Introducing the Concentration Camps (CCamps v1.0) dataset

Book Review| March 01 2022 Review: Genocide in Libya: Shar, A Hidden Colonial History, by Ali Abdullatif Ahmida Genocide in Libya: Shar, A Hidden Colonial History, by Ali Abdullatif Ahmida (London: Routledge, 2021). 234 pp., US$44.95, ISBN 978-0-367-46889-7 Youssef Mohammad Sawani Youssef Mohammad Sawani Professor of Politics & International Relations, University of Tripoli, Libya. Email: youssef.sawani@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Contemporary Arab Affairs (2022) 15 (1): 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1525/caa.2022.15.1.109 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Youssef Mohammad Sawani; Review: Genocide in Libya: Shar, A Hidden Colonial History, by Ali Abdullatif Ahmida. Contemporary Arab Affairs 1 March 2022; 15 (1): 109–116. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/caa.2022.15.1.109 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentContemporary Arab Affairs Search This book is the work of a Libyan-American scholar who spent fifteen years researching the history of Italian colonial concentration camps (Mu'taqalat) in Libya between 1929 and 1934. Ali Abdullatif Ahmida, who teaches political science at the University of New England in the United States, based his methods of inquiry on local culture and values as well as archives and survivors' first-hand accounts. According to the evidence that Ahmida was able to collect in his fieldwork and archival research, Fascist Italian colonizers subjected Libyans to all kinds of maltreatment, war crimes, starvation, deportations, displacement, concentration camps and murder. More than 110,000 Libyans, who inhabited the eastern part of the country, were interned in sixteen concentration camps and, by 1934, only 40,000 had survived the ordeal. The Fascists committed all sorts of criminal practices to quell nationalist resistance and resorted to widespread executions while the unfortunate Libyans who remained... You do not currently have access to this content.

The unleashing of the war marked the turn to the realization of Nazi plans for imperial conquest and racial population policies, in which the camps were essential. This chapter surveys the transformation of the concentration camps with the invasion of Poland in 1939, relating them to sub-camps, forced labour camps, other camps, and ghettos. It argues that many of these other camps shared with concentration camps the characteristics of extra-legality, coercion, and terror. Exemplifying the myriad forms of camps, Durchgangsstrasse IV, the 1,200-kilometre strategic road to the east constructed by Jewish forced labour, was not even a concentration or labour camp, but a mobile death camp. Forced labour for Jews amounted to a suspended death sentence. That raises the question whether ‘annihilation by labour’ was the general principle. The main purpose of the camps (broadly defined) extending across Europe and North Africa was preventive terror, essential for the empire-building of the Nazi New Order. In Poland and Yugoslavia, transit camps were death camps in all but name. Forced labour for the war economy only gradually became a feature of the SS camps from 1942. The ‘nurseries’ for the babies of forced workers were in effect concentration camps with squalid conditions and high mortality. Before 1942, relatively few Jews were held in concentration camps. Mass murder became an additional function in most SS concentration camps, but only three of the twenty-seven main camps acquired gas chambers by autumn 1942.

Stating the obvious statistical fact that the overwhelming majority of per petrators of genocide are men elicits charges of essentialism and suspicions of women's claims to moral superiority and innocence. This essay intends to reaf firm that genocide is men's work. However, the supportive stance of wives of convicted perpetrators of the Holocaust that emerges from primary documents in the postwar period exposes feminist and patriarchal assumptions of women's moral innocence as seriously flawed.1 The Nazi Holocaust was envisioned, planned, and implemented by Ger man men. German women were kept out of positions of power and leadership and hence cannot be held personally accountable for the final solution. The unspeakable atrocities of the ghettos, concentration camps, and Einsatzgrup pen (extermination squads) are largely associated with male violence. Although some women were engaged in heinous brutality, by beating and torturing vic tims and prove that women can be just as cruel and violent as men, their ex amples stand out. The cruelty of some women such as the SS beast, Ilse Koch, wife of the camp commander of Buchenwald, and that of other female SS-associated guards in concentration camps, such as Irma Grese in Auschwitz and others in the Ravensbriick women's concentration camp, has become infa mous and continues to inspire the pornographic mind.2 Their sadism may well

The News of the Week article that reports on Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison (R-TX) questioning the need to fund social science research at the National Science Foundation is alarming and shortsighted (“Senate panel chair asks why NSF funds social sciences,” 12 May, p. [829][1]). Social science research is at the fundamental core of basic research and has much to contribute to the economic viability of the United States. Twenty years of direct and jointly funded social and ecosystem science research at Colorado State University's Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory has produced deep insights into environmental and societal impacts of political upheaval, land use, and climate change in parts of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Beyond greatly advancing our understanding of the coupled human-environmental system, the partnership of social and ecosystem science has brought scientists and decision-makers together to begin to develop solutions to difficult problems. Insights from the social sciences about the vulnerability, sustainability, and resilience of social and environmental systems have greatly increased our understanding of the complex interactions of the world on which we depend. The contributions of social and ecological science for data analyses associated with spatial relationships, transfer of goods and services, valuation, and decision-making processes have improved our understanding of how human activities are altering environmental systems worldwide. These findings have become the core of policy and development decisions used throughout the world. It is critical that the NSF support social science funding and that, as budget decisions are made, the social science allocation should move forward equally with increases as in other basic and applied research. Failure to do so will further hinder U.S. competitiveness in the future and will slow transfer of knowledge and usefulness to the public. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.312.5775.829a

‘The Third Reich’s world of camps’ examines the history of the Nazi camp system, comparing labour camps devised to build the ‘racial community’ with concentration camps set up to exclude political opponents and eventually to eradicate unwanted others—‘asocials’ and then Jews. The SS concentration camps at Buchenwald, Dachau, and Sachsenhausen, which were designed to brutalize the inmates and at which death was common, can be distinguished from the death camps at Chełmno, Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka. Exceptions were Majdanek and Auschwitz, which by 1942 combined the functions of concentration and death camps. The images and testimonies of the liberation of the Nazi camps have shaped our definition of concentration camps.

Social science research has been attacked by neoliberal thinkers who allege that such research lacks economic objectives. In the face of neoliberal and positivist criteria for evaluating the social impact of social science inquiry, social science researchers are developing qualitative evaluation methodologies through which we can have direct contact with citizens. These qualitative methodologies declare our social responsibility as social researchers in addressing relevant problems, especially those affecting the most vulnerable people. From these qualitative methodologies, the most vulnerable groups are included in the assessment of the social impacts of social research. Some examples of people who have participated in this qualitative evaluation include women, youth, immigrants, and Roma organizations. Participants perceived social science researchers as being far from their social reality, but in this research, they began to overcome their skepticism that social science research can help to solve those problems affecting their everyday lives.

The article deals with the offensive operations of the 60th Soviet Army during the Sandomir-Silesian operation. On January 27, 1945 the soldiers of this army liberated the Polish city of Auschwitz and the concentration camp "Auschwitz-Birkenau", some sites of which were located in close proximity to the city. A whole direction in historical science is devoted to the study of Hitler's crimes in the concentration camps created by the Nazis. The article develops this direction in the part of analyzing the information about how and as a result of what the largest camp in the system of concentration camps created by Nazis in Europe stopped its functioning. The main goal of the presented work is to reconstruct the chronology of combat operations of the 60th Army units in the second half of January 1945, to determine their specifics and results. The methodological basis of the study was the principle of historical objectivity with reliance on source analysis of the complex of archival materials of the 60th Soviet Army and the units included in it, the level of the army - division - regiment. The involved documents, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, allowed to restore the course of the offensive operation in the direction of Auschwitz. It is shown that the enemy resisted stubbornly, going into counterattacks, supported by artillery. However, the enemy could not hold the positions and retreated with significant losses. The intensity of the fighting is evidenced by the fact of death on the outskirts of the city of the commander of the 472nd rifle regiment, which was on the edge of the offensive operation of the division. The analysis of the documents allowed us to draw a number of conclusions that develop our knowledge about the role of the Red Army in the liberation of both the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and Poland as a whole. One of these should include an analysis of the combat composition of the 60th Army. Documents record the fact that more than half of the army was represented by new recruits. Among those conscripted in the second half of 1944, a significant percentage were mobilized from the western, recently liberated territories of the Ukrainian SSR, and the number of Ukrainians was almost identical to the number of Russians. The 100th Infantry Division, which took part in the direct fighting for Auschwitz, maintained the rapid pace of the offensive operation, which made it possible to liberate a significant part of the prisoners without giving the Nazis a chance to kill them. The documents of the 60th Army testify that most of the liberated from the total number of the camp contingent awaiting their fate were men of conscription age, citizens of the USSR. These documents record the fact that 3 thousand former prisoners of "Auschwitz-Birkenau" out of the total number of 5 thousand liberated were subsequently conscripted into the Soviet army and participated in the final defeat of Hitler's Germany and its allies.

Harry Cassidy and Harold Innis, both of the University of Toronto, and both notable Canadian academics, became well known in their respective fields: Cassidy in social welfare and Innis in economic history. This article examines their quite individual approaches to university social science research during the 1940's. Cassidy's orientation was pragmatic and motivated by a Fabian outlook that a carefully laid foundation of facts was necessary in the process of social reform and for the development of progressive social welfare policies. Innis's approach to social science research was much more speculative and historical. It was his contention that long-range social science research carried out by universities could contribute to the restoration of a declining Western civilization. Since he never fully developed his position on research, this account is a synthesis based on his essays. This article, based on material in the University of Toronto Archives, reviews Cassidy's attempts during the forties to have an Institute for Research established at the University of Toronto, which would conduct research into problems of social security in Canada. Some current concerns regarding social science research in the university are discussed in the conclusion.

Debate has raged whether it is ever right to use children in conducting research in the social sciences. Some have argued that the use of a nonconsenting subject or a subject whose consent is often doubtful, such as is the case with children, is wrong whether or not there is any risk posed to the subject. Others support such research provided it involves no discernible risk to the children. Social science researchers may enlist children in their studies of social processes for a variety of reasons. Such research raises a number of complex ethical and legal problems and challenges that have unfortunately not been addressed in many countries including Botswana. For example, may the researcher obtain the information he needs based on the consent of the child or his parent or both? What are the obligations of the researcher who learns of secrets that the child would rather keep from his parents, to his own detriment? These are some of the questions that this article will attempt to address. It begins by showing why children constitute a special research population that deserve special attention. It then considers some of the fundamental ethical principles that usually apply in social research involving children. This is followed by an attempt to identify some of the legal principles that could be invoked to protect children in such situations. It is contended that the sensitive nature of children and the fact that their use in social research, whilst sometimes unavoidable and beneficial, carries certain risks that justify the

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss a few principal and crucial steps of “antecedents” and “postcedents” in relation to structural equation modeling (SEM) in social science research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based upon a conceptual and reflective discussion of SEM in social sciences research.FindingsSEM is not science per se, but just a tool that is used to extract meaning from the previous steps of research processes in terms of a research phenomenon in focus.Research limitations/implicationsBased upon the steps of validity and reliability discussed in relation to predetermined measurement and structural models in SEM, application implications are provided.Practical implicationsLike many statistical tools, SEM can be misused to manipulate findings and fit of measurement and structural models. Researchers may become more interested in the tool than in the subject matter.Originality/valueUsing SEM does not elevate research to be science or make the researcher a scientist! An area of concern for further debate is whether the widespread and variable applications of SEM in social science (in particular, marketing) research are all science.

In Ordos City, Kang Bashi District of Western Area, the objectives of urban planning are too big that public buildings is asked to be seeking large and novelty, Public resources are seriously wasted and other misunderstandings of "making political achievements" are also obviously. An urgent improvement of the quality of urban planning is needed of building a people-oriented ecological city.

Research licensing administered by the Nunavut Research Institute (NRI) affords Nunavummiut (people of Nunavut) an opportunity to engage in research. The NRI partnered with researchers at McMaster and Carleton Universities to investigate social sciences research licensed between 2004 and 2019. This partnership aimed to understand the scope of research trends in Nunavut. Thematic content analysis was used to (i) identify research topics in social sciences and Inuit knowledge projects; (ii) determine frequency and diversity of topics according to leadership, location, and timeframe; (iii) develop metrics to improve tracking of research; and (iv) contribute to the development of a Nunavut research portal making NRI research applications and reports public. Social sciences research increased during the 16-year study period. Projects were predominantly led by Canadian academics. The highest intensity of research occurred in Iqaluit, and the lowest intensity in Grise Fiord. Social sciences research was mainly focused on topics related to Inuit culture and knowledge. Social scientists most often conducted research using interviews and shared their work via peer-reviewed journal articles. This project is a starting point in raising awareness about research trends for Nunavummiut. This work aims to contribute to broader efforts in developing Nunavut-specific approaches to achieving Inuit self-determination in research.

To analyse large numbers of texts, social science researchers are increasingly confronting the challenge of text classification. When manual labeling is not possible and researchers have to find automatized ways to classify texts, computer science provides a useful toolbox of machine-learning methods whose performance remains understudied in the social sciences. In this article, we compare the performance of the most widely used text classifiers by applying them to a typical research scenario in social science research: a relatively small labeled dataset with infrequent occurrence of categories of interest, which is a part of a large unlabeled dataset. As an example case, we look at Twitter communication regarding climate change, a topic of increasing scholarly interest in interdisciplinary social science research. Using a novel dataset including 5,750 tweets from various international organizations regarding the highly ambiguous concept of climate change, we evaluate the performance of methods in automatically classifying tweets based on whether they are about climate change or not. In this context, we highlight two main findings. First, supervised machine-learning methods perform better than state-of-the-art lexicons, in particular as class balance increases. Second, traditional machine-learning methods, such as logistic regression and random forest, perform similarly to sophisticated deep-learning methods, whilst requiring much less training time and computational resources. The results have important implications for the analysis of short texts in social science research.

This paper describes main features of a program of technical assistance in South Asia (primarily India) designed to help comm -unity health researchers develop more effective data gathering and analysis in applied studies of reproductive health issues. The program was funded by the Ford Foundation (India) and organized under a grant to Johns Hopkins University. Recipients of the technical assistance have been mainly small nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and some social science researchers in academic institutions in India. In most cases, the participants have been involved in community-based intervention programs, so the research activities have had a directly applied focus. The increasing challenge of the AIDS epidemic brought about a shift in emphasis in the program, as many organizations and individuals took up research on behavior to better understand the patterns of individual actions that are associated with higher risks of HIV infection. An informal sexual behavior research network ha...

In the current era of constantly seeking new breakthroughs in social science research, light pollution, as an environmental phenomenon, has become a highly valuable research sample. This article focuses on different typical regions and deeply integrates computer algorithms into social science research, in order to deeply analyze the complex relationship between environmental factors, biological activities, and human social development. By utilizing innovative scientific and mathematical models, a rigorous research framework based on algorithms can be established, which is like equipping precise navigation devices for social science research. It can accurately grasp the internal logic and dynamic changes between various factors. Using professional software such as SPSS for data analysis is similar to using efficient and intelligent algorithm tools to quantitatively calculate and systematically compare light pollution related data under different environmental conditions and day and night periods. Through this series of methods relying on computer algorithms, accurately assess the potential risks of light pollution to ecology, resources, and human quality of life. This achievement provides a key basis for a deeper understanding of the interaction between the environment and society in the field of social sciences, and also provides powerful references for formulating scientific social development strategies.