Intracranial thrombosed anastomosing hemangioma: Case report.

Context Anastomosing hemangioma typically presents as an asymptomatic lesion in the genitourinary tract, but can cause abdominal pain and hematuria. Early identification and surgical removal are crucial to avoid poor outcomes. Case Report We report a case of acute paralysis due to rapid tumor enlargement during pregnancy. This case is unique as anastomosing hemangiomas rarely occur in the spinal region, and cases where they cause such severe symptoms have rarely been reported, particularly in pregnant women. Conclusion This case highlights the critical need for early recognition and intervention in anastomosing hemangiomas, particularly when rapid growth can lead to severe complications such as paralysis. The rare presentation during pregnancy highlights the importance of considering anastomosing hemangioma in the differential diagnosis. Further, this case highlights that timely surgical intervention is essential to prevent catastrophic outcomes and to improve patient prognosis.

Anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is an unusual benign vascular lesion that commonly occurs in the kidney and genitourinary tract. We report a case of AH in a 49-year-old woman presenting as a mass in the breast, a site which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously documented in the English literature. Microscopic examination of the mass revealed a well-demarcated proliferation of anastomosing vascular spaces lined by bland endothelial cells, with focal hobnailing and scattered intravascular fibrin thrombi. No mitotic activity was observed and the Ki-67 proliferative index was low. These features were interpreted as AH, a lesion that may be difficult to distinguish from low-grade angiosarcoma or other benign vascular lesions of the breast which may demonstrate anastomosing channels. Due to the presence of atypical histologic features which can raise suspicion for angiosarcoma on biopsy, complete excision of these lesions is recommended for optimal treatment.

BackgroundAlthough anastomosing hemangiomas are very rare and benign vascular neoplasms, these tumors are more common among patients with end-stage kidney disease. Incidental finding of these tumors in the kidney or adrenal gland has been reported. Herein, we describe a case in which an anastomosing hemangioma was misdiagnosed as a renal cell carcinoma before kidney transplant.Case presentationA 35-year-old woman with lupus nephritis was admitted to our emergency department for suspected uremic symptoms of nausea and general weakness. She had received hemodialysis due to end-stage kidney disease, and a living-donor kidney transplantation from her father was planned. On pre-operative contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, a 1.7 cm renal cell carcinoma was observed in the right kidney. On staining after radical nephrectomy, irregularly shaped vascular spaces of various sizes were observed, with these spaces having an anastomosing pattern. As the findings of the anastomosing hemangioma are similar to those of a renal cell carcinoma on imaging, histology examination was necessary to confirm the diagnosis of anastomosing hemangioma and to prevent delay in listing for kidney transplantation. Good kidney function was achieved after transplantation, with no tumor recurrence.ConclusionOur case underlines the importance for prompt surgical resection of an enhancing renal mass to confirm diagnosis in patients scheduled for kidney transplantation to avoid any delay.

Anastomosing hemangioma (AH) is a rare benign vascular lesion that primarily involves the genitourinary tract. Cases have also rarely been reported in other organs. AH is often discovered incidentally and resembles angiosarcoma histologically. On imaging, it may mimic other vascular lesions such as renal cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. We present a case of a 32-year-old woman with incidentally detected AH involving the kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, and retroperitoneum, initially presumed to be neuroendocrine tumors based on imaging findings on CT and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET scans.

Anastomosing hemangioma is a rare and benign subtype of capillary hemangioma, a soft tissue tumor. It tends to be asymptomatic, causes abdominal pain and hematuria, and is more common in the genitourinary tract. It can be confused with paragangliomas or ectopic pheochromocytomas. Pathology shares characteristics with angiosarcoma, particularly in well-differentiated areas. Diagnosis without a surgical specimen is difficult and is based on clinical characteristics, laboratories, and imaging behavior similar to hemangiomas in other locations. When in doubt, a diagnosis can be supported by a percutaneous biopsy. The prognosis is good, without relapses or metastases. Early identification with follow-up can avoid surgical interventions.

Rare adrenal anastomosing hemangioma coexisting with adrenal cortical nodular hyperplasia: A case report

Liver resection is a critical surgical option for managing benign and malignant tumors, including rare and complex cases in pediatric patients. While such procedures are well-documented in adults, the surgical management of large liver neoplasms in infants poses unique challenges due to anatomical and physiological considerations, as well as the limited number of cases reported globally. This study aimed to describe the initial experiences with major hepatectomies in infants with large liver neoplasms at our center. From December 2023 to May 2024, four major hepatectomies were performed in pediatric patients aged 5 to 11 months. Indications, perioperative data, and surgical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. The outcomes of the four patients in this case series demonstrate the feasibility and safety of major hepatectomies in infants with large liver neoplasms. Among the cases, three involved hepatoblastoma (PRETEXT stages 2-4), and one was an anastomosing hemangioma. Radical resection (R0) was achieved in all cases, with average intraoperative blood loss 120 ml, and only one patient requiring a blood transfusion. Postoperative complications were minimal, with two cases of mild to moderate post-hepatectomy liver insufficiency (Clavien-Dindo grades 1-2) and one bile leak (Clavien-Dindo grade 2) that resolved spontaneously. No perioperative mortality or tumor recurrence was observed during a six-month follow-up. These results highlight the success of careful surgical planning, advanced techniques, and comprehensive perioperative management in achieving favorable outcomes for this high-risk patient population.

Objective To investigate the application value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lung lesions. Methods 32 patients with lung lesions (19 cases of malignant lesions and 13 cases of benign lesions) proven by pathological results underwent DCE-MRI.The quantitative MRI pharmaeokinetic parameters including Ktrans, Kep, Ve and Vp were measured.These parameters of the two groups were statistically compared using Student′s t test.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the diagnostic capability of DCE-MRI. Results Ktrans, Kep, Ve and Vp of malignant lesions were (0.632±0.418) min-1, (1.324±0.514) min-1, 0.431±0.207 and 0.193±0.103, Ktrans, Kep, Ve and Vp of benign lesions were (0.107±0.091) min-1, (0.667±0.259) min-1, 0.357±0.125 and 0.096±0.042, respectively.There were significant differences between malignant lesions and benign lesions in Ktrans and Kep (t=4.112, 3.625, respectively, all P 0.05). The areas under the ROC curve of Ktrans and Kep in malignant lesions and benign lesions were 0.882, 0.846 respectively, the sensitivity were 92.3%, 91.7% and specificity were 87.5%, 75.0% for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. Conclusions DCE-MRI can quantitatively evaluate the microvascular permeability, the quantitative parameters Ktrans, Kep are capable of the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant lung lesions, which has an important value in clinical work. Key words: Lung neoplasms; Magnetic resonance imaging; Dynamic contrast-enhanced

Background: Intracranial meningiomas are common primary central nervous system tumors, mostly benign, yet recurrence remains a significant clinical challenge influencing patient prognosis. Understanding the characteristics and determinants of recurrence, particularly in specific populations, is crucial. Data on recurrent meningioma from developing countries like Indonesia are limited. This study aimed to describe the clinicopathological features and surgical management experience of recurrent intracranial meningiomas over a 10-year period at a tertiary referral hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on all adult patients (≥18 years) surgically treated for recurrent intracranial meningioma at the Department of Neurosurgery, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, between January 2012 and December 2022. Patients with incomplete records were excluded. Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, radiological findings (tumor location, bone infiltration, tumor invasion), surgical history (number of resections, time to recurrence), and histopathological results. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: Twenty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria. The cohort was predominantly female (n=24, 85.7%) with a median age of 46 years (range 26-67). The most common presenting symptoms were protrusion (n=11, 39.3%) and headache (n=7, 25.0%). Tumors were most frequently located in the parietal (n=10, 35.7%) and sphenoorbital (n=9, 32.1%) regions. Significant bone infiltration was observed in 75.0% (n=21) of cases. Tumor invasion into adjacent structures occurred in 21.4% (n=6), most commonly involving the cavernous sinus (n=2, 7.1% of total / 33.3% of invaded). The median time to recurrence detection was 36 months (range 6-144). Most patients (n=22, 78.6%) underwent two tumor removal surgeries during the study period. Based on available histopathology (n=17), meningothelial (n=10, 35.7% of total / 58.8% of available) and transitional (n=3, 10.7% of total / 17.6% of available) subtypes were the most common WHO Grade 1 diagnoses. One case each of atypical (Grade 2) and malignant (Grade 3) meningioma were identified. Conclusion: Recurrent intracranial meningiomas predominantly affected middle-aged females, often presenting with symptoms related to mass effect in parietal and sphenoorbital locations. High rates of bone infiltration and significant tumor invasion, particularly involving the cavernous sinus, were characteristic features. Recurrence was typically diagnosed within 3 years, with meningothelial and transitional subtypes being the most frequent histologies observed in this recurrent group. These findings underscore the complex nature of meningioma recurrence and highlight the need for tailored management strategies and long-term surveillance, particularly in cases with high-risk features like bone and sinus invasion.

Clavicle is a unique bone for many reasons. There is no study discussing the differential diagnosis of clavicular lesions based on the site of occurrence or age at presentation. This study aims to determine whether the distribution of lesions affecting the clavicle and age at presentation aid in the differential diagnosis of focal clavicular lesions. Clinical notes, imaging and histopathological reports of the clavicular lesions between Jan 1999 and Jan 2006 were reviewed. Virtually, all patients had been referred as suspected neoplasm. Fifty-nine patients were identified. Patients <20 years (n = 27) had non-neoplastic or benign lesions. Patients between 20-50 years (n = 14) had predominantly non-neoplastic lesions. Patients >50 years (n = 18) had predominantly malignant lesions. The lesions most commonly affected the medial third (n = 35) and were predominantly non-neoplastic or benign. The middle third was affected in 15 patients and showed both benign and malignant lesions. The lateral third was least affected with predominance of malignant lesions. The clavicle is not a primary common site for any particular tumour; hence, diagnosis of the lesions can be challenging. Our study has suggested that few factors like age and site of the lesions may be helpful in diagnosis.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women and a quantitative contrast-free method is highly desirable for its diagnosis. To investigate the performance of quantitative MRI in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions and to compare with the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). Retrospective. Eighty patients (56 with malignant lesions and 24 with benign lesions). Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with a single-shot echo planar sequence and synthetic MRI with magnetic resonance image compilation (MAGiC) were performed at 3T. T1 relaxation time (T1 ), T2 relaxation time (T2 ), and proton density (PD) from synthetic MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from DWI were analyzed by two radiologists (Reader A, Reader B). Univariable and multivariable models were developed to optimize differentiation between malignant and benign lesions and their performances compared to BI-RADS. The diagnostic performance was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC). T2 , PD, and ADC values for malignant lesions were significantly lower than those in benign breast lesions for both radiologists (all P < 0.05). The combined T2 , PD, and ADC model had the best performance for differentiating malignant and benign lesions with AUC, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of 0.904, 94.6%, 87.5%, 94.6%, and 87.5%, respectively. The corresponding results for BI-RADS were no AUC, 94.6%, 75.0%, 89.8%, and 85.7%, respectively. The approach that combined synthetic MRI and DWI outperformed BI-RADS in the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign breast lesions and was achieved without contrast agents. This approach may serve as an alternative and effective strategy for the improvement of breast lesion differentiation. 3. 3.

Objective: To analyze the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) signal pattern in renal lesions with T(2)WI hypointensity. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on DWI imaging datasets of 135 renal lesions with hypointentsity on T(2)WI confirmed by surgery, biopsy, or follow-up in the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from February 2016 to February 2017.One hundred and thirty-five renal lesions,43 benign lesions(age from 28 to 70 years,mean age was 43.5 years, male 18 lesions and female 25 lesions) and 92 malignant lesions (age from 17 to 86 years, mean age was 54.1 years, male 62 lesions and female 30 lesions). DWI signal pattern was classified into six categories: homogeneously high signal, homogeneously low signal, heterogeneously high signal, high halo signal, high halo and nodular signal, and high nodular signal. The agreement between two observers were tested using kappa statistic. The statistical difference between DWI signal characteristics in benign and malignant lesions was analyzed with Chi-Square test. Diagnostic efficacy in differentiation of benign and malignant renal lesions using DWI signal pattern were calculated. Results: One hundred and thirty-five lesions were detected in 135 cases with T(2)WI hypointensity. There were 43 benign lesions and 92 malignant lesions. The agreement between two observers was very good (kappa value=0.878 6). In renal T(2)WI hypointensity lesions, the proportion of DWI homogeneous high signal, homogeneous low signal, heterogeneous high signal, high halo signal, high halo and nodular signal, high nodular signal was 4.7% (2/43), 25.6% (11/43), 30.2% (13/43), 18.6% (8/43), 11.6% (5/43), 9.3% (4/43), respectively. The proportion of malignant lesions was 10.9% (10/92), 0 (0/92), 17.4% (16/92), 13.0% (12/92), 56.5% (52/92) and 2.2% (2/92), respectively. The difference of high halo and nodules signal and homogeneous low signal was statistically significant (all P<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value (PPV) and negative prediction value (NPV) of high halo and nodular signal for malignancy were 56.5% (52/92), 88.4%(38/43), 91.2% (52/57) and 48.7%(38/78), respectively and homogeneous low signal for benign lesions were 25.6% (11/43), 100.0% (92/92), 100.0% (11/11) and 74.2% (92/124), respectively. Conclusions: DWI signal features may facilitated the accurate diagnosis of renal lesions with T(2)WI hypointensity. Malignant lesions exhibit a higher propensity with high halo and nodular signal on DWI while benign lesions with homogeneous low signal.

Objective To investigate the application value of contrast-enhanced transrectal ultrasound (CE-TRUS) in differential diagnosis of prostate benign and malignant lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with prostate lesions detected by CE-TRUS from January 2014 to December 2016 in Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University was performed. Seventy-two cases of prostate disease with 88 lesions were confirmed by transrectal prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance. The age of patients with benign and malignant lesions, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and the size of prostate and prostate inner gland were compared by independent sample t test. Pathologic results of transrectal prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance were used as diagnostic gold standard, and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of CE-TRUS in diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions were calculated. Results Sixty-seven lesions in 52 patients were benign prostatic diseases, and 21 lesions in 20 patients were prostate cancer in this study. The size of prostate and prostate inner gland were not different between patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic diseases [(58.33±34.99) cm3 vs (57.14±24.42) cm3, t=0.185, P=0.854; (34.98±19.96) cm3 vs (33.89±17.65) cm3, t=0.213, P=0.832]. Most of prostate cancer lesions were in prostate outer gland area (15/21), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging showed contrast enhancement increased mostly in arterial phase and faded faster than the surrounding tissues (16/21). However, most of prostate benign lesions were in prostate inner gland (47/67), and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging showed contrast enhancement was mostly equal with the surrounding tissue in arterial phase and faded the same as the surrounding tissues in venous phase (47/67). Pathologic results of transrectal prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance were used as diagnostic gold standard, the sensitivity of CE-TRUS in diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate lesions was 85.71%, the specificity was 91.04%, and the accuracy was 89.77%. Two lesions were in prostate inner and outer gland border areas in the three missed prostate cancer lesions, and Gleason scores were all medium and high differentiated group. Six prostate benign lesions were diagnosed as malignant lesions, five lesions were confirmed prostate hyperplasia with chronic prostatitis and one was confirmed granulomatous inflammation with coagulation necrosis by transrectal prostate biopsy under ultrasound guidance. Conclusion CE-TRUS can effectively identify prostate benign and malignant lesions, and provides reliable information for accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer. Key words: Prostatic neoplasms; Ultrasonography; Contrast media; Diagnosis, differential

Objective To explore the capacity of three-dimensional power doppler sonography (3D-PDS) ultrasound combined with breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) for ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods The BI-RADS and 3D-PDS were conducted on 257 patients with 282 lesions prior to operation. The conventional ultrasound features and three dimensional vascular features were compared between the malignant lesions and benign ones with histopathological results as the reference standard. The clinical values of BI-RADS alone, 3D-PDS alone and the combination of two methods were obtained by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results In total of 282 breast tumors, there were 175 (62.1%) benign lesions and 107 (37.9%) malignant ones. Statistical significant differences were observed in tumor shape, orientation, boundary, margin, posterior acoustic feature and calcification between the two groups in terms of two dimensional sonography features (P<0.01), and the vascular distribution, the morphology of the vessels and the perforator vessel in the 3D vascular features (P<0.01). The area under the curve (AUC) of the combined method was greater than that of BI-RADS and 3D-PDS. Conclusion There were significant differences in conventional ultrasound features, as well as in three-dimensional vascular characteristics between the malignant breast lesions and the benign ones. BI-RADS and 3D-PDS both have limitations., However, BI-RADS combined with 3D-PDS can improve the diagnostic efficiency. Key words: Ultrasonography, Doppler; Ultrasonography; Breast neoplasms

Objective To discuss the value of conventional ultrasound combined with virtual touch tissue imaging (VTI) in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions by breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) diagnostic criteria. Methods From January 2013 to October 2014, 395 breast lesions from 389 patients from the Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University were included in present study. All the lesions were confirmed by surgery pathology. Conventional ultrasound and VTI examinations were done before surgery. Both benign and malignant lesions were classified into varied categories based on the boundary of lesions under VTI mode. Benign and malignant breast lesions were classified into BI-RADS categories by conventional ultrasound or conventional ultrasound combined with VTI. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences of lesions′ boundaries between VTI categories and VTI mode. The pathology findings were used as golden criteria, to calculate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional ultrasound as well as conventional ultrasound combined with VTI. And their diagnostic performances were compared by McNemar′s test. Results Of 395 breast lesions, 282 (71.4%) were benign, 113 (28.6%) were malignant. 75.5% (213/282) benign lesions were classified as Ⅱ-Ⅲ under VTI mode, while 83.2% (94/113) malignant lesions were classified as Ⅳ-Ⅴ under VTI mode. The differences in classification between them was statistically significant (χ2=114.759, P<0.01). 77.7% (219/282) benign lesions had unclear boundaries under VTI mode, while 78.8% (89/113) malignant lesions had clear boundaries under VTI mode. The differences in boundaries between them was statistically significant (χ2=108.480, P<0.01). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional ultrasound in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions were 97.3%, 54.2% and 66.6% respectively; while the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of conventional ultrasound combined with virtual touch tissue imaging in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions were 98.2%, 84.4% and 88.4% respectively. The specificity and accuracy were higher when only using conventional ultrasound with statistical significance (χ2=79.425, 67.549, both P<0.01); however the sensitivity had no significantly different (χ2=11.974, P<0.01). Conclusion Conventional ultrasound combined with virtual touch tissue imaging can improve the specificity and the accuracy in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions. Key words: Elasticity imaging techniques; Ultrasonography; Breast diseases; Diagnosis, differential