Intermediary based architecture for mobile Web services

Web services – a new breed of self-contained, self-describing, modular applications published, located, and invoked across the Web – handle functions, from simple requests to complicated business processes. They are defined as network-based application components with a services-oriented architecture (SOA) using standard interface description languages and uniform communication protocols. SOA enables organizations to grasp and respond to changing trends and to adapt their business processes rapidly without major changes to the IT infrastructure. The Inaugural International Conference on Next-Generation Web Services Practices (NWeSP'05) attracted researchers who are also the world's most respected authorities on the semantic Web, Web-based services, and Web applications and services. NWeSP'05 was held in cooperation with the IEEE Computer Society Task Force on Electronic Commerce, the Technical Committee on Internet, and the Technical Committee on Scalable Computing. This special issue presents eight papers focused on different aspects of Web services and their applications. Papers were selected based on fundamental ideas and concepts rather than the thoroughness of techniques employed. Papers are organized as follows: <I>Taher et al.</I> present the first paper, on a Quality of Service Information and Computational framework (QoS-IC) supporting QoS-based service selection for SOA. The framework's functionality is expanded using a QoS constraints model that establishes an association relationship between different QoS properties and is used to govern QoS-based service selection in the underlying algorithm. Using a prototype implementation, the authors demonstrate how QoS constraints improve QoS-based service selection and save consumers valuable time. Due to the complex infrastructure of web applications, response times perceived by clients may be significantly longer than desired. To overcome some of the current problems, <I>Vilas et al.</I>, in the second paper, propose a cache-based extension of the architecture that enhances the current web services architecture, which is mainly based on program-logic or protocol-dependent optimization. In the third paper, Jo and Yoo present authorization for securing XML sources on the Web. One of the disadvantages of existing access control is that the DOM tree must be loaded into memory while all XML documents are parsed to generate the DOM tree, such that a lot of memory is used in repetitive search for tree to authorize access to all nodes in the DOM tree. The complex authorization evaluation process required thus lowers system performance. Existing access control fails to consider information structure and semantics sufficiently due to basic HTML limitations. The authors overcome some of these limitations in the proposed model. In the fourth paper, Jung and Cho propose a novel behavior-network-based method for Web service composition. The behavior network selects services automatically through internal and external links with environmental information from sensors and goals. An optimal service is selected at each step, resulting in a globally optimal service sequence for achieving preset goals. The authors detail experimental results for the proposed model by comparing them with rule-based system and user tests. <I>Kong et al.</I> present an efficient method in the fifth paper for merging heterogeneous ontologies – no ontology building standard currently exists – and the many ontology-building tools available are based on different ontology languages, mostly focusing on how to create, edit and infer the ontology efficiently. Even ontologies about the same domain differ because ontology experts hold different view points. For these reasons, interoperability between ontologies is very low. The authors propose merging heterogeneous domain ontologies by overcoming some of the above limitations. In the sixth paper, Chen and Che provide polynomial-time tree pattern query minimization algorithm whose efficiency stems from two key observations: (i) Inherent redundant "components" usually exist inside the rudimentary query provided by the user, and (ii) nonedundant nodes may become redundant when constraints such as co-occurrence and required child/descendant are given. They show that the algorithm obtained by first augmenting the input tree pattern using constraints, then applying minimization, invariably finds a unique minimal equivalent to the original query. Chen and Che present a polynomial-time algorithm for tree pattern query (TPQ) minimization without XML constraints in the seventh paper. The two-part algorithm is a dynamic programming strategy for finding all matching subtrees within a TPQ. The algorithm consists of one for subtree recognization and a second for subtree deletion. In the last paper, <I>Bagchi et al.</I> present the mobile distributed virtual memory (MDVM) concept and architecture for cellular networks containing server-groups (SG). They detail a two-round randomized distributed algorithm to elect a unique leader and co-leader of the SG that is free of any assumption about network topology, and buffer space limitations and is based on dynamically elected coordinators eliminating single points of failure. As guest editors, we thank all authors featured in this special issue for their contributions and the referees for critically evaluating the papers within the short time allotted. We sincerely believe that readers will share our enjoyment of this special issue and find the information it presents both timely and useful.

Web service architectures are being increasingly used as platforms for distributed applications. Mobile devices are already used everywhere. Both of them are paving the way for the emergence of pervasive computing systems. Many pervasive computing systems have not yet taken mobility and Web service architecture into account due to the lack of an appropriate supporting infrastructure. In this paper we present a new infrastructure for pervasive computing system. The infrastructure builds on both the Jini service architecture and the Web service technology. The combination allows designers to dynamically plugin and adapts pervasive computing. And in such infrastructure devices can discover each other and can utilize each other's services, whether they exist Jini lookup service or Web service registry

Web service architectures have gained popularity in recent years within the scientific grid research community. One reason for this is that web services allow software and services from various organizations to be combined easily to provide integrated and distributed applications. However, most applications developed and used by scientific communities are not web-service-oriented, and there is a growing need to integrate them into grid applications based on service-oriented architectures. In this paper, we describe a framework that allows scientists to provide a web service interface to their existing applications as web services without having to write extra code or modify their applications in any way. In addition, application providers do not need to be experts in web services standards, such as Web Services Description Language, Web Services Addressing, Web Services Security, or secure authorization, because the framework automatically generates these details. The framework also enables users to discover these application services, interact with them, and compose scientific workflows from the convenience of a grid portal.

In today`s world of science & technology mobile device especially Smartphones plays the role of “"Jinn" who fulfill demand of the user. Smartphone through its Internet facility allows users to access various internet based web services ubiquitously to fulfill his/her demand. Web Services can be of two types SOAP or Restful services. Many researchers have mentioned that SOAP based services are heavy to consume on mobile device despite the fact that most of the companies still uses SOAP services but answer to this challenge is Restful Web Services. Restful services also surfers from many problems like processing of work or accessing services on device due to mobile phone`s small screen size, low processing power, less memory storage capacity etc. That`s why the heavy processing work is shifted on Cloud and only client part will be on mobile device, this integration is called as Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). In MCC important point need to consider is to improve the performance of web services in terms of speed, memory usage and reducing latency. To resolve these issues, this paper has proposed MCC architecture. We have divided this paper is into two parts, in the first part; we did comparative analysis of Web Service consumption on mobile devices using cloud and various parameters used. In second part we have proposed architecture for mobile Web Services in Cloud which compress response data using Gzip and use of web caching to reduce overhead of repeated or previously accessed Web Service.

Web service technologies are constantly being recreated, continuously challenging Web service professionals and examiners. Modern Technologies in Web Services Research facilitates communication and networking among Web services and e-business researchers and engineers in a period where considerable changes are taking place in Web services technologies innovation. Modern Technologies in Web Services Research provides mathematic foundations for service oriented computing, Web services architecture and security, frameworks for building Web service applications, and dynamic invocation mechanisms for Web services among other innovative approaches.

A Web service is a software system that supports interoperable application-to-application interactions over a network. Web services are based on a set of XML standards such as Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI), Web Services Description Language (WSDL), and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). Recently, there have been increasing demands and discussions about Web services privacy technologies in the industry and research community. To enable privacy protection for Web service consumers across multiple domains and services, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) published a document called “Web Services Architecture (WSA) Requirements” that defines some fundamental privacy requirements for Web services. However, no comprehensive solutions to the various privacy issues have been so far defined. For these reasons, this chapter will focus on privacy technologies by first discussing the main privacy issues in WSA and related protocols. Then, this chapter illustrates the standardization efforts going on in the context of privacy for Web services and proposes different technical approaches to tackle the privacy issues.

Today, the B2B E-business systems in most enterprises usually have multiple heterogeneous and independent systems which are based on different platforms and operate in different functional departments. To deal with the increased services in future, an enterprise needs to expand its system continuously. This, however, will cause great inconvenience to the future system maintenance. To implement E-business successfully, a unified internal E-business integration environment must be established to integrate the internal system and thus realize a unified internal mechanism within the enterprise E-business system. The SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) architecture, however, can well meet the above requirements. The integration of SOA- architecture-based applications can reduce the dependency of different types of IT systems, reduce the cost of system maintenance and the complexity of the IT system operation, increase the flexibility of the system deployment, and at the same time exclude the barrier of service innovation. Research and application of SOA-architecture-based enterprise application systems has become a very important research project at present. As an important SOA implementation, Web services is a relatively new technology widely accepted by people. This is because Web services provides a distributed computing method for the heterogene- ous applications integrated in the Internet. It can integrate the applications running on the distributed servers which are connected through Intranet, Extranet, and Internet together. Based on SOA, this document designs an enterprise E-business application model and realizes a flexible and expandable E-business platform.

With the advent of the cloud computing, web servers, as the major channel in cloud computing, need to be redesigned to meet performance and power constraints. Considerable efforts have been invested in distributed web servers and web caching with different optimizing strategies, but few existing studies have been directly focused on improving the web server itself, not to mention complete hardware-favored web services. In this paper, we propose a novel architecture of web server and implement it on FPGA. After taking challenge with significant difficulties in design and implementation, we manage to complete an evaluation system which confirms that hardware-favored architecture brings higher throughput, lower power consumption as well as stand-alone web service functionalities due to direct pipelining execution of web service protocols in hardware without operating system.

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) introduced the web services as distributed computing components that can be independently deployed and invoked by other services or software to execute composite services that represent an end-to-end business process. An important problem in the SOA is the web service selection and composition problem which involves selecting the right web services mix to construct the best service composition that achieves the consumers Service Level Agreement (SLA) requirements. In this chapter we propose different methods to solve the problem of the business processes execution engine web service selection and services composition construction in the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA).  The chapter provides different mechanisms to improve the web services selection and composition using dynamic techniques. The main goal is to satisfy the services' requirements expressed as the SLA and to enhance the services selection and composition by increasing the availability and decreasing the response time of the service compositions.

Web Services technology is being used for increasingly different environments than it was designed for. To facilitate discovery of Web Services in dynamic environments, both service description and distribution of descriptions must be improved. Several research efforts target semantic description of services. However, Semantic Web Service discovery in peer-to-peer-like, dynamic environments where services and registries are transient cannot be based on current mechanisms for distribution of Web Service descriptions. Based on a set of generic requirements, we introduce a conceptual architecture that aims to solve many of the problems related to Semantic Web Service discovery in dynamic environments. The architecture is based on a distributed multi-registry topology and aliveness information. We present several research problems we have identified during our initial work on this architecture.

14 - Web Services and SOA for DBA, Data Architects, and Others

With the advent in the need for a cost effective and efficient solution which supports the evolution and enhancement of the Enterprise Information Systems, the adoption of Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) for the automation of business processes and the integration of IT systems is increasing. These SOAs rely on web service standards for the implementation of service invocations across machine boundaries. Web services are software systems designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. This interoperability is gained through a set of XML-based open standards. These standards provide a common approach for defining, publishing, and using web services. However after a product is introduced in the market, its successful growth against the competitors depends critically on the company's ability to rapidly improve and extend its product in response to customer feedback. These changes must be reflected accordingly in the web service without injecting any disputes. Hence an effective web service Change Management with appropriate change measures is very essential. This paper focuses on such change measures for an effective change management.

A prototype and demonstrator of Akogrimo’s architecture: An approach of merging grids, SOA, and the mobile Internet

The Web Services Architecture (WSA) defines a comprehensive model for service-oriented interactions among endpoints over a private network or the Internet. Since the many opportunities for better interacting services and the provision of richer functionality, crossing the boundary of organizations many standard proposals addressing different aspects of such interaction model are appearing. In this paper, we analyze the security requirements of the WSA and observe that the security model currently developed is not sufficient. In particular, we claim that many aspects related to network security and the integration of firewalls into the WSA have been understimated. We show with different examples the usefulness of a semantics-aware firewall operating both at SOAP level and at lower network-based layers. We analyze, under this perspective, the impact on security that recently proposed stateful SOAP-based protocols could have, and describe how asynchronous protocols could pose high security risks on both service providers and service requesters. This drives us to the conclusion that, if security is an enabling factor for the success of Web service technologies, then perimetral security and firewall technology should be both fully supported into the WSA and improved to satisfy the requirements of the service-oriented interaction.

Service-oriented architectures and Web services are becoming an integral part of the IT landscape. An increasing number of organizations are building service-oriented architectures, all major application vendors have incorporated Web services interfaces in their products, and Web services are becoming an important mechanism for business-to-business transactions. The technology for realizing service-oriented architectures is maturing, making initial adoption easier. However, with larger deployments of Web services in organizations, new questions related to implementation strategies, governance approaches, and broader organizational impacts need to be considered. This mini-track addresses some of these issues in its two sessions. The first session focuses on the adoption, use, and impact of SOA and Web services technology, whereas the second session focuses on the aspect of software development in the context of SOA and Web services.