncover the mediating impacts of “perceived ease of use”, “perceived usefulness”, and “community immersion” on the interactions between influencing factors (personalization, service convenience, interactivity), and the intention to utilize IHWDs. The moderating role of a consumer’s innovativeness in the influence link between IHWD features on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness was also examined. The study found that personalization has a direct (+) impact on usage intention. Through this, it would be feasible to raise the intention of wearable medical devices being accepted if customized benefits that are thoroughly examined just for individuals are supplied. The association between personalization and continued use intention was shown to be partially mediated by perceived utility and community immersion. Additionally, the association between interactivity and continued use intention, was fully mediated by perceived usefulness and community immersion. By analyzing the elements influencing the usage intention of wearable healthcare devices, this study offers a marketing plan to increase the number of users. The internet of medical things (IoMT) sector has had compound growth of approximately 26% from 2018 to 2021, which is a remarkable accomplishment. The effectiveness of factors affecting IoT usage was examined in this study when applied to the actual IoT industry. First, patients with diabetes who previously had to check their blood sugar levels through a blood test can now check it through lifestyle management and steady glucose monitoring through IoMT glucose monitoring when the convenience and individuality of the service are improved. So far, 10% of all Americans have benefited from this device. Second, as an illustration of interactivity, an IoMT-connected inhaler used to assist asthma sufferers with breathing, notifies the user when the inhaler is left at home and reminds them of appropriate times to use the device. This subsequently resulted in saving 1 life out of every 3 deaths. In addition, the findings of this study may also provide a turning point for the design and development of cutting-edge IoT-based healthcare goods and services.

Research that connects the effects of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystem services is lacking. Ants perform multifarious ecological functions that stabilize ecosystems and contribute to a number of ecosystem services. We studied responses of ant communities to urbanization in the Lake Tahoe basin by sampling sites along a gradient of urban land development. We sampled ant communities, measured vegetation characteristics, quantified human activities, and evaluated ant-community responses by grouping ants into service-providing units (SPUs), defined as a group of organisms and their populations that perform specific ecosystem services, to provide an understanding of urbanization impacts on biodiversity and their delivery of ecosystem services. Species richness and abundance peaked at intermediate levels of urban development, as did the richness of 3 types of ant SPUs (aerators, decomposers, and compilers). With increasing land development aerator and decomposer ants significantly declined in abundance, whereas compiler ants significantly increased in abundance. Competing models demonstrated that precipitation was frequently among the strongest influences on ant community structure; however, urban development and human activities also had a strong, negative influence on ants, appearing in most models with DeltaAIC(c) < 2 for species richness and abundance patterns of SPUs and generalists. Response diversity was observed within SPUs, which suggests that the corresponding ecosystem services were maintained until development reached 30-40%. Our data provide evidence that ecosystem functions, such as water infiltration and soil productivity, may be diminished at sites subject to greater levels of urbanization and that conserving ant communities and the ecosystem services they provide could be an important target in land-use planning and conservation efforts.

The Internet of Things (IoT), a solely original computer paradigm, first appeared years ago. Its significance is demonstrated by the way it links the physical and digital worlds to achieve a significant benefit. The IoT is a network of internet-connected devices that enables widespread connections and interactions with other embedded devices, services, and people. With the growing need for smart services in smart cities, this paper focuses on the development of intelligent vehicular management systems in these cities. Here, the devices used in IoT have embedded systems that take the data from the environment. The data is transferred through a wireless network and a gateway to a carrier network. All the data will be stored at Application Enablement Platforms (AEP) which seem like web servers. The data is analyzed through big data analytics platforms. Finally, the devices and gateway remote management platforms distribute the new versions and upgrades to all devices. The primary parameters for determining road conditions include traffic flow rates, air quality, meteorological characteristics, and signal status as indicated by the received signal intensity for both road and intra-vehicular settings. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons and mobile applications are employed for smart parking and navigation system, public transportation system, traffic size monitoring, and health-related issues for passengers.