Interacting with multi-perspective views

Metadata schema for virtual building models in digital twins: VB schema implemented in GPT-based applications

Smart factory research has primarily concentrated on the manufacturing sector, without taking the building sector into closer consideration. Combining these two ventures can lead to a variety of synergies to minimize the CO2 emissions of existing buildings. By producing facade and roof panels on an industrial scale for energetic refurbishments, Construction 4.0 and prefabrication can make a significant contribution to achieving climate targets. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to identify, how data of a virtual building can be used in procurement logistics of a smart factory. To achieve this, this paper follows a case study analysis. At the beginning, the procedure of developing a virtual building model is described. This is followed by the design of the inbound workflows of a smart factory in the construction industry. The findings demonstrate how the information from virtual building models can be leveraged to control procurement processes of a smart factory.

Connecting users to virtual worlds within MPEG-V standardization

VRML —the Virtual Reality Modeling Language— has estab-lished as the standard description language for 3D worlds on theInternet. Although it recently has been extended by features inorder to support behaviors and user interactions, enablingauthors to realize interactive virtual worlds, there is still a lack ofsupport to share such worlds with other users.In this paper we will present our approach on supportinglarge-scaled shared virtual worlds based on VRML by an appro-priate network infrastructure as well as mechanisms to partitionthese worlds. We will show how virtual worlds can be populatedby world-wide distributed users and applications, and the re-quirements to share behaviors and interactions between those.CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: C.2.2 [ComputerCommunication Networks]: Network Protocols; C.2.4 [Com-puter Communication Networks]: Distributed Systems -Dis-tributed applications; H.5.1 [Information Interfaces and Pre-sentation] Multimedia Information Systems - ArtificialRealities; I.3.2 [Computer Graphics]: Graphics Systems -Dis-tributed/network graphics;I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Meth-odology and Techniques - Interaction Techniques; I.3.7. [Com-puter Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism -Virtual Reality;Additional Keywords Virtual reality modeling language(VRML), multiuser environments, subdivision of shared virtualworlds, multicasting.

CavePainting is an artistic medium that uses a 3D analog of 2D brush strokes to create 3D works of art in a fully immersive Cave environment. Physical props and gestures are used to provide an intuitive interface for artists who may not be familiar with virtual reality. The system is designed to take advantage of the 8 ft. x 8 ft. x 8 ft. space in which the artist works. CavePainting enables the artist to create a new type of art and provides a novel approach to viewing this art after it has been created. In this paper, we describe CavePainting’s 3D brush strokes, color pickers, artwork viewing mode, and interface. We also present several works of art created using the system along with feedback from artists. Artists are excited about this form of art and the gestural, full-body experience of creating it. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.6 [Computer Graphics]: Methodology and Techniques - Interaction Techniques; I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism Virtual Reality; J.5 [Arts and Humanities]: Fine Arts Additional Key Words: 3D painting, 3D modeling, gestures, tangible user interface, Cave

There has been growing interest in the development of new approaches and technologies for bridging the human-computer barrier. Hand gesture recognition is considered as an interaction technique having potential to communicate with machines. Human computer interaction (HCI) was never an easy task and lots of approaches are available to build such systems. Hand gesture recognition (HGR) using wearable data glove provides a solution to build a HCI system, but lags in terms of its computational time and poor interface. Pattern matching is one more solution which uses vision based techniques and provides strong interface to build HCI systems. But again, it requires complex algorithms which takes lots of computational time and hence limits its use in real time HCI applications. In this paper, we presented an eccentric approach for hand gesture recognition which is simple, fast and user independent and can be used to develop real time HCI applications. Based on proposed algorithm we built a system for Indian Sign Language recognition which converts Indian Sign numbers into text. The algorithm first captures the image of single handed gesture of speech/hearing impaired person using simple webcam and then using our proposed algorithm it classifies the gesture into its appropriate class. It uses simple logical conditions for gesture classification which make its use in real time HCI applications.

Today’s smartphones provide the technical means to serve as interfaces for public displays in various ways. Even though recent research has identified several new approaches for mobile-display interaction, inter-technique comparisons of respective methods are scarce. The authors conducted an experimental user study on four currently relevant mobile-display interaction techniques (‘Touchpad’, ‘Pointer’, ‘Mini Video’, and ‘Smart Lens’) and learned that their suitability strongly depends on the task and use case at hand. The study results indicate that mobile-display interactions based on a traditional touchpad metaphor are time-consuming but highly accurate in standard target acquisition tasks. The direct interaction techniques Mini Video and Smart Lens had comparably good completion times, and especially Mini Video appeared to be best suited for complex visual manipulation tasks like drawing. Smartphone-based pointing turned out to be generally inferior to the other alternatives. Examples for the application of these differentiated results to real-world use cases are provided.

Providing natural hand interaction between a virtual object and a user on Augmented Reality is a major issue to manipulate a rendered object in a convenient way. Conventional 2D image-based recognition and interaction technique in AR has a limitation to perform a natural interaction between the user and the virtual object. In this paper, we present a stereo-vision based natural 3D hand interaction with the augmented object. In the proposed 3D hand interaction approach, 3D hand location and finger direction can be easily obtained by using stereo-vision technique while user hand is approaching to the virtual object. Two types of hand manipulation for the augmented object such as the hand pointing and hand pinching are defined. The collision detection between user hand and the virtual object is determined by using a simple ray casting emitted from the user's finger-point against the virtual object in the case of hand pointing. In the hand pinching, the collision is occurred when the thumb and the index finger are approaching to the object and the degree of angle between two fingers becomes a predetermined value. From the experiments, the proposed 3D hand interaction method can control the virtual object in a natural way rather than using a vision-based 2D hand interaction since the stereo-vision technique can obtain the depth information from the AR environments.

Implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM) methods in education to support lecturing, consulting, and decision-making cooperates in shaping an environmentally conscious student’s design approach. Within KEA’s bachelor in Architectural Technology and Construction Management (ATCO), the didactic supports digitalisation for building design and production. About the design aspects, for instance, in the 4th semester, 3D virtual digital building models are developed via BIM software with engineered timber load-bearing structural system, parametric formulas for embodied CO2 volumes calculation, thermal requirements, envelope design, light transmittance, low energy consumption, adequate acoustic conditions, and good indoor climate conditions. These factors can play an essential role in actual and future carbon-neutral buildings. Regarding production, environmentally friendly buildings use sustainable materials and efficient operational solutions and handle the BIM data and metadata in the corresponding Common Data Environment (CDE). In this fashion, production, operation and maintenance phases can be run appropriately. As a study case, we bring the KEA ATCO’s 4th semester mandatory joint assignment based on a combination of students’ group and individual work. The assignment requires BIM methods and CDE to control sustainability parameters related to the manufacturing and the site operation.

The design of the civil engineering works in High Speed Two (HS2) is a good example of what can be achieved when the Building Information Modelling (BIM) process is embraced. Central to the BIM process is a three-dimensional (3D) model that communicates the civil design to enable construction, asset management, operation and maintenance in a fully collaborative and coordinated multi-disciplinary environment. Software developers of leading BIM packages have responded to the requirements of HS2 and similar projects by delivering feature-rich applications to enable design and BIM to go hand-in-hand. HS2, however, is under a tight programme to deliver a 3D model with a Level of Detail (LOD) beyond what has been required on most projects to date, and this has resulted in exhaustive testing of the software. Such requirements have identified gaps in the BIM software tools for drainage designers. Drainage designers utilise hydraulic modelling software to design and test their designs. This software must be efficient, reliable and, most importantly, have all the design tools necessary to design and test a drainage network to meet the client’s requirements. HS2 Ltd’s requirements under the Asset Data Dictionary Definition Document (AD4) are to provide spatially accurate 3D models along with detailed and relevant asset data. The integrated project team delivering the HS2 Area North works opted to achieve this by delivering fully attributed BIM models. However, software developers of leading drainage design packages do not have the BIM capabilities required to provide a BIM model with the LOD required in HS2 on their own. They must be integrated with a BIM software. This leaves drainage designers using two separate systems with a requirement to integrate two software packages to work seamlessly together in a BIM environment. To overcome this, a suite of tools was developed using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to convert from MicroDrainage (a drainage design tool) to Bentley OpenRoads Designer (a BIM package) and fully attribute the BIM models. The tools have been developed specifically for HS2 feature definitions and requirements, however, with further development, they could be customisable for use on other projects thus improving the level of detail, accuracy and efficiency future deliverables on future projects.

Interoperability and data exchange within BIM platform to evaluate building energy performance and indoor comfort

[ID] Perkembangan dunia konstruksi yang semakin maju menuntut semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proyek konstruksi untuk mencari solusi yang tepat dalam menyelesaikan proyek konstruksi secara efektif dan efisien. Salah satu aspek penting dalam sebuah proyek konstruksi adalah perhitungan volume, karena kesalahan dalam perhitungan ini dapat menyebabkan kerugian yang besar. Sebelum adanya metode building information modeling (BIM), metode konvensional yang umum digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan gambar CAD dan perangkat lunak Microsoft Excel untuk melakukan perhitungan volume. Namun, metode konvensional ini memakan waktu yang cukup lama karena dilakukan secara manual. Metode BIM memiliki kelebihan dalam menghemat biaya, waktu, dan tenaga karena memungkinkan perencana untuk mengelola data secara presisi dan detail dalam permodelan 3D bangunan serta menghitung quantity take off. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model struktur 3D dan menghitung quantity take off pada volume pekerjaan dan material bangunan Gedung Poltekkes Kota Palangka Raya dengan menggunakan metode BIM. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada gedung tersebut dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang didapat dari konsultan perencana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perancangan dan pemodelan bangunan menggunakan BIM dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Autodesk Revit dapat mempermudah perancangan karena model tersebut memuat informasi dan detail tentang bangunan tersebut. Metode BIM juga mampu menghitung quantity take off hingga detail volume material. Perhitungan quantity take off dengan menggunakan metode BIM menunjukkan selisih rata-rata sebesar 11,38% dibandingkan dengan metode konvensional, membuktikan bahwa perhitungan dengan metode BIM mampu meminimalisir kesalahan perhitungan. [EN] The advancing world of construction demands all parties involved in construction projects to seek effective and efficient solutions. Volume calculation is crucial in construction projects, as errors in volume calculation can lead to significant losses. Before the advent of Building Information Modeling (BIM), the conventional method used CAD drawings and Microsoft Excel software for volume calculations, which were time-consuming due to manual processes. BIM offers advantages in cost, time, and labor savings by enabling precise data management and detailed 3D building modeling, including quantity take-off. This research aims to create a 3D structural model and calculate quantity take-off for the work volume and building materials of the Poltekkes Kota Palangka Raya Building using the BIM method. The study was conducted at the Poltekkes Kota Palangka Raya building using secondary data obtained from planning consultants. The findings indicate that designing and modeling buildings using BIM with Autodesk Revit software facilitates design processes due to the detailed information included in the model. BIM methods can accurately calculate quantity take-off, including detailed volume material calculations. Quantity take-off calculations using the BIM method showed an average difference of 11.38% compared to conventional methods, demonstrating that BIM can minimize calculation errors.

As the AEC industry strives to establish integrated knowledge exchange protocols utilizing building information models (BIMs), structural engineering practices of all sizes will profit from the ability to effectively communicate with the design team supported by a strongly integrated structural design process. At Thornton Tomasetti, custom tools are developed to automate the exchange of structural design data between 2D and 3D analysis models and BIMs. These tools are unique because they allow the engineer to manage partial models and data sets as independent sub-systems of complete virtual models. These sub-systems are often described in plan or elevation, while their counter parts reside in the 3D setting of the overall BIM. Custom automation of processes at Thornton Tomasetti helps to meet deadlines, exceed expectations of clients, and increases the quality of the work product. We cite three examples illustrating custom usage of application programming interfaces (APIs) and address typical challenges met when pursuing in-house development projects. The case studies include the utilization of conventional CAD documents as basic structural information models (SIMs), the automatic assembly of structural elements of complete towers in a BIM, and efficient bent management assisting the design process of stadiumlike structures. 1. BIM METHODOLOGY IN THE AEC ENVIRONMENT Following building information modeling (BIM) methodology, members of the AEC design team communicate by exchanging knowledge through a virtual model of the project, usually referred to as “BIM.” Currently, BIM compliments the traditional information flow - drawings. The industry trend moves toward using BIM as the primary tool, and if needed, drawings can be compiled as views or reports on demand. Building information modeling methodology focuses primarily on the following two objectives: a) Visualization and Coordination: Allowing the members of the AEC design team to virtually construct a digital model of the project, very similar to the WYSIWYG concept (“what you see is what you get”) in word processing. A model has to look right, be measurable, allow an assessment of constructability, and “know” when parts

Building information modelling (BIM) enables the creation of a digital representation of a designed facility combined with additional information about the project attributes, performance criteria, and construction process. Users of BIM tools point to the ability to visualize the final design along with the construction process as a beneficial feature of using BIM. Knowing the construction process in relationship to a facility’s design benefits both safety professionals when planning worker safety measures for a project and designers when creating a project’s design. Success in using BIM to enhance safety partly depends on the familiarity of project personnel with BIM tools and the extent to which the tools can be used to identify and eliminate safety hazards. In a separate, ongoing study, the authors investigated the connection between BIM and safety to document the opportunities, barriers, and impacts. Utilizing an on-line survey of project engineers who work for construction firms together with a comprehensive literature review, the study found those who use BIM feel that it aids in communication of project information and project delivery, both of which have been found to have positive impacts on construction site safety. Further, utilizing the survey results, the authors apply the binary logistic regression econometric framework to better understand the factors that lead to safety professionals believing that BIM increases safety in the work place. In addition, according to the survey results, a large percentage of the engineers who use BIM feel that ultimately it helps to eliminate safety hazards and improve worker safety. The study findings suggest that improvements in safety performance across the construction industry may be due in part to increased use of BIM in the construction industry.

With the rapid development of computer technology, building pose estimation combined with Augmented Reality (AR) can play a crucial role in the field of urban planning and architectural design. For example, a virtual building model can be placed into a realistic scenario acquired by a Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)to visually observe whether the building can integrate well with its surroundings, thus optimizing the design of the building. In the work, we contribute a building dataset for pose estimation named BD3D. To obtain accurate building pose, we use a physical camera which can simulate realistic cameras in Unity3D to simulate UAVs perspective and use virtual building models as objects. We propose a novel neural network that combines MultiBin module with PoseNet architecture to estimate the building pose. Sometimes, the building is symmetry and ambiguity causes its different surfaces to have similar features, making it difficult for CNNs to learn the differential features between the different surfaces. We propose a generalized world coordinate system repositioning strategy to deal with it. We evaluate our network with the strategy on BD3D, and the angle error is reduced to [Formula: see text] from [Formula: see text]. Code and dataset have been made available at: https://github.com/JellyFive/Building-pose-estimation-from-the-perspective-of-UAVs-based-on-CNNs .