Interview

Transparent and conductive titanium indium zinc oxide/Ag/titanium indium zinc oxide multilayer films deposited by radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering

Improved performance of transparent conductive Cu-based GZO multilayer thin films on flexible substrates via two Al2O3 layers and oxygen-containing atmosphere

We report on the magnetoresistance (MR) properties of [Co(tCo)/Ag 1.5 nm] <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> multilayer and alloy films grown with the pulse electrochemical deposition on a polyamide substrate (1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was observed due to the effect of strain in all the multilayer films. The multilayer [Co 1.5 nm/Ag 1.5 nm] <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sub> showed a minimum hysteresis loss. The maximum MR ratio for Co/Ag was 9.2% at 1 kOe. A remarkable difference of magnetic field dependence of the magnetoresistance ratio was observed, corresponding to the orientation of magnetization curves.

In this paper, we have designed a T-Shaped ridged Rectangular Microstrip patch wideband. antenna for wireless communication applications. This project designed a planar T-Slotted Microstrip patch antenna for millimeter wave wireless communication at 55GHz.CST SOFTWARE was used to analyze the antenna’s performance, which showed a low return loss of -19.13dB, a VSWR of 1.248, and a gain of 6.821dB. The antenna’s compact size and compatibility with wireless technology make it a promising choice for modern communication systems.

A design of a loop antenna is proposed for future 5G wireless communication. The radiating element is producing a second resonance at 38 laterally slimmed in a hemispherical manner to intensify the surface current density along the hemispherical contour, producing a second resonance at 55 GHz. In the previous paper, they implemented a wave antenna for communication. Using wave antenna for communication, the antenna size is very much small when compared to another antenna. In the wave antenna, the design of the antenna cannot increase bandwidth or wavelength, so that can get poor communication when transmitted. But using the loop antenna, this loop antenna can achieve system performance, directivity, radiation pattern. Loop antenna can be operated at 55 MHz for better communication. To reduce the distortion in the system, go for a loop antenna which can reduce distortion. There are many advantages to using the loop antenna. To reduce the problem previously, we go for a loop antenna, which can give good system operation. The antenna is centered on a single shielded loop inserted in the dielectric GIS window that tests the TEM mode propagation of PD currents. In conjunction with a trans-impedance amplifier, this paper outlines the related antenna parameters and antenna performance. The antenna sensitivity is within a few meters of the PD source, in the order of 1 pc. under laboratory conditions.

통신의 흐름은 빠르게 변하고 있으며, 최근에는 스마트 안경과 스마트 시계와 같은 인간의 삶을 윤택하게 하는 다채로운 웨어러블(Wearable) 기기들이 출현하고 있다. 웨어러블 기기에는 필수적으로 통신을 지원하는 안테나가 설치되어야 한다. 본 논문은 스마트 안경에 적용할 수 있으며 투명한 소재로 제작하여 광 투과성이 우수한 특성을 지닌 웨어러블 안테나에 관하여 연구한 논문이다. 투명한 안테나는 차기 웨어러블 기기인 스마트 유리에도 적용이 가능하며, 투명한 장점을 활용하여 시야를 가리지 않으면서 통신을 지원할 수 있는 장점이 있다. IZTO/Ag/IZTO(IAI) 다층구조의 투명전극 박막은 단일구조의 박막보다 전기전도도가 높으며 광 투과성이 우수하다. 이러한 다층구조의 투명전극 박막을 활용하여 제작한 안테나는 우수한 전기전도도로 인하여 안테나로 활용이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 다층구조의 투명전극 박막을 활용하여 투명한 소자가 적용 가능한 깨끗한 안경렌즈에 부착하여 안테나의 성능을 측정하였다. 안테나는 여러 기판 위에 올려진 것을 가정하여 시뮬레이션 되었으며, 안테나의 폭과 길이를 적절히 활용하여 안테나의 임피던스를 매칭하였다. 제작한 안테나의 전기전도도와 투명도는 각각 홀 효과 측정기(HMS-3000)과 광 투과율 측정기(UV-Spectrometer)로 측정하였으며, 안테나의 성능을 비교하기 위하여 은(Ag)을 40 nm 두께로 증착한 안테나를 대조군으로 사용하었다. 제작한 안테나는 일반 웨어러블 안경에서 지원하는 Wi-fi 통신 대역인 주파수 2.4~2.5GHz 범위에서 사용가능하며, 최대 이득 2.89 dBi, 효율 34%의 성능을 보인다. Communication flow is changing rapidly. Recently, a range of wearable devices such as wearable glasses and wearable watch, have been launched. These kinds of wearable devices help people to live a more comfortable life. Wearable devices most have an antenna for wireless communication. This paper reports a transparent antenna that is made of an optically transparent material for wearable glasses. Transparent antenna can be applied to smart windows and will not disturb the view of user. IZTO/Ag/IZTO multilayer electrode has higher electrical and optical properties. This antenna is available because of its good electrical properties. This study measured the performance of the proposed transparent antenna, which is made of a multilayer electrode, applied to a lens. The proposed antenna was simulated with several substrates. The antenna impedance was matched with length and width of the antenna. The antenna's conductivity and transparency was measured using a HMS-3000 and UV-spectrometer. A 40nm thick Ag single layer antenna was fabricated on a flexible polyimide substrate for comparing the antenna performances. The fabricated antenna is useable at a frequency of 2.4-2.5GHz, which is suitable for Wifi communications and has peak gain of 2.89dBi and an efficiency of 34%.

Flexible multilayer transparent conductive films using Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) have been actively investigated. Previously, an AZO/Ag/AZO transparent conductive film, with a transmittance of 90.1% and a resistivity of 12.15 × 10−5 Ω cm, was fabricated in our laboratory. While the transmittance was comparable to those of commercially available indium tin oxide (ITO) films, the resistivity was notably higher. Previous studies have revealed that improvement of the characteristics of Ag-based transparent conductive films is hindered by the oxidation of Ag and its diffusion into the AZO layer. To address this issue, we sought to suppress Ag oxidation and diffusion by inserting a Cu intermediate layer. Inserting a Cu layer below the Ag layer improved the resistivity. In this study, we fabricated a transparent conductive film with an AZO/Cu/Ag/AZO structure by inserting a Cu layer above the Ag layer. This eliminated the room-temperature layer and ensured the deposition of the upper AZO layer via a single process, thereby improving the crystallinity of AZO. However, the diffusion of the Ag layer to the lower part resulted in decreased resistivity and transmittance. We further improved the characteristics by using an AZO/Cu/Ag/Cu/AZO transparent conductive film, wherein the Ag layer was sandwiched between the Cu layers on both sides. As a result, the oxidation and diffusion of Ag were suppressed on both sides, leading to improved resistivity compared with those of films with Cu layers inserted on only one side. A resistivity of 5.08 × 10−5 Ω cm was achieved, comparable to commercial ITO films.

ABSTRACTThis article presents an antenna with the characteristics of flexibility and transparency for use in laptop computers. The operating frequency band of the antenna is 5.18–5.32 GHz, in wireless local area network 802.11a service. The proposed antenna was fabricated on a polyamide substrate, and the conducting material for the antenna consisted of a multilayer film (IZTO/Ag/IZTO). In addition, we designed and measured two antennas with two electrodes (IZTO/Ag/IZTO and Ag) to compare and evaluate their performance and transparency. Moreover, we applied this antenna to laptop application and simulated and measured the performance dependence of the antenna by both the position and angle with the display plane (ground) of the laptop. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1038–1042, 2015

Properties of ZnO/Cu/ZnO multilayer films deposited by simultaneous RF and DC magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures

Improved stability of dielectric/metal/dielectric-structured transparent conductive films with the insertion of Ni layer under thermal oxidation environment

Regression supervised model techniques THz MIMO antenna for 6G wireless communication and IoT application with isolation prediction

Internet of Things (IoT) based application requires integration with the wireless communication technology to make the application data readily available. In this paper, a modified meander shape microstrip patch antenna has been proposed for IoT applications at 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. The dimension of the antenna is 40×10×1.6 mm 3 . The antenna design is comprised of an inverse S-shape meander line connected with a slotted rectangular box. A capacitive load (C-load) and parasitic patch with the shaped ground are applied to the design. Investigations show that the antenna designed with an inverse S-shape patch and connecting rectangular box in the microstrip line has a higher efficiency and gain compare to the conventional meander shape antenna. The C-load is applied to the feed line to match the impedance. Moreover, parametric studies are carried out to investigate the flexibility of the antenna. Results show that, the gain and efficiency can be improved through adjusting the rectangular box with applying parasitic element and the shaped ground. The parasitic element has high impact on the bandwidth of the antenna of 12.5%. The finalized antenna has a peak gain of -0.256 dBi (measured) and 1.347 dBi (Simulated) with 79% radiation efficiency at 2.4 GHz. To prove the efficiency and eligibility in IoT applications, the measurement of the power delivered and received by the antenna at 2.4 GHz is performed and compared with the results of a dipole antenna. The antenna is integrated with 2.4 GHz radio frequency module and IoT sensors to validate the performance. The antenna novelty relies on the size compactness with high fractional bandwidth that is validated through the IoT application environment.

This paper presents a miniaturized, wideband, and optically transparent antenna with high efficiency, designed using the optimized wired metal mesh (WMM) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The performance of transparent antennas based on conductive oxides (TCOs) or metal meshes (MMs) is fundamentally determined by the optical transparency (OT) and sheet resistance (SR) of the material. Although OT and SR can be tuned using various fabrication techniques, conventional SR values provided by existing studies do not accurately represent the loss behavior at GHz frequencies. In this paper, an effective SR material model for the WMM is developed with consideration of high-frequency losses and applied in electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Using this model, the proposed antenna is systematically designed to achieve an impedance bandwidth of 66.3% and peak total efficiency of 92.4% over 2.61-5.2 GHz, in a compact 55×40 mm2 form. In addition to intrinsic antenna performance, practical robustness is evaluated under bending deformation, temperature variation, and indoor propagation environments. In the indoor scenarios having multipath effects, Error vector magnitude measurements at 3.5 GHz and 5.15 GHz demonstrated its suitability for IoT communication environments.

Effects of intermediate GAZO layer thickness on the properties of GAZO/Ag/GAZO/Ag/GAZO film

The paper reports on the magnetoresistance (MR) effect of ferromagnetic Co(tCo)/Cu multilayer films grown with pulse electrochemical deposition on top of a thin conducting layer of copper (15 nm). The copper buffer layer was grown on a polyamide substrate (1.69 cm2) and annealed. A strain was applied mechanically to study the MR effect and magnetic characteristics as a function of the Co layer thickness. The induced uniaxial magnetic anisotropy was observed due to the effect of strain in all the multilayer films. The multilayer [Co 1.0 nm/Cu 1.5 nm]50 showed a minimum hysteresis loss. The MR ratio was ~ 3.4% at 1 kOe. A remarkable difference of magnetoresistance ratio was observed, corresponding to the orientation of magnetization curves.