Investigating the solid waste recycling management

The scientific article is devoted to the public administration of solid household waste management as a direction of consumer rights protection. Attention was drawn to the positive aspects of public administration regarding the management of solid household waste as a means of protecting consumer rights (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the existence of the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030; availability of a regulatory and legislative framework in the field of management and handling of solid household waste; availability of "Methodical recommendations for the development of regional waste management plans”; existence of a solid household waste management program in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2022-2024; positive experience of the EU and other developed countries in the field of effective management and handling of solid household waste; the presence of a solid household waste collection and disposal system; availability of municipal solid waste landfills; availability of enterprises for processing, processing and disposal of hazardous components of solid household waste; initiation of elements of separate collection of solid household waste; gradual formation of awareness among the population regarding the need to separate resource-valuable components from the general flow of solid household waste. It was concluded that the problematic issues in public administration regarding the handling of solid household waste as a direction of consumer rights protection (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the tendency to increase the scale of generation and accumulation of solid household waste; lack of a systematic approach to creating effective management and handling of solid household waste; insufficient funding of solid waste management and management; low level of implementation of previous regional solid waste management and handling programs; low level of utilization of resource-valuable components of solid household waste; lack of waste transfer stations and waste processing enterprises, etc.

Overview of household solid waste recycling policy status and challenges in Malaysia

Solid waste management is a critical aspect of urban sustainability, encompassing the collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal of solid waste materials. Effective solid waste management practices are essential to minimize environmental pollution, conserve natural resources, and promote public health. This abstract explores various aspects of solid waste management, including waste reduction, recycling, composting, and landfill management, highlighting the importance of integrated waste management systems. The abstract also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with solid waste management, such as the need for innovative technologies and policies to improve waste collection and treatment efficiency. It emphasizes the importance of public education and awareness campaigns to promote waste reduction and recycling practices. Overall, the abstract underscores the importance of sustainable solid waste management practices in creating cleaner, healthier, and more resilient communities. Keywords: 1. Solid and liquid waste management 2. Waste water 3. Reuse 4. Recycle.

Recycling inorganic domestic solid wastes: results from a pilot study in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Solid waste management is now acknowledged as one of the major environmental issues of our times. It remains a challenge for developed countries and is an exponentially growing problem for developing countries. The last four decades are marked by several incidents highlighting problems with solid and hazardous waste management across the world. 1. Trans-boundary shipments of hazardous and solid waste have received world-wide attention and media headlines. Infamous examples include Khian Sea which started its journey from Philadelphia in 1986 and Mobro which started its journey from New York in 1987; two US barges or ships with cargoes of municipal solid waste that went from one country to another looking for a port to dump their wastes. The Mobro went all the way to Belize and brought its cargo back to Brooklyn, New York for incineration and landfilling. Many speculate that Khian Sea dumped its cargo somewhere in the Indian Ocean in 1988. 2. Most recently, a fire started on 27 January 2016 in India’s oldest and largest open dumping site, Deonar in Mumbai, and was visible in satellite images (shown in Fig. 1.1). It continued for several days leading to complaints of air pollution and closure of schools for 2 days. The massive fire was attributed to the buildup of methane gas in the open dump where the waste had reached heights of more than 30 m. Fires in this dumping site have been recurrent making living conditions in the surrounding areas extremely difficult. 3. Many sources have identified poor solid waste management as one of the major contributing factors to the spread of plague in Surat, India in 1994. Incidents like these led to promulgation of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules in India in 2000. 4. Several industrial sites all around the world remain unusable or a toxic nuisance for their neighbours due to improper handling and management of hazardous wastes on-site. One of the earliest and most cited examples in the USA includes Love Canal, Niagara Falls, New York, where toxic waste was dumped through the 1920s and got national attention only in 1976–1978. The Superfund program (under the Resources Conservation and Recovery Act, RCRA for ensuring proper disposal of solid and hazardous waste) was initiated in 1980 in the USA and was the government’s response for remediating and rehabilitating such contaminated industrial sites.

Although India is the second biggest country on the planet and representing about 18 percent of world's population, but yet it doesn't have enough assets or sufficient framework to treat with its solid superfluous. The abysmal problems of and challenges ahead in solid waste management in Hunsur city, one of the main districts of Mysore, State of Karnataka, India is a major stimulant in this research. It is worth noting that the issue of metropolitan solid waste management (MSWM) likewise is winning in the urban condition of Hunsur. Therefore, along these study, the present review was taken to discover the issues and prospects of urban solid waste in Hunsur city. During this study, a detailed investigation was done in regards to the practices Contact with infected resources, amount created, gathering, transportation, stockpiling, treatment and transfer of urban solid waste in Hunsur city. The worried information from SWM in Hunsur was acquired through the questionnaire survey, singular field visit, interfacing with individuals and reliable record of the metropolitan corporations. The photographic evidence was also gathered about the collecting era, stockpiling, accumulation, transportation, treatment and transfer of MSW. According to obtained researches, since that, the total amount of solid waste generated in this city is equivalent to 44 tons/day and from this amount, only about 29 tons’/day waste collected by municipalities can conclude that 15 tons/day of solid waste remains and this is a serious threat to the ecology of this city. Hence this study shows that due to the laws 2000, the current system of MSWM is not satisfactory in the Hunsur city on the basis of the solid waste Management system. Finally, this study opines that the establishment of the special places for recycling of solid waste in Hunsur district and the improvement of the reusing business of them require an enhanced cooperation, close partnerships, and financing.

Malaysia is heavily dependent on landfilling as a method of waste disposal, and as a result, severe space constraints, health issues, and environmental issues will eventually affect the country. This essay aims to give a general overview of solid waste recycling in Malaysia at the level that affects a community or country the most, the family. In Malaysia, households are the main producers of municipal solid waste, with recyclable materials making up between 70 and 80 percent of the total waste found in landfills. To improve solid waste management from a recycling perspective, it is important to consider Malaysia's current household solid waste recycling policy and program status. Wastes are still dumped in open areas of land without any attempt at recovery or recycling, despite the high potential and opportunities for doing so. Malaysia's rate of 5% illustrates the rarity of this practice when compared to recycling rates in neighboring nations. The government is committed to greatly enhancing solid waste management services for all citizens, particularly waste minimization. Since wastes, separation, and recycling make up a sizable portion of the major changes in the current policy implementation, it is a good thing that the emphasis on recycling as a sustainable waste management strategy has undergone a paradigm shift. The question of whether the 2020 goals can be met is still up in the air, but there is a chance for a successful implementation of sustainable solid waste management. These issues and challenges in recycling practice were highlighted in this context.

The municipal solid waste (MSW) management is the biggest challenge faced by many of the urban local bodies and other authorities. In the present study, the feasibility of the vermicomposting process in one of the apartments of class II Indian cities was studied and analysed to identify the key issues in solid waste management. The study also optimised the parameters like pH, temperature and moisture content in order to fasten the vermicomposting process. The household solid waste was characterised by two different economic classes for a period of two weeks. The average solid waste generation rate from the household was 0.339 kg/capita/day and it was composed of organic waste of 50%, inorganic portions like paper and plastic of 48% and household hazardous waste of 2%. The major portion of the household solid waste is the organic fraction and vermicomposting is one of the better options for treating it. The effectiveness of vermicomposting process and methods to speed up the process was evaluated in the study.

Solid waste management (SWM) is a challenging environmental issue globally, with developing nations experiencing considerable difficulties in its efficient and effective implementation. Urban slum areas within these regions, particularly, have been reported to face unique challenges in SWM due to a combination of factors, including the low socio-economic status of residents, high population density, inadequate infrastructure, and a thriving informal economy. Despite these critical concerns, most SWM research in Nepal has concentrated on major cities and tourist hotspots. As a result, the condition of SWM in urban slum areas, typically found along the banks of major rivers in Nepal, remains a critical yet neglected aspect in research and policy discussions. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate SWM in the densely populated urban slum areas situated along the Bagmati River, a key river system in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Four major slum locations within the central metropolitan area of Kathmandu—Sinamangal, Thapathali, Teku, and Balkhu—were selected for the study, and systematic random sampling and characterization of household solid waste was conducted. The results reveal that the average household solid waste generation rates in the four study sites were 155.32 g capita−1 d−1, 124.69 g capita−1 d−1, 149.9 g capita−1 d−1, and 218.44 g capita−1 d−1, respectively. Organic wastes was the most prevalent type, comprising 63.34% of the total waste, followed by paper and paper products (13.72%), plastics (12.15%), dirt and construction debris (5.57%), glass (4.31%), and other wastes (0.91%). Qualitative data from the survey revealed that although municipal waste management programs exist, awareness and participation among residents were limited. As a result, many households ended up managing their waste on their own, often in an unscientific manner polluting the river water in the vicinity. The study offers critical insights for policymakers, operators, and regulators in addressing the growing challenges of SWM. Findings are expected to aid in the sustainable management of solid waste along the river basin in central urban regions of the capital city. Under Nepal's new federal governance system, provincial and local governments are recommended to collaborate with all stakeholders, including households, to develop comprehensive, multimodal SWM strategies that also address the needs of slum areas.

The rapid population growth affects the amount of waste generated. Sukomanunggal Subdistrict is the densest area in West Surabaya which has a population of 100,602 inhabitants with a total area of 11.2 km2. The population growth significantly affects the problem of limited land for landfill facilities (final processing sites). According to the prevailing regulations, solid waste management solutions include the solid waste reduction and management. This study aims to determine the potential reduction of household solid waste at the sources. Household solid waste samplings were performed for eight consecutive days. The samples were then analyzed to obtain the generation rate, density, and composition so that the household solid waste reduction potential for the next 20 years could be devised. Results of the analysis showed that the value of waste is 0.27 kg/person/day, while the total household solid waste generation amounted to 27,162.58 kg/day or 187.70 m3/day. Concerning the technical aspects, the current solid waste reduction in Sukomanunggal Subdistrict has reached 2.1% through the application of waste bank, composting, and scavenging activities at the dumping sites by the garbage collectors. In the year of 2036, the potential reduction of household solid waste in Sukomanunggal Subdistrict has been estimated to reach 28.0%.

The article is devoted to the study of the issues of efficient management of solid household waste (SHW) in Ukraine, which provides the improvement of its sorting and logistics. The composition of solid household waste in the context of world countries by the level of development, geographical principle in comparison with Ukraine was studied. It is substantiated that despite the differences in the composition of waste in our and European countries, its calorific value is approximately the same, which determines the possibility of energy use. The current state of solid household waste sorting in Ukraine is analyzed, it is determined that today it is mainly sorted into mixed (wet) and dry, there is a separate sorting of some types of waste: glass, paper, metal, plastic. A logical scheme of the existing separate sorting and management of household waste in Ukraine was built, which showed the differences from the best European practices in this field. It is proposed to improve the solid household waste sorting system through the introduction of eight types of containers, which will allow to obtain more homogeneous flows of standard waste and facilitate its further useful use. It is proposed to introduce the compensation payments for sorted waste. The logistics of solid household waste has been improved through proposals for the introduction of vacuum sorting stations for waste transportation. Their advantages are environmental friendliness, automation that minimizes the human factor, high speed of transportation. The management of household and similar waste in Ukraine has been studied and it has been determined that the main direction of its further use is disposal in specially equipped landfills (more than 40%), and energy use by incineration does not reach 2%. The characteristics of waste recycling in the countries of the world are given, which has shown significant achievements in the fuller use of waste potential as a valuable secondary raw material. The ecological, energy, social and economic effects of the introduction of a sustainable solid waste management system in Ukraine are substantiated.

Human activities create wastes. Whether wastes would pose risks to the environment and to public health depend on how they are handled, stored, collected and disposed off. The research sought to identify the approaches adopted by households to dispose off wastes; the perception of households on public health in relation to nearness to dumpsites; health related activities organized and challenges of managing wastes. Duase, Ohwim and Oti-Dompoase, all in Kumasi metropolis were studied to understand these issues. A total of 256 households were systematically sampled from 3,364 households at a 95% confidence level. It was found that 44.9% of the household respondents disposed off their wastes at the dumpsites within their respective residential areas; 26.9% at the central collection skip containers provided by KMA; 17.2%, in pits at their backyards; and 10.9% by burning. ZoomLion Ghana Ltd, ABC Waste Group, Meskworld Co. Ltd and Kumasi Waste Management Limited were responsible for managing waste within the study areas. Their operations however seem not satisfactory by the respondents. About 41.4% of the household respondents complained of the stench of the dumpsites which some of them even attributed it to the cause of numerous diseases in the communities such as catarrh, cough and chest pains. Diarrhea, intestinal worms, typhoid fever and cancer were perceived as diseases resulting from the wastes at the dumpsites. About 41.4% cited stench of the dumpsites to justify this claim while others link the poor management of waste to the causes of numerous diseases (catarrh, cough and chest pains, diarrhea, intestinal worms, typhoid fever and cancer) prevalent in the communities. The operations of the waste management companies were however found to be challenged by inadequate trucks and equipment, high operating cost, limited land availability for sanitary landfill and inadequate funding. Community participation in sanitation improvement programmes, separation of solid wastes at collection points, recycling of solid wastes and sensitization on how to dispose off waste and how to prevent waste related diseases have been recommended.

Solid waste management is a global concern that has been handled in several ways in different parts of the world. In cities of the Global North, measures meant to prevent or minimise solid waste generation and its associated challenges are based on the waste management hierarchy, whereas in cities in the Global South, the active involvement of the public and private sectors is well documented. Existing studies cover practices of solid waste collection, reuse, recycling and landfilling by private formal and private informal actors. The term informal actors has often been used to refer to itinerant waste buyers, waste pickers and recyclers. Local African institutions existing in marketplaces – such as women known as ‘market queens’ or ‘commodity queens’ and market chairmen, whose management roles are not necessarily geared towards livelihood creation – have, however, been neglected. This lack of attention to the roles of local institutions in solid waste management potentially undermines efforts aimed at waste minimisation and the achievement of policy measures such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Sustainable Development Goal 11) that seeks to make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Hence, based on the cases of the Kaneshie, Kantamanto and Madina markets in Accra, empirical evidence of the role that local market institutions play in solid waste management is provided. Based on this, an argument is made for removing structural barriers impeding local market institutions’ participation in existing systems for managing urban market environments.

El manejo de los residuos sólidos se ha convertido a nivel mundial, en una problemática de salud pública, debido al inadecuado manejo de estos, causando afectación en la salud de la comunidad y generando un impacto negativo al medio ambiente, causado especialmente por el aumento en el uso del plástico, la falta de cultura de reciclaje y la inexistencia de separación de residuos. Colombia se encuentra en entre los primeros países de América Latina, con mayor generación de residuos sólidos, donde un alto porcentaje de estos residuos, terminan en los rellenos sanitarios, mares y ríos del país. Debido a lo anterior el objetivo principal de la presente propuesta de investigación, es proponer un sistema de separación de residuos sólidos, en los lugares altamente concurridos en la Región Caribe, asimismo identificar y categorizar las zonas críticas de producción de residuos sólidos, con el fin de establecer un plan de manejo adecuado para la separación y reciclaje de residuos sólidos. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se realizó una revisión en las bases bibliográficas, con la ayuda de la herramienta VOSviewer se realizó un análisis Cienciométrico, sobre la información de la temática en manejo de residuos sólido, que permita promover alternativas de reciclaje, generando un componente positivo para el desarrollo social, económico y ambiental.

Background: All over the world, countries are battling with waste management and governments are investing huge sums of money to tackle waste issues. Household solid wastes in Debre Berhan town are observed on the road, burning inside the village, and disposed of in sewerage. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the status of household solid waste management practice and associated factors in Debre Berhan town from March 1- March 30, 2020. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in the household of Debre Berhan. Data was collected from 722 households, which were selected through multi-stage sampling from three kebeles. The Obtained data were entered using Epidata and finally analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify the independent predictors of good solid waste management practice. Odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and p-value <0.05 were used to assess the level of significance between determinant factors and the practice of solid waste management. Result: The majority of the households, 473(67.4%) solid waste management practice were poor. Age of the respondent (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI = 2.6-9.3 ), Educational level of the household heads (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32-0.92), Attitude of Household head on Solid waste management (AOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.06-0.15), cleanup campaign participation (AOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.39-0.95) and house ownership (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.29-0.70) were significantly associated with household solid waste management practice in the study area. Conclusion and Recommendation: The current study revealed that solid waste management practice was poor. Educational level, homeownership, attitude, cleanup campaign participation, and attitude on solid waste management were found to be associated with solid waste management practice. The municipality should increase door-to-door solid waste collection service coverage, promote households on solid waste segregation, reuse, and proper disposal through continuous awareness creation campaigns and community-based programs.