Interactive Computer Graphics for Planning Cable Logging Operations

Overview nowadays is a very urgent need for Interactive Computer Graphics (ICG) and thus is the major intention of this paper. Rather general means of classifying ICG applications and systems are the center of the discussion while it is avoided to go too far into details. This paper sketches benefits of Graphics and especially ICG in Data Processing. Features for classifying ICG applications and systems are outlined. Today's most important ICG application types and their characteristic demands on the features of ICG systems are described. Aspects of predicting the cost/benefit ratio for ICG application are touched. Types of Software Support for general and special ICG applications are briefly discussed including an attempt to predict the future situation of ICG application. Graphic system components of today and the near future are outlined and arranged in the previously defined system of classifying features. An attempt to outline trends in ICG system design is made with regard to user's requirements and trends in technology.

Unlike textbook images that are static and television images that permit only passive viewing, computer graphics can be drawn dynamically and interactively on the display screen. For years, most computer games have featured animated, interactive computer graphics. Now computer-based tutorials on a wide range of topics are available that present new information to learners via dynamic, interactive graphics. One of the most recent developments in the area of computer graphics is the educational use of graphics applications software—the visual equivalent of word processing software. With it, learners can create their own computer graphics on the display screen and then use the computer to review the images in a variety of ways. Images can be enlarged, flipped, rotated, animated, duplicated, colored, sized up or down, moved around the screen, deleted, and more—all without programming. It is this dynamic and interactive aspect of computer graphics that is so appealing to learners and holds great promise for improving instruction.

The first major computer graphics text, Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics,1 was inspired by a course, a research project, and a set of notes, all by Ivan Sutherland. In 1971, William Newman invited me to join forces to supplement his partial book draft with notes I had been writing. The book, which appeared in 1973, was received well, exceeding the sales projections of its publisher, McGraw-Hill. Between 1973 and 1977, William and I were research staff at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) working on tools for an “office of the future,” focusing especially on interactive graphics and raster printing. We realized that raster displays and printers would soon dominate and would require mastering new techniques and adapting old ones. The second edition of our book, a complete rewrite, introduced some of the new technologies. This note is a story of the writing of the two editions of the book and it is also a story about how the editions were published in the era before commercial desktop publishing systems. In both the cases, we exploited and adapted computer tools of the time to do much of the publishing ourselves. For the second edition, we chose to use the illustration and printing tools we had developed at PARC to produce camera-ready copy. Especially significant was the use of the Press file format, an early page description language, to combine onto each page the various separate components prepared by different composition tools.

The key thesis of this work stipulates that current human-computer interfaces for education and rehabilitation can be greatly improved by recognizing the long-term need for a novel communication layer that can serve as an intermediary between users and today's systems of ever increasing complexity. A special education and rehabilitation system employs real-time interactive computer graphics and photorealistic virtual humans to implement an emotional modulation technique that increases learning efficiency. Emotions play a vital role in a student's ability to memorize and learn new material. Emotions act as a catalyst in the process of transforming information into knowledge, and thus the effectiveness of computer-based learning can be greatly improved if we incorporate emotions into computer use as a learning tool. Tutors, teachers, and professors achieve this effect - called emotional modulation-on a daily basis, using their charisma and other personal and motivational qualities during the time they invest in their students. Therefore, using virtual humans to mimic the natural face-to-face dialogue that normally takes place between student and tutor in real life forms the foundation of a unique and critically important enabling technology for teaching in the future.

Described are the results of research and development in the use of interactive computer graphics for soil engineering analysis and design. Two specific areas are described: settlement analysis and slope stability. The systems described herein have been implemented on a CDC 6400 using a CDC 280/282 interactive display system. Three soil engineering application systems are described. They are: Rate INteractive Graphics (RING), a system for predicting the progress of consolidation of multilayered soil deposits; Elastic LAyer STress-INteractive Graphics (ELASTING), a system for determining the stresses and displacements in layered elastic media; and FEllenius-May Analysis-Limiting Equilibrium (FEMALE), a system for analyzing the stability of earth structures using the Fellenius-May technique.

Software applications involving interactive computer graphics are made up of several components. One of these is a data modeling component. This data modeling component is often application dependent and therefore difficult to integrate with the data model of other related applications. One solution to this problem is to interface a DBMS with an interactive graphics system to reduce data model dependency and increase sharing of data. This also has the advantage of allowing novice users to use computer graphics by eliminating the need for the user to write complex programs invoking the graphics system.This paper explores these ideas by discussing the implementation of a prototype interface between a relational DBMS and an interactive computer graphics system. It presents both the database structures used to manage the data and the techniques used to design the interface. It concludes by discussing an approach for making the interface portable.

Misconceptions about the nature of the computing discipline(s) pose a serious problem to faculties that offer computing degrees, as students enrolling on their programmes come to realise that their expectations are not met by reality. This frequently results in the students' early disengagement from the subject of their degrees which in turn can lead to excessive 'wastage', i.e. reduced retention. In this paper we report on our academic group's attempts within creative computing degrees at a UK university to counter these problems through the introduction of a six week long project that newly enrolled students embark on at the very beginning of their studies. This group project provides a breadth-first, activity-led introduction to their chosen academic discipline, aiming to increase student engagement while providing a stimulating learning experience with the overall goal to increase retention. Having run in two iterations, we believe that this approach has been successful, with students showing increased interest in their chosen discipline and noticable improvements in retention following the first year of the students' studies.

This paper concerns the use of interactive computer graphics for processing “systems analysis” network pictures. These pictures typically represent project scheduling networks, computer programming flow diagrams, job-resource simulation block diagrams, decision trees, flow in networks, etc., and are traditionally the planning tools for researchers and planners in the fields of operations research, industrial engineering, and computer science.The purpose of the interactive graphics system is to provide a convenient “drawing board” with which to generate, manipulate, decompose, partition, simplify, and dlsplay network pictures as means of achieving rapid convergence in man-machine experiments.This research is in connection with the Bio-technology Laboratory of the Department of Industrial Engineering at Stanford University. An ADAGE computer system (AGT/10) with an on-line graphics terminal is being used under the sponsorship of N.I.H. project NLM 00525-1.

Computer graphics and computer aided design in mechanical engineering at the University of Minnesota

Summary Open architecture has reshaped the computer marketplace and has significantly affected the development, maintenance, and application of reservoir simulation technology. We have moved rapidly from mainframe computers to distributed applications on workstations. Here, we discuss four open-systems initiatives (communication, language, operating system, and graphics) that have particularly influenced reservoir simulation at Mobil R and D Corp. Over the last 2 decades, our simulators have grown from 50,000-line single-well programs to greater than 1.5-million lines of code in the current field simulator. Advances in open systems have enabled us to manage this explosive growth on a network of workstations. We have been able to standardize around the UNIX operating system and C and FORTRAN languages. X-Window MOTIF-based interactive graphics have been a key element in migrating the simulator to a variety of computers. Although these open-architecture initiatives have had a significant and positive impact on reservoir simulation at Mobil, we still are faced with certain disadvantages. This paper discusses how we overcame these disadvantages and the challenges we face in the future. Introduction "Open systems" has become one of the most overused computer buzz words, yet that concept is credited with reshaping the marketplace. This paper describes four open initiatives as interpreted at Mobil and presents a metric to quantify their impact on the development, maintenance, and application of the company's reservoir simulators. For the purposes of this paper, a reservoir simulator is simply a computer program whose heart is a computationally intensive numerical model. The program processes the physical description of the reservoir (e.g., the type of fluid, pressure, saturation, temperature, and geology). It also processes the proposed development strategy in the form of operating constraints. Using this information, it predicts the effectiveness of different production strategies and is used to optimize gas and oil recovery from petroleum reservoirs. During the last 2 decades, Mobil has developed four reservoir simulators. Fig. 1 shows that the number of lines of code in each program increased dramatically as more complex engineering features were incorporated. The first of these programs, WELCOS, was released more than 20 years ago. That black-oil simulator could model the behavior of only a single well and was used extensively for water- and gas-coning studies. Written in FORTRAN, it consisted of less than 50,000 statements. By 1975, Mobil had developed ALPURS. It was also a black-oil model, but ALPURS had the power to model all the wells in a field. ALPURS contained sophisticated well controls that enabled it to model complex production strategies. ALPURS also provided limited, black-and-white plotting and contouring capabilities. Because of its added engineering capabilities, ALPURS was six times the size of WELCOS, or about 300,000 lines. In the mid-1980's, Mobil developed a fullfield, compositional reservoir model, COSMOS. It was about one-third larger than ALPURS, with more than 400,000 statements. PEGASUS is a multipurpose, compositional, black-oil simulator capable of modeling a broad range of reservoirs with complex geology and fluid behavior, each with different production strategies. It integrates various modeling capabilities, such as a sophisticated well-management scheme for full-field studies and accurate predictions of horizontal-well performance. PEGASUS is used to study gas-condensate, volatile-oil, faulted, and fractured reservoirs. It also has gas-storage applications. It is 30 times the size of WELCOS and contains more than 1,500,000 statements. The interactive color graphics feature for interpretation of simulation results represents about 40% of the code.

Interactive three-dimensional computer graphics was first used in 1964 to study biological macromolecules, particularly nucleic acids (3) and proteins (1). A good general description of this early work is given in (4). The hardware was the then unique Project MAC Electronic Systems Laboratory display at MIT. It was some time before comparable equipment became available elsewhere.

A satellite graphics system for error-prone users

BIOMOD - An interactive computer graphics system for modeling

Looking human through a camera is a potentially powerful technique to facilitate human-computer interaction. Many 2D/3D visual human tracking techniques have been introduced in area of computer vision, and applied to smart surveillance, motion analysis, interactive computer graphics and virtual reality applications. For applications emphasizing real time interactivity, the visual tracking techniques need to be fast, robust, and preferably run on an inexpensive hardware system. In this paper, we present a relatively inexpensive (e.g. run on a high-end PC) but reasonably robust real time motion tracking system based on a simple 2D color object segmentation and recognition algorithm. Users grasp color objects for achieving more exact tracking performance on their hands and make predefined motion gestures continuously. Through object segmentation processing based on color information, 2D positions of the objects are computed. And then, a motion gesture corresponding on these 2D position trajectories is found by a simple correlation-based matching algorithm. Also, we demonstrate this system by applying it to a popular interactive entertainment (e.g. TETRIS)

We have analyzed a three‐mode model system to study quantum effects in a dissociative process. An algorithm which combines Hamilton's and time‐dependent Schroedinger equations in an SCF manner is applied. Large differences in the qualitative behaviour of trajectories are observed which suggests a chaotic nature. The monitoring of the energy transfer or trajectories themselves by interactive computer graphics can be used to forecast possibilities of dissociation. It is also noted that the initial conditions strongly affect the dissociation process. We compare fully classical calculations with these mixed mode results, and analyze the reasons behind disparities.